overweening

overweening

overweening是一個英語形容詞,主要用於名詞前,帶有正式語體色彩,常表達對過度驕傲或自負態度的不贊同。其英式發音為/ˌəʊ.vəˈwiː.nɪŋ/,美式發音為/ˌoʊ.vɚˈwiː.nɪŋ/。該詞既可描述人物性格中的傲慢(如"overweening arrogance"),也可修飾抽象概念(如"overweening ambition"),強調超出合理範圍的自信或野心。

詞源可追溯至14世紀,由前綴"over-"與古英語"wēnan"(意為“認為”)組合演變而來。其副詞形式為overweeningly,名詞形式為overweeningness。

基本介紹

  • 詞性:形容詞
  • 詞源時間:14世紀 
  • 詞形變化:overweeningly(副詞)  
  • 同義詞:arrogant、haughty  
  • 反義詞:modest、timid  
  • 語體色彩:正式、含貶義  
詞義解析,詞源與發展,辭彙用法,同義詞與反義詞,語料實例,雙語例句,

詞義解析

overweening的核心含義為“不受約束的傲慢或過度”,具體包括:
  1. 形容人時,指“自負的、傲慢的”(如"a witty but overweening manner");
  2. 修飾抽象概念時,指“過分的、不合理的”(如"overweening greed")。

詞源與發展

該詞源於中古英語,由over-(表示“超過”)與古英語wēnan(意為“認為”)複合而成,最初指“自視過高”。至14世紀,詞義擴展至包含“過度”的抽象含義。

辭彙用法

  • 句法特徵:通常置於名詞前作定語(如"overweening pride"),較少單獨作表語;
  • 語用限制:多用於正式語境,且隱含批評態度(如描述"overweening presidential powers");
  • 典型搭配:
  • 與負面特質關聯:vanity(虛榮)、greed(貪婪);
  • 與權力相關:overweening ambition(過分的野心)、overweening presidential powers(傲慢的總統權力)。

同義詞與反義詞

| 類型 | 示例辭彙 | 語義差異 ||------------|------------------------------|------------------------------|| 同義詞| arrogant、presumptuous| 側重主觀優越感|| 近義詞| uppity、boastful| 隱含冒犯性或不成熟特質 || 反義詞| modest、humble| 強調謙遜或克制|

語料實例

  • 文學例句:"No idea how overweening he would be"(未料到他竟如此傲慢);
  • 政治語境:"Overweening presidential powers"(截至2025年);
  • 社會批評:"An overweening preoccupation with capital"(對資本的過度關注)。

雙語例句

  • "Your modesty is a cover for your overweening conceit," she said. “你用謙遜的外表掩飾自負的內心,”她說。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
  • Heaven and earth, overweening. 天上地下,唯我獨尊
  • I agree. He is always overweening when he talks. 便是,他說話時老是目空一切。
  • The overweening enemy will soon learn this to his cost. 關於這一點,傲視一切敵人不久就要得到慘痛的教訓。
  • The fate of pulling date rings, pretend overweening sophisticated. ⊙、命運拉扯著年月的年輪,佯裝惟我獨尊的老練
  • Of course, such an overweening purpose did not develop all at once. 當然,如此自負的目的並非一蹴而就。
  • An overweening public sector has stifled growth in jobs in service industries. 自負的公共部門已經妨礙了服務業崗位的增長。
  • The proud and arrogant man - "Mocker" is his name; he behaves with overweening pride. 心驕氣傲的人,名叫褻慢,他行事狂妄,都出於驕傲。
  • No: England had no need of an national stadium, just a huge, overweening desire for one. 不:英格蘭隊不需要一個專門的國家隊比賽場,只是某些驕傲自負的虛榮心需要它。
  • Where, though, was the contemporary Ozymandias, that shattered monster in the sand, that man of overweening pride and ruler of the world? 但是,那個當代的奧西曼迭斯在哪裡,那個沙漠中破碎的怪物在那裡,那個唯我獨尊,統治世界的人在哪裡?
  • I did it in my way, but he thought a different explanation would fit better. My overweening conceit made me stick to my guns and argue the point with him at length. 但他認為另一種解釋會更確切些,我過度的自矜使我堅持和他爭辯到底。
  • It is the overweening arrogance that the early British colonizers represent themselves in their imperial literature, while the resistance of the Colonial Other's is totally ignored. 英國早期的帝國文本一味體現白人種族的優越和不可一世,而漠視殖民他者的牴觸和呼聲。
  • Others may fall around us like leaves, or be mowed down by the scythe of Time like grass: these are but metaphors to the unreflecting, buoyant ears and overweening presumption of youth. 有些人會是我們身邊的落葉或是像被時間的鐮刀剷除的雜草。這些不僅僅是比喻,而是對那些膚淺,大腦空洞,自負的年輕人的預告。

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