賓語複合結構

賓語複合結構

賓語複合結構是英語語法中的一種語法結構,既可用作定語,也可用作狀語

基本介紹

  • 中文名:賓語複合結構
  • 表達式:with+複合賓語
  • 套用學科:英語
  • 適用領域範圍:既可用作定語,也可用作狀語
  • 分類:雙賓語,複合賓語
  • 舉例:With the boy leading the way 
with結構,雙賓語,

with結構

既可用作定語,也可用作狀語
常見的“with +複合賓語”結構主要有以下五種形式:
1)with +賓語+動詞-ing形式
①With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble in getting to the
station.
由這個男孩帶路,我們不難到達了火車站。
②With the wind blowing heavily, we took great trouble to move on to
the front.
由於風颳得很大,我們費力地往前線進發。
2)with +賓語+過去分詞(past participle)
①The child was crying with the glasses broken.
眼鏡破了,那小孩哭了起來。
②With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch.
所有的工作都做完了,他們匆忙回家吃午飯。
3)with +賓語+不定式
①With a lot of work to do, we had to be busy working day and night.
有這么多的工作要做,我們只得日夜忙碌。
②With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the
light music.
有許多事要處理,我只好停止收聽輕音樂。
4)with +賓語+介詞短語
①The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
老師手中拿著一本書走進教室。
②She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both
sides.
她看到一條小河,兩岸長滿了紅花綠草。
5)with +賓語+形容詞(或副詞)
①Don't sleep with the door and windows open.
不要開著門窗睡覺。
②Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.
所有的燈都亮著,天安門廣場顯得更加漂亮。
【注意】“with +複合賓語”在句中既可以用作狀語表示方式或伴隨動作,又可以用作定語。例如:
①The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
老師手裡拿了一本書走進了教室。
②With a boy leading the way, we had little trouble in finding the
old man's house.
一個男孩帶路,我們不難就找到了那位老人的家。
③The teacher with a book in his hand is a new English teacher.
手裡拿著一本書的那位老師是一位新來的英語老師。
④The wounded soldier with an old man leading the way got to the
hospital very soon.
由一位老人帶路的那個傷員很快就到達了醫院。

雙賓語

(1)從動詞上區分。
一些動詞後面常跟雙賓語,這類動詞有give,show,bring,read,pass,lend,tell,leave,teach,write,buy,sing等。例如:
The teacher gives each of them an eraser.老師給他們每人一塊橡皮。
They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他們教我們漢語,我們教他們英語。
The old man told us a story yesterday.那位老人昨天給我們講了一個故事。
一些動詞後面常跟複合賓語,這類動詞有let,see,watch,hear,help,feel,keep,call,make,find,tell,ask,think,want等。例如:
We must keep the classroom clean.我們必須保持教室清潔。
He didn’t let me go.他不讓我走。
They call the bird“Polly”.他們叫這鳥“波利”。
(2)從充當這兩個成分的詞的詞性上來區分。
雙賓語中,能充當間接賓語或是直接賓語的一般是名詞或代詞。而在複合賓語中,能充當賓語補足語成分的則較多,如名詞、形容詞、副詞介詞短語動詞不定式(短語)和分詞(短語)。例如:
She showed us(pron.)a new TV set(n.).(雙賓語
He gave Tom(n.) a piece of paper(n.).(雙賓語
We call him Lao Li(n.).(複合賓語
Don’t keep the light on(adv.).(複合賓語
They must keep their hands behind their backs(介詞短語).(複合賓語
I won’t let you try again(不定式短語).(複合賓語
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed(過去分詞).(複合賓語
(3)從構成賓語的間接賓語直接賓語之間與構成複合賓語的賓語和賓語補足語之間的關係上區分。
雙賓語中,兩個賓語間的關係比較鬆散,有的句子去掉其中一個賓語,句子仍然成立。雙賓語一般表示“為誰(forsb.)或給誰(to sb.)……”,即“及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”的結構可以改寫為“及物動詞+直接賓語+for sb.或to sb.”的結構。例如:
Please show me your new book.→Please show yournew book to me.請給我看看你的新書。
She bought me some tomatoes.→She bought sometomatoes for me.她給我買了一些西紅柿。
賓語和賓語補足語之間關係比較緊密,去掉其中一個成分,句子就不能成立或句意不完整。而且當名詞、形容詞、副詞介詞短語賓語補足語時,和賓語之間具有“主系表關係”;當不定式(短語)或分詞(短語)作賓語補足語時,和賓語之間具有“主謂關係”。例如:
We made Tom monitor.(Tom is monitor.)
We will make our country more beautiful.(Our countrywill be more beautiful.)
You should keep your dog in.(Your dog should be in.)
I found him in Room 201.(He was in Room 201.)
He makes us work ten hours a day.(We work ten hoursa day.)
we heard her singing in the room.(She was singing inthe room.)
表語是出現在表語從句中,例如“ That is what it is. The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 句中is後的whether he is able to do it alone就是表語,is是系動詞。那系動詞還有am,are等。
再舉一些例子。 What I know is that he can‘t do it.我所知道的是他不會做這見事。 It looks as if(though)it is going to rain.天好象要下雨似的。
以it作形式主語,把主語從句後置的常用的句型有:
(1)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句
(2)It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句
(3)It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句
(4)It seem, happen等不及物動詞 + that從句
形式賓語就是它並不是真正的賓語,而是用IT來代替的,為了不使句子有頭重腳輕的感覺,所以賓語後置,但前邊必須加個形式賓語。

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