基本介紹
- 中文名：唐納-瑞德大隊
- 外文名：Donner-Reed Party
- 提出者：移民
- 提出時間：1846年
唐納-瑞德大隊的故事,唐納-瑞德大隊的由來：,唐納-瑞德大隊慘劇：,唐納-瑞德大隊之談虎色變,
唐納-瑞德大隊的故事
唐納-瑞德大隊的由來：
唐納-瑞德大隊（Donner-Reed Party），指的是一群在1846年春季由美國東部出發，預計前往加州的移民隊伍，他們是由數個家庭組成的篷車大隊。由於錯誤的資訊，他們的旅程遭受延遲，導致他們在1846年末到1847年初之間受困在內華達山區度過寒冬。在惡劣的環境下，接近半數成員遭到凍死或者餓死，部分生存者依靠食人存活下來。
唐納-瑞德大隊慘劇：
“唐納之隊”是西進運動中最慘烈的悲劇。一隊移民誤聽了黑斯廷斯的指示，想要走捷徑結果反而浪費了寶貴的18天時間，以至於在最後穿越內華達山脈之時，被大雪困於深山，最後依靠互相蠶食而勉強活下來，89人的隊伍只剩下45人。
In the spring of 1846, a group of nearly 90 emigrants left Springfield, Illinois, and headed west. Led by brothers Jacob and George Donner, the group attempted to take a new and supposedly shorter route to California. They soon encountered rough terrain and numerous delays, and they eventually became trapped by heavy snowfall high in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Reduced to cannibalism to survive through the winter, only half of the original group reached California the following year. Their story quickly spread, and before long the term "Donner Party" became synonymous with one of humanity's most ingrained taboos.
唐納-瑞德大隊之談虎色變
1846年春天，一隊大約90人的移民隊伍離開了伊利諾州的斯普林菲爾德，向西進發。這支隊伍由雅各布和喬治·唐納兄弟兩人帶隊，計畫走一條據說更近的新路前往加利福尼亞。結果他們遇到的是崎嶇的地形，行程不斷拖延，最終被一場大雪困在內華達山中。為了度過這個寒冬，他們只能互相蠶食，最終只剩下一半成員在第二年抵達加利福尼亞。他們的故事很快就傳開了，不久之後，“唐納之隊”便成了人人談虎色變的禁忌。
The Donner party left Springfield, Illinois, in April 1846. Led by two wealthy brothers, Jacob and George Donner, the emigrants initially followed the regular California Trail westward to Fort Bridger, Wyoming. From there, however, the emigrants decided to leave the established trail and take a new and supposedly shorter route to California laid out by a unscrupulous trail guide named Lansford Hastings. Hastings was not at Fort Bridger at the time-he was leading an earlier wagon train along his new route. He left word for the Donner party to follow, promising that he would mark the trail for them.
唐納之隊在1846年4月離開伊利諾伊的斯普林菲爾德。由富有的雅各布和喬治·唐納兄弟兩人帶隊，他們一開始走的是常規路線，直到懷俄明的布利哲堡。從那裡開始，他們聽信一個不負責任的名叫蘭斯福德·黑斯廷斯的路線嚮導的說法，決定跟著他走另外一條近路。黑斯廷斯本人當時並不在布利哲堡，而是領著一列馬車隊沿著他的新路線走在前面。他留下話讓唐納之隊跟著走，承諾會沿路標記路線。
Reassured, the group of 89 emigrants left Fort Bridger with their 20 wagons and headed for Weber Canyon, where Hastings claimed there was an easy passage through the rugged Wasatch Mountains.When they reached the head of the canyon,they founda note from Hastings attached to a forked stick. Hastings warned the Donner party that the route ahead was more difficult than he had thought. He asked the emigrants to make camp there and wait until he could return to show them a better way.
他們打消了疑慮，趕著20輛馬車離開了布利哲堡，直奔韋伯峽谷，也就是黑斯廷斯聲稱那裡會有一條好走的小路，可以翻越崎嶇的瓦扎茨山。當他們到達峽谷頂端時，發現黑斯廷斯在一個有叉的棒子上留了張字條。黑斯廷斯提醒他們，前面的路比他所預想的要難走得多，他讓他們在這裡紮營，然後等著他回來指點一條更好走的路。
Hastings' note troubled the emigrants. To return to Fort Bridger to pick up the established route would have meant wasting several days. They decided to wait for Hastings. After eight days, when Hastings had still not arrived, the emigrants sent a messenger up the canyon to find the guide. The messenger returned several days later with instructions from Hastings to follow another trail, and the emigrants complied. The alternate route, however, turned out to be even worse than the Weber Canyon road, and the emigrants had to carve a fresh road through thick trees and boulder-strewn ground.
黑斯廷斯的字條令他們十分困擾。要回去走常規路線，意味著浪費了好幾天。他們決定留下來等黑斯廷斯。等了8天以後，黑斯廷斯還沒有回來，移民們派了個傳信人上峽谷去找這個嚮導。幾天后，傳信人帶回了黑斯廷斯的指示——走另一條路，移民們照辦了。然而這條路比先前的韋伯峽谷更加難走，移民們不得不從厚密的叢林和亂石地中生生開闢出一條新路來。
The Donner party finally made it through the Wasatch Mountains and arrived at the Great Salt Lake. Hastings' route had cost them 18 valuable days. Unfortunately, their difficulties were only beginning. The "short cut" to California had cost them many wasted days, and the Donner party crossed the Sierra Nevada Mountains late in the season. On October 28, a heavy snowfall blocked the high mountain passes, trapping the emigrants in a frozen wilderness. Eventually reduced to cannibalism to survive, only 45 of the original 89 emigrants reached California the following year.
唐納之隊最終穿越了瓦扎茨山脈，到達了大鹽湖。黑斯廷斯這條路耗費了他們寶貴的18天時間。不幸的是，困難剛剛開始。這條所謂的通往加利福尼亞的近路浪費了他們很多天的時間，以至於他們翻越內華達山脈的時間被拖到了季末。10月28日，一場大雪阻住了山路，把移民們困在了嚴寒的荒野。最終他們只好互相蠶食以求苟活，89人的移民隊伍最終只剩下45人，於次年抵達加利福尼亞。
