語法規則,舉例說明,
語法規則
一般現、過用be done，be有人稱、時、數變。
現在完成時態have done，被動將been加中間。
過去完成時態had done,被動將been加中間。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done。
將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing。
現在完成進行同，have (has) been doing。
現、過進行be doing, 被動be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。
否定助後加not，疑問一助置主前。
主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。
一般情助加be done，雙賓多將間賓變。
複合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應變。
第二句"be有人稱、時、數變"即be有人稱、時態和單、複數的變化。"情助"是指情態動詞和助動詞must, may, can, shall, will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。"疑問一助置主前"是說有兩個助動詞的話，應把主語放在第一助動詞之後或把第一助動詞置於主語之前。
舉例說明
一般現、過用be done, be有人稱、時、數變
例：主動：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
被動：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。
主動：People regard him as brilliant.
被動：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人們認為他很有才華。
以上兩例都是一般時態用be done的例子，be有人稱、時、數變，第三人稱foreign friends是複數，時態一般過去時，所以"be done"就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被動後的"be done"就變成單數第三人稱is regarded的形式了。
被動: This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般過去時的被動態)
這篇講演是王的發言。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.
邊境發生嚴重列車事故，二人死亡，十二人受傷。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不諱的人才是真正誠實的人。
A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 喬治被選為班長而代替了亨利。
Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述為活的，沉睡著的，或者死的。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 這位戰士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被認為很聰明但不誠實。
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美國的第一個動物園是1874年建立的。
Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands, and children from their parents. 家庭被拆散，妻兒被奪走。
The information is urgently needed. 急需這個資料。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多數環境污染問題的存在，是因為過去沒有採取適當的保護措施。
完成時態have done，被動將been加中間。
(過去完成時had done也包括在內)。
例：主動：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被動：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. (have隨新主語變為has)
我們已經在夜校里斷斷續續地學了三年英語了。
主動: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被動: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.
到去年年底我們已生產出一百台拖拉機。
主動：They have set up a power station in their home town.
被動：A power station has been set up in their home town.
他們的家鄉建立了一座發電站。
主動：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被動：We have been warned to be careful of rats.
他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。
主動：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被動: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.
人們把裝滿垃圾的塑膠袋子堆放在街上。
主動：We have used nuclear energy to produce ekectricity.
被動：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.
核能已用來發電。
主動: No one has ever beaten him at tennis.
被動：He has never been beaten at tennis.
就網球來說還沒有人是他的對手。
(No one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講)
The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.
有槍的人會極力否認他開了槍。但是任何看到槍煙(槍冒的煙)的人都會知道剛才開了槍。
Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Danel. 今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和丹尼爾結婚。
The subject of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題目。
過去完成時也是一樣：
主動: Somenody had cleaned my shoes.
被動: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.
有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。
When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".
被動：...my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that ... it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".
當我回來時，發現我的車被弄走了。我問他們為啥這么於。他們告訴我說因為我把車於停在"禁止停車"的禁區。
主動: They had build three ships by last December.
被動: By last December three ships had been build by them.
到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。
Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created. 合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進天然建築材料上。
He did not say if all those steel pipes had been examined. 他並沒有說那些鋼管都檢驗過沒有。
After plastic had been created, engineers were given a much wide choice of materials. 塑膠發明之後，工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。
一般將來shall (will) do，被動變do為be done
即由shall do或will do變為shall done或will be done。
例：主動: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被動：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
過年我市將建立幾座大型現代化的發電廠。
(shall do中的shall要隨新主語變為will, do為be done.)
王動：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被動：My second boy will be sent to school next September.
過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。
主動：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.
被動：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers.
設法騙錢的商人和騙子們將通過把"鉛磚"外面鍍上一層金來做這樣的"金磚"。
主動：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被動: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.
他們將問你許多怪題。
被動句中的by引出的賓語，一般說來，如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等，均可省略，some one no one不由by來引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當今英語也都可省略了。
主動：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.
被動：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.
中國人民在將來將進行更多的空間探索。
同樣
After a period of use, the batteries should be shanged. 電池使用一段時間後，應該更換。
Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time. 通常是晝夜供電，明天白天將停電。
More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在將來會發現更多的和平利用核爆炸的途徑。
More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 從現在起要使這些奇蹟在短時間內成為現實還需要做更多的艱苦工作。
make...come true 使……成為事實; come true做賓補(見感使動詞口訣)。
The machine will not be used again. 這機器不能再用了。
Will more gas be needed? 需要更多的煤氣嗎?
但如果是一般過去將來時如何處理呢？請記下面口訣：
一般過去將來時，過去某時將發生。
主動should (would) do，被動be done代原形。
將來進行無被動，現在完成進行同。
主動：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.
被動：...whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.
幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否提前執行新的計畫。
主動：I did not say that we would change the eauipment.
被動：I did not say that the equipment would be changed.
我並沒說過，我們將換掉那台設備。
主動：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.
被動：My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.
幾天前，我的導師說他將對我進行個別輔導。
主動: I never thought that be would bring me the information so early.
被動：I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early.
我決沒想到他那么早就會把資料帶給我。
將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing,
現在完成進行同．have (has) been doing,
即將來進行時表示動作在將來某一時刻或某個階段正在進行'現在完成進行時表示某-行為發生在過去．延續到現在，可能還要延續下去。兩種時態則不用被動語態。
例；We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (將來進行時) 我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來檢查這台設備。
In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (將來進行時) 幾分鐘後我們的客機將在同溫層中飛行。
We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我們希望科學家們將發掘新的能源來滿足能量的需要。(將來進行時)
What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你將做什麼?（將來進行時)
I have been living in Anshan Since 1980．(現在完成進行時) 1980年以來，我一直住在鞍山。
How long have you been studying English? 你學英語多久了?(現在完成進行時)
We have been waiting at the airport for the whole day becayse of the thick fog. 由於大霧，我們已經在機場等了一整天了。 (現在完成進行時)
Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronony. 從那時以來，套用數學家成功地處理了許多天文學上的問題。
(現在完成進行時)以上均無被動態。
現、過進行be doing，被動be加being done
即現在進行時或過去進行時都是be的人稱、時和數的形式加doing。而被動態則是be加上being done的形式，being是不變的。現在進行時和過去進行時的被動態是被動態個的重點，容易搞錯。例如：
主動：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.
被動：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.
工人們正在維修東北工學院主樓。
Two reserviors are being built at the same time. 兩座水庫同時建造。
The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委員會的委員們正在考慮那個棘手的問題，
Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas. 設備和食品正在空運到災區。
The buildong of another fly-over is being planned. 他們在計畫修建另一座跨線橋。
We coudld not get through because the February 19th Road was being repaired. 我們過不去，因二.一九路正維修呢。
