基本介紹
- 中文名：直接引語
- 解釋：講述別人的原話，並放在引號里
- 屬性：名詞
- 用途：語言語法
例句,英語中的直接引語與間接引語,擴展,引語四點變化,
例句
如小明說：“我是一個學生”
以直接引語表達則可以為“小明他說‘我是一個學生’”
以間接引語表達則可以為“小明說他是一個學生”
英語中的直接引語與間接引語
擴展
2、主句謂語為一般現在時，變間接引語時，若主句謂語時態不變仍為一般現在時，從句時態也不變。
3、直接引語有明確表示時間的詞語，變間接引語時，時態不變。
4、若直接引語中含有could,must,should等情態動詞，變間接引語時，時態不變。
5、直接引述別人原話，叫直接引語。
6、用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語。
引語四點變化
I.時態變化
直接引語變為間接引語時，若主句為過去時態，變為間接引語的賓語從句的時態如下表：
直接引語 | 間接引語 |
過去完成時（不變） | |
過去進行時 | 過去進行時（不變） |
can | could |
may | might |
must | must/ had to |
不定式 |
如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。
2時間狀語，地點狀語，指示代詞、動詞
直接引語 | 間接引語 | |
時間狀語 | now 現在 | then 那時；當時 |
時間狀語 | today 今天 | that day 那天 |
時間狀語 | tonight 今晚 | that night 那天晚上 |
時間狀語 | this week 本周 | that week 上周 |
時間狀語 | yesterday 昨天 | the day before前一天 |
時間狀語 | the day before yesterday 前天 | two days before 前兩天 |
時間狀語 | three days ago三天以前 | three days before 前三天 |
時間狀語 | last week 上周 | the last week 前一周 |
時間狀語 | tomorrow 明天 | the next day /the following day第二天 |
時間狀語 | next week 下周 | the next week 第二個星期 |
時間狀語 | next month下個月 | the following month第二個月 |
時間狀語 | this morning這個早晨 | that morning那個早晨 |
時間狀語 | ago/last以前/最後 | before之前 |
指示代詞 | this 這 | that 那 |
指示代詞 | these 這些 | those 那些 |
地點狀語 | here 這裡 | there 那裡 |
動詞 | come 來 | go 去 |
動詞 | bring帶來 | take帶去 |
註：直接引語轉換成間接引語時的變化應視實際情況而定。假如就在當天轉述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改變；如果在當地轉述，here也不必改為there，come也不必改為go。另外，直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。
II.如何變句型
①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。如：
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語如果是反意疑問句、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句.
如：
He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
述句語序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引語如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句，變為間接引語時，通常用“suggest +動名詞（或從句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
⑥直接引語是感嘆句時，間接引語為what 或how 引導，也可以用that 引導。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
III.人稱變化
遵從一主二賓三不變
一主： 從句的第一人稱隨主句的主語變化。
eg： “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
二賓： 從句的第二人稱隨主句的賓語變化。
eg: I often tell him , "You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “
三不變：從句的第三人稱不需要變化。
IV.注意
在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一般不變化。
①直接引語是客觀真理。
②主句謂語為一般現在時，變間接引語時，若主句謂語時態不變仍為一般現在時，從句時態也不變。
③直接引語是一般現在時，且表示反覆出現或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態不變。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
④直接引語為諺語警句或名人名言時，時態不變。
⑤直接引語為客觀事實真理，時態不變，常考的有：
Light travels faster than sound.光速比聲速快。
The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。
The moon goes around the earth.月球繞著地球轉。
