英語輔導專家賈洪偉老師，針對2010年考研英語英譯漢部分進行分析，2010考研英語英譯漢文章屬環保範疇，摘自利奧波德(Aldo Leopold）於1966年在牛津大學出版出版的《沙鄉年鑑》(A Sand Country Almanac）中的“土地倫理”（The Land Ethics）部分，具體在原書210頁。本題乾中，出題者也是動過“小手術”的，比如：第一段的原文是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin,it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold,fed,eaten,or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community,and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity,they are entitled to continuance。”，經過加工就變成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community,and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity,they are entitled to continuance。”，但在段落上面，基本保持了原來的段落結構。英譯漢線上翻譯
題乾考查的是，將文中5個劃線語句，翻譯成漢語。現就這5個句子，提出我們的參考答案如下：
⒈ Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。
句子結構如下：主幹為Scientist jump to the rescue.，with some distinctly shaky evidence構成jump的伴隨狀語，to the effect that是evidence的同位語從句。對於這個句子的翻譯，真可謂“五花八門”，其中大多都沒有正確理解evidence、effect和後面小句間的關係，就是間或有理解的，漢語的表達也不是很恰當。針對這種情況，我們嘗試重新翻譯一下。
⒉ But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right,regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。
句子結構如下：主幹為We have drawn near the point，此處point既可以當程度，也可以當觀點。當觀點講時，其後的of admitting是介詞短語做定語；當程度講時，of admiiting也作定語，表示人們從不理鳥類生存到承認鳥類生存權的過度。後面的that...是admit的賓語從句，也可以說是觀點“point”的同位語；regardless of ...是作讓步狀語。當程度理解，其譯文如參考譯文，而當觀點講，其譯文就應為：“但我們至少更為認同一種觀點，即承認：不論鳥類能否給我們帶來經濟利益，都應該繼續享有固有的生存權。”
參考答案：但至少我們近乎承認：不論鳥類能否給我們帶來經濟利益，都應該繼續享有固有的生存權。
⒊ Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species。
句子的結構如下：主幹為Time was when ...，when引導表語從句，兩個that從句是evidence的並列同位語從句。注意：overword為“反覆說”、“不斷地說”講。
⒋ In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced,the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason。
句子結構如下：主幹為the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community，where引導定語從句修飾Europe，充當句子的地點狀語，而to be preserved as such,within reason是句子主幹的狀語，其中as such是“同樣”“一樣”的意思，指跟“經濟樹種”比較。
參考譯文：在歐洲，林業生態更加發達，非經濟樹種被視為原始森林群落的一部分，也同樣受到合理保護。
⒌ It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning。
句子結構如下：主幹為It tends to ignore and to eliminate....，兩個that分別作為elements的定語，後者具有轉折關係。翻譯中，特別是翻譯考試中，而且特別是這種劃線語句的翻譯題，翻譯時，一定要把英語句子中的代詞還原，否則譯文沒有上下文，意思就不完整，這也是翻譯題的一個考察點。這句中，涉及到一個it，系前指上文的a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest（一個基於利己利益的保護體制）。此外，還要注意結合語境來理解element的意思，這裡可能已成物種，更好吧？
read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese. your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet2. （10points)?
it is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in european history. history and news become confused,and one''s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. （46）television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in europe.the europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples,their cultures and national identities. with this in mind we can begin to analyze the european television scene. （47） in europe,as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television,radio,newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. one italian example would be the berlusconi group,while abroad maxwell and murdoch come to mind.?
clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. （48）this alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty european television networks,no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
moreover,the integration of the european community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
（49） creating a european identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice—that of producing programs in europe for europe. this entails reducing our dependence on the north american market,whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.?
in order to achieve these objectives,we must concentrate more on co-productions,the exchange of news,documentary services and training. this also involves the agreements between european countries for the creation of a european bank for television production which,on the model of the european investments bank,will handle the finances necessary for production costs. （50） in dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,unity we stand,divided we fall—and if i had to choose a slogan it would be unity in our diversity.a unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.??
⑵單詞如feelings，created“，conveyed和served的詞義比較難確定。從句法上講，該句是由兩個並列句構成的，破折號以前的並列句還包含了一個由by which”引導的定語從句，而且是被動式的句子。在翻譯這個並列句時，考生應首先關注該句的主語一表語結構：television is one of the means“（電視是……手段之一），然後再關注跟在means後面的被動式定語從句。從翻譯技巧上講，英語被動式應儘可能用漢語主動式來翻譯。最後再關注feelings”，created“和conveyed的詞義。feehgs一詞可譯成感情、感覺、感受、情緒、知覺等，究竟應選擇哪個漢語表達最準確，這要看feelings指的是什麼了。該句前面談到……one''s impressions tend to be amixture of skepticism and optimism（在歐洲的這段特殊的歷史時期里，大眾媒體的作用很難談清楚。歷史與新聞混淆在一起，人的印象趨於一種既懷疑又樂觀的感受），因此，這裡的feelings應指感受而非感情。created指引發而非創造（這些感受），conveyed指傳遞而非搬運或轉讓（這些感受）。這個並列句可譯為電視是引發和傳遞這些感受的手段之一.該句的後一個並列句是個倒裝句式neverbeforehasitdone……，關鍵是it指代什麼。從上文看，it指代television（電視）.servesomuchtodosth可譯成在（做）什麼方面發揮如此大的作用.該句可譯為：電視在連結不同民族和國家方面從未發揮過如此大的作用。people加了s之後指民族，nations”指國家。
[分析]難度0.563；區分度0.489.與46和49題相比，該題的難度不大，句子結構相對比較簡單，包含一個主句multi-media groups have been increasing lysuccessful“，主句後跟了個含有兩個定語從句的同位語groups which bring together television，radio，newspapers，magazines and publishingh ouses that work inrelation to oneanother，由which引導的定語從句是用來限定groups的；由that引導的定語從句是進一步說明television”，radio“，newspapers”，magazines和pubiishinghouses的。該句可分成兩部分翻譯。第一部分是冒號以前的主句，multi-mediagroups“要譯成傳媒集團，不可譯成多媒體集團，以免引起歧義。increasingl ysuccessful”可譯為傳媒集團越來越成功.冒號後面的同位語部分可單獨譯成一句話，主語重複這些集團，謂語用定語從句中的謂語bring together（把……組合在一起），譯為這些集團把……組合在一起.由that引導的定語從句這裡可用一個簡單的形容詞相關的來翻譯。
⑴句子結構複雜，該句的主句包含一個賓語從句that the television bus inessis notan easy world to suvivein，一個同位語afact“，一個限定同位語的過去分詞結構，裡面還有一個限定介詞賓語statistics的定語從句：thatshow……，以及動詞show的賓語從句：nolessthan50%tookaloss；
⑴主語因含兩個不同層次的定語從句而變得太長，與謂語is和demands相隔太遠，考生容易混淆；⑵這句話中的許多單詞考生都很熟悉，但這裡的具體詞義卻很難選定，如identity，connectingfabric“，the old continent”等。首先，考生可搭建起該句的基本結構：creatings this no easy task，and demands a choice“（創造……是不容易的事情，需要做出……選擇）。問題在於作主語的動名詞creating後的成分，
這裡包含了兩個不同層次的定語從句：thatrespects……；whichgotomakeup…….只要考生把creating”後的成分及其關係理解清楚並翻譯順當，事情就成功了一大半。考生不妨按照原句的次序先梳理一下思路：要創造出一種歐洲品牌不是件易事-一一這種歐洲品牌尊重不同的文化和傳統一一這些不同的文化和傳統把歐洲大陸編織成一體。按照漢語的行文習慣，英語中後置的定語從句應提前，放在被限定的名詞之前，因此，翻譯時要先把最後部分提前。從詞義層面上講，這句話的難度也很大。如identity一詞，原意為身份、特性、一致、本體、個體，但這些詞義都與原文所包含的意義不大相符。緊接這句話的是：that of producing programs in europe for europe. this entail sreducing our dependence ont he north american market，whose programs relate to experience sandcul tural traditions which are different from our own“（也就是選擇在歐洲為歐洲製作電視節目。減少對北美市場的依賴，因為他們的節目所涉及的體驗和文化傳統與我們自己的大為不同）.由此可見，這裡的europeanidentity指的是一種不同於北美的、代表歐洲特性的標誌，因此譯為品牌比較合適。另外，theoldcontinent特指發現北美新大陸之前的歐洲大陸，因此這裡不宜譯成老大陸，而應明確譯為歐洲大陸.
⑵on such a scale和dealwith的譯法，dealwith可譯成處理應對，on such a scale可譯成如此規模的.另外，過去分詞united和divided 實際上是if we are united和if we are divided的省略，意思是：假如我們聯合，我們就生存；假如我們分裂，我們就滅亡.
英譯漢線上翻譯
