克什米爾語

克什米爾語(英語:Kashmiri / 克什米爾語:कॉशुर )是印度次大陸克什米爾人的語言,是印度憲法承認的語言之一。屬印歐語系、印度語族。使用人口約300萬。它的標準語言形成於14世紀。

基本介紹

  • 中文名:克什米爾語
  • 外文名:Kashmiri language
  • 國家:印度
  • 種族:次大陸克什米爾
詞語解釋,日常用語,

詞語解釋

克什米爾語的音系裡還有印度語言中常見的齒音、齦音和捲舌音的區別,但是濁塞音的送氣音已經消失。例如bat彲(飯),旁遮普語作bh媅tt;d婖d(牛奶),印地語作dūdh;gur(馬),印地語作gho╱a。鼻音有順同化傾向。例如dand(牙齒),來源於[[梵語]] danta,t在n後變成 d;don(攪乳棒),中古雅利安語作 da╯a(杖),╨被鼻音吞沒。 克什米爾語的名詞有主格、對格、奪格和施動格。使用後置詞,如gar╣jas-andar(車房-里)。句子的基本詞序是主語—動詞—賓語,與印度語言的通例(主語—賓語—動詞)不同。它的辭彙來源複雜,有德爾德語、梵語、旁遮普語、波斯語的成分。克什米爾語的傳統文字是沙拉達文;現在通行阿拉伯字母。在印度教徒中,梵文天城體字母也在使用。

日常用語

英語克什米爾語
Hello (General greeting)
Assalām ‘alaikum (>Muslims)
Namaskār (>Hindus)
Halo (inf) आदाब । (aadaab)
How are you?
तोहय छिवा वारय? (tohy ch'ivaa vaarai?)
Reply to 'How are you?'
वारय, शुकिया । त’ तीहय? (vaarai, shukriyaa tiu tohy?)
त्वहि क्या छु नाव? (Twahi kyaa ch'u naav?)
My name is ...
मे छु नाव ... (Me ch'u naav ...)
Where are you from?
शबे खैर । (Tohy katik ch'v?)
I'm from ...
ब’ छुस रीजान ... (biu ch'us rozaan ...) - m
ब’ छस रीजान ... (biu ch'as rozaan)
Pleased to meet you
मे सप’ज़ खोशी त्वहि मीलिध । (Me sapiuz k'oshee twahu meelit')
Good morning
(Morning greeting)
Good afternoon
(Afternoon greeting)
Good evening
(Evening greeting)
शबे खैर । (shabey k'eūr)
Goodbye
(Parting phrases)
Khuda hāfiz (>Muslim) Namaskār (>Hindus)
अलवीदा । (alvidaa)
Good luck!
Cheers! Good Health!
(Toasts used when drinking)
Bon appetit /
Have a nice meal
Bon voyage /
Have a good journey
I understand
ब’ छुस ज़ानान । (biu ch'us zaanaan) - m
ब’ छस ज़ानान । (biu ch'as zaanaan) - f
I don't understand
ब’ छुस न’ ज़ानान । (biu ch'us niu zaanaan) - m
ब’ छस न’ ज़ानान । (biu ch'as niu zaanaan) - f
Mê chunė phikrī tarān
Please speak more slowly
तोहय हेकिवा वार’ वार’ वॅनिव । (tohy hekivaa vaariu vaariu veuniv)
Please say that again
तोहय हेकिवा दुबार’ वॅनिथ । (tohy hekivaa dubaariu veunit')
Please write it down
Do you speak English?
तोहय छिवा अंगरीज़ी बोलान? (tohy chivā angrīzī bolān)
Çė chukhė aņgrīz bolān?
Do you speakKashmiri?
Yes, a little
(reply to 'Do you speak ...?')
How do you say ... inKashmiri
वय त्रॅाविव । (vat' treūviv) -to get past
यपॅारय । (yapeūry) -to get attention
How much is this?
यि का’तिस छु? (yi keūtis ch'u)
माफ कॅरिव । (maap' keuriv)
मेहरबॅानी । (meharbeūnee)
शुकिया / شکریہ (shukriya)
Reply to thank you
Where's the toilet?
टायलेट कति छि? (ṭaaylet kati ch'u!)
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything
Would you like to dance with me?
Go away!
च़ल! (tsa!)
Leave me alone!
मदथ! (madat'!)
Fire!
नार! (naar!)
ठहर! (ṭeuhar!)
Call the police!
बुलॅाविव पुलीस! (buleūviv pulees!)
Christmas and New Year greetings
नवरेह मुबारक / ﻧﻮﺭﻳﮩﮧ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﮎ (navreh mubarak) -Happy New Year
Easter greetings
Birthday greetings
One language is never enough
My hovercraft is full of eels
Why this phrase?

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