disputation

disputation是英語名詞，表示在正式場合下對某一命題或問題的嚴肅爭論或辯論，常見於宗教、法律、哲學等領域。其複數形式為“disputations”，發音包含英式（/ˌdɪs.pjuˈteɪ.ʃən/）和美式（/ˌdɪs.pjuːˈteɪ.ʃən/）兩種。該詞在中文中譯為“（嚴肅的）爭論”或“辯論”，其他語言如西班牙語、葡萄牙語等均有對應表達。

基本介紹

• 詞性：名詞
• 詞形變化：複數 disputations 
• 發音：英式 /ˌdɪs.pjuˈteɪ.ʃən/；美式 /ˌdɪs.pjuːˈteɪ.ʃən/   
• 語體：正式用語   
• 中文翻譯：（嚴肅的）爭論；辯論   
• 多語言翻譯：西班牙語“polémicas/disputa”、馬來語“perbahasan”   

釋義與用法

disputation指圍繞特定命題或觀點展開的正式辯論行為，通常涉及系統性陳述與反駁。其核心含義包括：

1. 爭議性討論：針對未達成共識的議題進行爭論，例如法律或宗教領域的爭議^。
2. 言語行為：帶有強烈分歧的言語互動，可能伴隨邏輯推理或投票表決^。

發音與拼寫

• 英式發音：/ˌdɪs.pjuˈteɪ.ʃən/，重音在第三音節^。
• 美式發音：/ˌdɪs.pjuːˈteɪ.ʃən/，尾音拉長且強調“puː”部分^。
• 拼寫注意：該詞拼寫包含詞根“dispute”，後綴“-ation”表示名詞化^。

語法特徵

1. 不可數名詞：泛指爭論行為時不可數（如“a matter of disputation”）^。
2. 可數名詞：指具體辯論事件時可用複數形式（如“many disputations”）^。

實際套用場景

• 法律領域：用於描述司法程式中的爭議，例如“有關行政程式法典化的各種爭論”^。
• 學術領域：常見於哲學或神學命題的正式辯論，如“聖禮的爭辯”（Disputation of the Sacrament）^。
• 區域合作：在環渤海地區等區域治理中，該詞可指代通過行政協定解決爭端的機制^。

多語言對照

除中文翻譯外，該詞在其他語言中的對應表達包括：

• 西班牙語：polémicas/disputa/diputas^
• 葡萄牙語：discussão^
• 泰語：การอภิปราย（正式辯論）^
• 越南語：tranh luận（爭論）^

雙語例句

• After much legal disputation our right to resign was established. 在經歷了多場法律上的爭論後，我們的辭職權終於得以成立。
• Formal disputation of such an issue. 關於這種論題的正式辯論。
• It is a matter of disputation whether they did the right thing. 他們做得對還是錯，這是爭議之處。
• Since its beginning, fuzzy control system has been a field filled with disputation . 從開始到現在，模糊控制一直是一個充滿爭議的領域。
• Any disputation cause by this compact, first party would entrust local court to settle. 因本協定引的任何爭議，均提請甲方所在地法院處理。
• When the misconduct cause disputation and loss, the authors respond the charge of victim. 這種行為造成的糾紛和損失，受害人起訴時由作者應訴。
• There has been a disputation among critics about whether Jane Austencan be regarded as a feminist. 對於簡•奧斯丁是否是女性主義者的問題，評論界一直存有爭議。
• The paper discusses on the legal applicability and responsibility about disputation on tourist contracts. 本文就旅遊契約糾紛的法律適用與旅遊契約責任做一探討。
• Such things are beyond all human understanding and no reason or disputation can fathom the judgments of God. 這樣的事，超過人的智力，人的明悟萬萬不能查究天主的判斷。
• Luzhou bequests disputation was only with the very simple fact, and the legal application was also very clear too. 瀘州遺贈糾紛案本來只是一起事實十分簡單，適用法律也十分明確的遺產繼承糾紛案件。
• Whatever talent i have as a debater must have been acquired from my father, from his love of argument and disputation . 我如果在進行辯論方面有任何才能，想必也是從我父親那裡，從他對辯論和爭論的愛好中學來的。
• XUN Zi, with "Name"as the core, establishes a logical thought system of rectifying name with name, phraseology and disputation. 荀子以“名”為核心，構建了一個比較完整的名、辭、辯說的正名邏輯思想體系。
• Toward the end of the disputation, Luther offered some theses which seem (in typical Luther fashion) nonsensical, or at least obscure. 在辯論快要結束時，路德提出了一些(路德式)的議題，這些議題看起來似乎是荒謬、曖昧難解的。
• Today, although ESOP has become an important model of enterprises property arrangement, it is a matter of disputation for a long time. 目前員工持股制度已經成為一種重要的企業產權安排的模式，然而對其有效性的爭論也由來已久。
• The disputation between scientism and Chinese medicine embodies the traditional cultural barrier to scientization of Chinese medicine. 而科學主義與中醫存廢之爭則體現了中醫科學化的企圖受到了傳統文化的抵制。
• In this paper, the origin of disputation on the Yangtze Gorge project and several different Points of view have been analysed in detail. 論文對三峽工程爭論的由來，爭論的幾種不同觀點作了詳細的分析。
• OBJECTIVE: To introduce the mental model theory and probabilistic theory with their disputation and tradeoff in conditional inference domain. 目的：介紹條件推理領域心理模型理論與機率理論以及它們之間的爭論與融合。
• Retinal vein occlusion is affected by multiple factors, and there are lots of misunderstanding and disputation on the diagnosis and treatment. 視網膜靜脈阻塞是一種受多種因素影響的疾病，其診斷治療上存在大量的爭議和誤區。
• Since 2002 Japanese Chancellor started revolt about RMB rate of exchange problem, the disputation concerning revalue of RMB rate of exchange is increasing. 自從2002年日本財政大臣鹽川對人民幣匯率問題發難以來，關於人民幣匯率升值的爭論此起彼伏，高潮迭起。
• At present, the treatment way of the environmental civil disputation of our country is consulting, mediating and lawsuits mainly, which has certain defects separately. 目前，我國環境民事糾紛的處理方式主要有協商、調解和訴訟三種方式，這幾種方式分別存在著一定的缺陷。
• The logical problem in second language acquisition originates from that in first language acquisition and causes much disputation in the field of language acquisition. 二語習得的邏輯問題是由母語習得的邏輯問題引發的，在語言習得領域爭議較大。
• Literal translation or liberal translation and alienation or domestication have long been the focus of disputation in both translation theory and translation practice. 直譯與意譯和異化或歸化一直是翻譯研究與實踐中學者們爭論的焦點之一。
• When the punitive parent is critical in a negative sense towards the patient, the accent of the disputation should lie in pointing out the parent ' s own failings and rigidity. 當懲罰性父母以消極的感受吹毛求疵的針對患者時，爭議的重點應該放在指出家長自身的缺點和死板。
• As we know, Literal translation or liberal translation and alienation or domestication has long been the focus of disputation in both translation theory and translation practice. 眾所周知，直譯或意譯和異化或歸化一直是翻譯研究與翻譯實踐中學者們爭論的焦點之一。
• STUDY SELECTION: in the first trial, the papers which wholly introduced the mental model theory and probabilistic theory were chosen, especially mentioned their disputation and tradeoff. 資料選擇：對資料進行初審，選擇全面介紹模型理論和機率理論的文獻查找全文。特別是提到了它們之間的爭論與融合的文獻。
• Nevertheless, for a long time in history, there have been disputation and divergence towards whether judges should have the discretion, and the ways and basis of executing discretion, etc. 但在歷史上長期以來對法官是否享有自由裁量權、法官行使裁量權力的方式及其依據等多方面存在爭議和分歧；
• As to this practice, and regarding the relevant conciliation system of environmental disputation of Korea as a practical system, we may find certain tips to the set-up of such system in China. 而韓國的環境糾紛調停製度作為訴訟外解決環境糾紛的一種制度實踐，將對我國相關制度的建立提供有益的借鑑模式。