美式烹飪

美式烹飪

傳統意義上的美式食品,包括了歐式主食,如以小麥麵粉做的麵包、意粉和糕點、奶類製品、家禽、豬肉、牛肉和海產品。傳統美式食品還引入了原產於美洲大陸或後來引種到歐洲的農產品,如馬鈴薯、玉米、南瓜西葫蘆、番薯和花生等。來自歐洲和亞洲的移民為美式食品加入了更多的變化與風味。自此,美式烹飪不僅用傳統的方法來烹調這些外來菜式,更對這些菜式進行改良,將美國本土風味融入其中。

基本介紹

  • 中文名:美式烹飪
  • 類型:專業
  • 主幹學科:烹調工藝學
  • 主幹課程:烹飪原料學
簡介,烹飪方法,美式食品,英語介紹,培養目標,培養規格,主幹學科,主幹課程,

簡介

提起美式飲食,老廣州大概不以為然:不就是漢堡包炸薯條、軟飲料之類的快餐食品嗎?實際上美國的飲食文化也挺豐富多彩的。近日,在廣州舉行的一次美國美食推介活動上,食客對美國飲食文化有了深入了解。

烹飪方法

由於農產品產地的不同和當地移民生活習慣的差異,美國南部地區的家庭式烹飪方法,與北部新英格蘭地區或中西部的煮食方法都有所不同。路易斯安那州以法式卡真風味而聞名,威斯康星州的啤酒、乳酪和香腸頗受歡迎;新墨西哥州有獨特的德州風味;而舊金山則有融合了亞洲、美式和傳統的歐式烹飪方法的大陸菜式。
發展至今,美國的飲食越來越多元,印尼沙爹頭盤、中式蛋花湯、中東小米伴烤牛排芒果糯米甜點、牛油果海鮮沙拉……都紛紛成為盤中美食。

美式食品

下面,來看看中國大酒店凌宵閣扒房師傅的心水推介。
開心果布甸:進口開心果粒配上濃郁的朱古力漿,味道香甜可口。上面的抽象圖形的焦糖裝飾,讓你可以過過口癮。
◆燒美國豬扒:主要講究火候,燒烤之前切開幾個刀口,讓汁醬入味,外焦內嫩,有意想不到的新鮮味道。  ◆檸檬梳夫里:多種水果裝飾、兩種汁醬都很美味,出色之處在於以往常見的小柑桔,酸甜有益。
◆蘋果派:造型做工精巧,內餡和外皮全是用蘋果所做,配上多種水果。
◆美式燒雞槌:只用美國飼養的冰鮮雞腿為原料,比國內的雞腿要大,外面香脆,吃起來啖啖肉。

英語介紹

At a local supermarket, two women push half-filled grocery carts. The ladies are good friends, but they couldn't be more different. One is a stay-at-home housewife who loves to create culinary masterpieces from scratch. The other is a training supervisor at a prestigious advertising agency. Household chores, particularly those in the kitchen, are not her idea of fun. The two ladies stop for a moment in the frozen foods section. "I'm so tired," sighs the professional woman. "I don't know what to do about supper." Her friend suggests, "What about a microwave dinner?" The weary professional sighs, "No, I don't feel like cooking tonight."
在一間本地的超市里,兩位女士推著半滿的購物車。這兩位女士是好朋友,但兩人之間的差異是大得不能再大了。一位是持家的主婦,她喜歡大展廚藝,從全生的作料,一步一步創造佳肴傑作。另一位是在一家頗具聲望的廣告公司任職人事訓練主管。家務瑣事,特別是廚房事,並非她樂趣所在。二位女士在冷凍食物區前停了一會兒。職業婦女嘆道:「我好累,我不知晚餐要作什麼好。」她的朋友建議說:「何不來一頓微波爐晚餐。」這位疲憊的職業婦女又嘆道:「不,我今晚不想作飯。」
If you think American cooking means opening a package and tossing the contents into the microwave, think again. On the one hand, it's true that Americans thrive on cold cereal for breakfast, sandwiches for lunch and instant dinners. From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of cooking skills. Parents-especially mothers-see the importance of training their children-especially daughters-in the culinary arts. Most Americans will admit that there's nothing better than a good home-cooked meal. But with cooking, as with any other skill, good results don't happen by accident.
假如您以為美式烹飪就是打開一個料理盒而將裡頭的東西拋進微波爐加熱,那你得改變想法了。從某一方面來說,美國人以早餐的冷麥片,午餐的三明治及快餐晚餐而發育健壯,這倒是真的。從忙碌的家庭主婦到上班族,許多美國人喜歡享受事先包裝好的便餐所帶來的方便,這些速餐在不到10分鐘內就可上桌。從另一個角度來看,許多美國人都認同廚藝的價值。父母親--特別是媽媽看到訓練孩子,尤其是女兒,烹飪藝術的重要性。大多數的美國人都承認沒有什麼比得上一頓自家做的餐點。而談到烹飪,一如其它的技巧,好的成果並非偶然天成的。
Probably every cook has his or her own cooking style. But there are some basic techniques and principles that most people follow. For example, baking is a primary method of preparing food in America. The dinner menu often has casseroles, roast meats and other baked goods. For that reason, Americans would find it next to impossible to live without an oven. American cooks give special attention to the balance of foods, too. In planning a big meal they try to include a meat, a few vegetables, some bread or pasta and often a dessert. They also like to make sure the meal is colorful. Having several different colors of food on the plate usually makes for a healthy meal.
大概每一位廚師都有他自己的烹飪方式。但仍有一些基本方法和原則是大多數的人遵行的。例如,烘培在美國是烹飪的一種主要方法,晚餐選單上通常有「焗烤菜」,烤肉及其它的烘培食物。因此,美國人會覺得沒有烤箱幾乎是無法過活。美國廚師們也特別留意食物的均衡。在計畫一頓大餐時,他們會試著加入肉,幾樣蔬菜,一些麵包或麵食,而且通常有甜點。他們也喜歡使餐點色彩亮麗。若盤中有不同色彩的食物,通常令人覺得是健康的一餐。
For those who need guidance in their cooking, or for those who have just run out of ideas, recipes are lifesavers. Recipes list all the ingredients for a dish (generally in the order used), the amount of each to use, and a description of how to put them together. Finding recipes in America is as easy as pie. Most good cooks have a shelf full of cookbooks ranging from locally published recipe collections to national bestsellers like the Betty Crocker Cookbook. Magazines devoted to home management, such as Good Housekeeping and Family Circle, are chock-full of scrumptious selections. Friends often augment their recipe collection by passing around their favorites written on cards.
對於那些在烹飪方面需要指導、或已江郎才盡的人,食譜就是救星。食譜列出做每一道菜所需要的所有材料(通常是依照使用的順序列出),每一種的用量以及如何將它們搭配的說明。在美國尋找食譜可謂易如反掌。大多數的好廚師們都有一架子的食譜,從本地出版的各式食譜到像「蓓蒂?克勞克」的全國暢銷食譜。一般理家雜誌,如「好管家」及「家庭圈」都滿滿地刊載很多美味的精選食譜。朋友們經常把自己最愛的食譜寫在卡片上,相互傳閱,來增加自己的食譜收藏。
For experienced cooks, true artists that they are, recipes are merely reference points. They often make adjustments as they go along, depending on the quantity of people they need to serve, the ingredients they have available and their personal taste. Some cooks use recipes very little, preferring instead to depend on their intuition as they add a pinch of this and a dash of that to create just the right flavors.
對於經驗豐富的廚師,他們是真正的藝術家,食譜僅僅是作為參考,他們常常一邊做菜,一邊依照他們宴請的人數,現有的作料以及個人的口味,來調整食譜。有些廚師們很少參照食譜,反而比較喜歡憑自己的直覺加一點這個,加一點那個,來作出剛好的味道。
Of course, Americans don't have a corner on the market when it comes to good cooking. Wherever you go in the world, people love to eat. As a result, every culture and nationality has its own share of mouth-watering delicacies. And America, as a "land of immigrants," has imported practically all varieties of cooking. Most good cooks in America are "fluent" in several cooking "dialects": Mexican, Italian, Chinese and good old American style, just to name a few. But whatever the dialect, cooking is a language everyone understands.
當然,談到好廚藝,美國人並非獨占鰲頭,無論您到世界何處,人們總是愛吃。所以,每一個文化及國家都有它特有的、令人垂涎三尺的佳肴。而美國,這個「移民之地」實際上也引進了各式的烹調。在美國大多數的名廚對於幾種烹飪「方言」都很「流利」。隨便舉幾個例子:墨西哥、義大利、中國以及傳統美國風味。且不論那一種「方言」,烹飪是一種人人皆懂的語言。

培養目標

本專業培養具有熟練的烹飪工藝實踐技藝、寬厚的烹飪科學理論以及相應的餐飲管理知識與行銷業務能力的高級職業技術人才。能從事大、中型飯店及集團餐飲部門的技術及管理工作,也可在中、高等烹飪學校或相關科研部門從事教學、科研工作。

培養規格

1. 系統地掌握烹飪科學理論,具有熟練的烹飪工藝技能,具備一定的餐飲管理知識。畢業時,本專業畢業生能綜合運用所學的基本理論與實踐技能,達到中級及以上烹調師水平,取得中級及以上烹調師職業資格證書。學生在校期間還可根據需要獲得餐飲業職業經理人、營養配餐師、調酒師、麵點師和西餐烹調師等多項職業資格證書。
2. 重視英語的讀、寫、聽、說能力培養,要求能藉助工具書閱讀本專業的外文書刊,並具有一定專業英語會話能力,畢業時達到學校要求的英語水平。
3. 具有一定的計算機套用能力。有獨立獲取知識和信息的能力,了解本學科的發展趨勢。
4. 採用分模組培養方式,通過兩年的專業基礎學習後,學生可根據自己的興趣愛好選擇適應自己的專業方向,一經選定後,必須在該模組中修滿規定的學分數,方可選擇其他模組的課程。畢業時,分別獲得中級中式烹調師、餐飲業職業經理人、麵點師和西餐烹調師等職業資格證書。
5. 掌握科學鍛鍊身體的基本技能與知識,養成自覺鍛鍊身體的習慣,在校期間應達到國家規定的大學生體育合格標準,具有健康的體魄。

主幹學科

烹調工藝學、烹飪營養學、現代廚房管理

主幹課程

烹飪原料學、食品衛生與安全、烹飪營養學、美國飲食保健學、烹調工藝學、麵點工藝學、江蘇名點、江蘇名菜、中國名菜、管理學原理、餐飲管理與實務。

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