pathos是源自英語的名詞，主要用於描述能夠引發悲傷、同情或憐憫情感的修辭特質。該詞在古希臘修辭學中被定義為情感訴求的三大支柱之一，常與邏輯（logos）、人格（ethos）並列使用。其核心含義既包含藝術作品中使人產生共鳴的悲情力量，也指語言文字中誇大的情感表達傾向。在法語等語言體系中，pathos還被延伸為"浮誇文風"的代名詞，常與抒情性（lyrisme）、誇張（emphase）等概念產生關聯。
基本介紹
- 詞性：名詞
- 發音：英/ˈpeɪθɒs/ 美/ˈpeɪθɑːs/
- 詞源：古希臘語πάθος（情感）
- 近義詞：sadness、tragedy、anguish
- 詞根解析："path"表示"感情、痛苦、病"
- 法語詞性：陽性名詞
詞義解析,用法與例句,修辭學套用,跨語言對比,雙語例句,
詞義解析
pathos包含三重核心語義維度：
- 情感特質：指情景、表演或文本中引發憐憫的藝術感染力，如"影片交織著哀婉與幽默的感染力"
- 情感表達：作為修辭手段，表示刻意營造的悲愴效果，亞里士多德在《修辭學》中將其定義為說服策略的情感維度
- 文體批評：在文學批評語境下，可指過度誇張的情感表達，如法語中"難以忍受的悲愴文筆"的批評用法
用法與例句
在英語使用中：
- 描述藝術作品："The play's final scene achieved remarkable pathos"（該劇終場的哀婉效果令人難忘）
- 表達現實處境："The pathos of homelessness moved the audience"（無家可歸者的困境令聽眾動容）
- 警示過度渲染："Avoid slipping from pathos into sentimentality"（需防止感人變成濫情）
修辭學套用
在古典修辭理論中：
- 西塞羅將其視為說服策略的情感要素
- 現代心理學研究關注其'權力悲愴'的意識形態功能
- 官僚主義理論中探討其形而上的情感結構
跨語言對比
法語體系中的特殊含義：
| 語義差異 | 英語 | 法語 ||---------------|-----------------------------|-----------------------------|| 情感傾向 | 側重自然流露的同情| 強調刻意營造的誇張效果|| 文體評價 | 中性描述藝術感染力| 在法語中常帶負面批評意味|| 詞義擴展 | 保持原初修辭學含義 | 衍生出'誇大的詞藻或情感'的貶義用法|
雙語例句
- The Virgilian echo gives this passage in Milton an unmistakable pathos and an undeniable beauty. 這個維吉爾式的共鳴使彌爾頓的這一段，有了一種一目了然的悲愴和不可否認的絕美
- Moreover pathos is a tide. 況且，憐憫是一種浪潮。
- And make people feel infinite pathos. 讓人無限哀婉。
- There is abundant pathos in her words. 她的話非常哀婉動人。
- What about human pathos and compassion? 人類的憐憫與慈悲呢？
- What unutterable pathos was in his voice! 他的聲音里有著多么難以形容的哀愁
- Not flow to small and small moving pathos. 不要流於小感傷和小感動。
- He had hearty distaste for songs of pathos. 他極不愛聽感傷歌曲。
- She told me stories filled with longing and pathos. 她給我講那充滿渴望的淒婉的故事。
- Please give me a piano, let me perform as heart pathos. 請給莪一台鋼琴，讓莪演繹盡心中的悲情。
- As she sat in church her face had a pathos and poignancy. 當她坐在教堂里時，臉上帶著一種哀婉和辛辣的表情。
- That must have been a moment full of exaltation and pathos. 那一定是充滿興奮和悲傷的時刻。
- In the weeping of Joseph, we can hear the pathos of Messiah. 在哭泣的約瑟夫，我們能聽到的感傷的彌賽亞。
- So this time my spirit is a bit of happy, a bit of pathos and so on. 所以，此刻，我的心情是有點開心又有點感傷等各種心緒混合一起的。
- A companion would have been a distraction, diluting the pathos of the moment. 要是有一個伴侶在旁就會分散我的注意，沖淡此時此刻的哀婉之情。
- "I wish I could love," cried derian gray with a deep note of pathos in his voice. “我希望自己能愛。”道林格雷用低沉哀怨的聲音叫道。
- It is the story of human comedy in the face of pathos hidden in the guise of glory. 這是關於面對隱藏在榮耀外表下的痛苦的人性喜劇的故事。
- So, the flipside of loss or pathos can be a freshness of vision or a change of perspective. 因此，遺失與痛苦可能帶來視覺的衝擊和觀點的改變。
- I waited and waited for you, 'she went on, her tones suddenly resuming their old fluty pathos. “我等你等了又等。”她繼續說，說話的時候又突然恢復了從前的淒婉音調。
- Very few failed to succumb to this delightful young man so full of the pathos of that uniform. 大多數人都對這個穿軍服的愉快的小伙子那豐富的哀婉情調大加讚嘆。
- It had murmured to her 'Pathos, piety, courage - they exist, but are identical, and so is filth. 它低聲向她說著悲傷、虔誠、勇氣——它們存在，但是都是一樣的，所以都是污穢。
- But is it really legitimate to pour on the pathos and play on the jurors emotions in such a way? 但是，以這樣一種方式去渲染痛苦煽動陪審員的情緒真的合乎情理嗎？
- And this kind of sadness and pathos is collectively embodied in the character of "the unwanted". 而這種“憂抑感傷”，集中地體現在其筆下的“零餘者”身上。
- The textual rhetoricity is in close relation to the logos, pathos and ethos in classical rhetoric. 語篇的修辭性與古典修辭學理性訴求、情感訴求、品格訴求緊密相關。
- But "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" discovers a new emotion: what you'd have to call interspecies pathos. 而《人猿星球的興起》則揭示了一種新的感情：物種間的同情愛憐
- His father watched him across the gulf of years and pathos which always must divide a father from his son. 他父親看著他跨過了漫漫歲月和悠悠哀愁的鴻溝——那一條必然會割斷父子之情的鴻溝。
- The real pathos of "The Road" is the relationship between the Man and the Boy, but it never resonates here. 真正令人感傷的（在“末路危途“中）是男人與男孩之間的關係，但在這裡從未產生過共鳴。
- It was played on a stage erected on our roof-terrace, and the audience seemed profoundly moved by its pathos. 這齣劇在我家屋頂涼台上搭建的舞台上演出，觀眾看起來頗為劇中的悲苦所感動。
- What a world of pathos in this： A barren room，illkempt children，a worn out patient wife，a dissolute husband，and weak． 一個何等沮喪的情景：空蕩蕩的屋子，髒兮兮的孩子，精疲力竭逆來順受的妻子，自甘墮落的丈夫，還十分虛弱。
