基本介紹
基本句型,用法,變化規則,注意問題,類型,不用被動語態,特殊形式,
基本句型
用法
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.
The new road was being made.
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
The tickets had been sold out berore I came to the cinema.
8.將來完成時的被動語態構成：shall/will + have been done
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
The project will have been completed before May.
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
變化規則
把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：
1. 先找出謂語動詞；
2. 再找出謂語動詞後的賓語；
3. 把賓語用作被動語態中的主語；
4. 注意人稱、時態和數的變化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
注意問題
1. 不及物動詞無被動語態。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.</CA
類型
1.SVO（只有一個賓語的句子）
主動句：S（主）+V（謂）+O（賓）
2.SVOO（有兩個賓語的句子）
S（原DO）+be+過去分詞+原IO+by+原主語之賓格
不用被動語態
如：After the fire, very little remained of my house.
(錯) The price has been risen.
(對) The price has risen.
(錯) The accident was happened last week.
(對) The accident happened last week.
(錯) The price has raised.
(對) The price has been raised.
(錯) Please seat.
(對) Please be seated.
要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。
2) 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
如：This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系動詞無被動語態：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn。
如：It sounds good.
如：She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 當賓語是不定式時，很少用於被動語態。
(對) She likes to swim.
(錯) To swim is liked by her.
