危險性描述（Risk codes）又稱危險代碼。許多國家提供的化學品數據表含有標誌某種“危險信息”的代碼，比如R23、R45 等。這些危險信息代碼告訴使用者如何取用和存放這些化學試劑。
基本介紹
- 中文名：危險性描述
- 外文名：Risk Codes
- 適用領域：化學
- 適用性：全球通用
概念,單一描述代碼,複合描述代碼,
概念
危險性描述是一個集合概念，一種化學品可以含有多個危險性描述。與危險性描述相關的還有安全性描述。
單一描述代碼
這些代碼都只有一個數字標識，表示一種獨立的危險性。
| 危險代碼 | 代碼意義 |
|---|---|
R01 | Explosive when dry. 乾燥時有爆炸性。 |
R02 | |
R03 | Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition. 受衝擊、摩擦、著火或其他引燃源有極高爆炸危險。 |
R04 | Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds. 生成極敏感的爆炸性金屬化合物。 |
R05 | Heating may cause an explosion. 受熱可能引起爆炸。 |
R06 | Explosive with or without contact with air. 與空氣或未與空氣接觸發生爆炸。 |
R07 | May cause fire. 可能引起火災。 |
R08 | Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 與可燃物料接觸可能引起火災。 |
R09 | Explosive when mixed with combustible material. 與可燃物料混合時發生爆炸。 |
R10 | Flammable. 易燃的。 |
R11 | Highly flammable. 高度易燃的。 |
R12 | Extremely flammable. 極易燃的。 |
R13 | Extremely flammableliquefiedgas. 極端易燃的液化氣體。 |
R14 | Reacts violently with water. 與水猛烈反應。 |
R15 | Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. 與水接觸釋放出極易燃氣體。 |
R16 | Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances. 與氧化性物質混合時發生爆炸。 |
R17 | Spontaneously flammable in air. 在空氣中易自燃。 |
R18 | In use, may form flammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. 使用中可能形成易燃/爆炸性蒸氣空氣混合物。 |
R19 | May form explosive peroxides. 可能生成爆炸性過氧化物。 |
R20 | Harmful by inhalation. 吸入有害。 |
R21 | Harmful in contact with skin. 與皮膚接觸是有害的。 |
R22 | Harmful if swallowed. 吞食是有害的。 |
R23 | Toxic by inhalation. 吸入有害。 |
R24 | Toxic in contact with skin. 與皮膚接觸有毒。 |
R25 | Toxic if swallowed 吞食有毒. |
R26 | Very toxic by inhalation. 吸入有極高毒性。 |
R27 | Very toxic in contact with skin. 與皮膚接觸有極高毒性。 |
R28 | Very toxic if swallowed. 吞食有極高毒性。 |
R29 | Contact with water liberates toxic gas. 與水接觸釋放出有毒氣體。 |
R30 | Can become highly flammable in use. 使用會變為高度易燃。 |
R31 | Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. 與酸接觸釋放出有毒氣體。 |
R32 | Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas. 與酸接觸釋放出極高毒性氣體。 |
R33 | Danger of cumulative effects. 有累積作用危險。 |
R34 | Causes burns. 引起灼傷。 |
R35 | Causes severe burns. 引起嚴重灼傷。 |
R36 | Irritating to eyes. 刺激眼睛。 |
R37 | Irritating to respiratory system. 刺激呼吸系統。 |
R38 | Irritating to skin. 刺激皮膚。 |
R39 | Danger of very serious irreversible effects. 有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R40 | Possible risks of irreversible effects. 可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R41 | Risk of serious damage to eyes. 對眼睛有嚴重損害的風險。 |
R42 | May cause sensitization by inhalation. 吸入可能引起過敏。 |
R43 | May cause sensitization by skin contact. 皮膚接觸可能引起過敏。 |
R44 | Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. 在封閉情況下加熱有爆炸危險。 |
R45 | May cause cancer. 可能致癌。 |
R46 | May cause heritable genetic damage. 可能造成不可逆的遺傳損害。 |
R47 | May cause birth defects. 可能引起出生缺陷。 |
R48 | Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. 長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R49 | May cause cancer by inhalation. 吸入可能致癌。 |
R50 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms. 對水生生物有極高毒性。 |
R51 | Toxic to aquatic organisms. 對水生生物是有毒的。 |
R52 | Harmful to aquatic organisms. 對水生生物是有害的。 |
R53 | May cause long-term adverse effects in aquatic environment. 可能在水生環境中造成長期不利影響。 |
R54 | Toxic to flora. 對植物群有毒。 |
R55 | Toxic to fauna. 對動物群有毒。 |
R56 | Toxic to soil organisms. 對土壤中生物有毒。 |
R57 | Toxic to bees. 對蜜蜂有毒。 |
R58 | May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. 可能在環境中造成長期不利影響。 |
R59 | Dangerous for the ozone layer. 對臭氧層有危害。 |
R60 | May impair fertility. 可能損傷生育力。 |
R61 | May cause harm to the unborn child. 可能對未出生嬰兒造成危害。 |
R62 | Possible risk of impaired fertility. 可能有損傷生育力的危險。 |
R63 | Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. 可能有損害未出生嬰兒的危險。 |
R64 | May cause harm to breastfed babies. 可能對哺乳嬰兒造成危害。 |
R65 | Harmful： may cause lung damage if swallowed. 有害的：吞食可能造成肺部損害。 |
R66 | May cause skin dry and chapped with repeated exposure. 反覆接觸可能導致皮膚乾燥或皴裂。 |
R67 | |
R68 | Possible risk of irretrievable effects. 可能有不可挽回的作用的危險。 |
複合描述代碼
這些代碼由以上的兩種或更多構成，一般寫在化學品危險性描述的單一代碼後面。
| 危險代碼 | 代碼意義 |
|---|---|
R14/15 | Reacts violently with water, liberating highly flammable gases. 與水猛烈反應，釋放出極易燃氣體。 |
R15/29 | Contact with water liberates toxic, highly flammable gas. 與水接觸釋放出有毒的，極易燃氣體。 |
R20/21 | Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. 吸入和與皮膚接觸是有害的。 |
R20/21/22 | Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、與皮膚接觸和吞食是有害的。 |
R20/22 | Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入和吞食是有害的。 |
R21/22 | Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. 與皮膚接觸和吞食是有害的。 |
R23/24 | Toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. 吸入和與皮膚接觸是有毒的。 |
R23/24/25 | Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、與皮膚接觸和吞食是有毒的。 |
R23/25 | Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入和吞食是有毒的。 |
R24/25 | Toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. 與皮膚接觸和吞食是有毒的。 |
R26/27 | Very toxic by inhalation and in contact with skin. 吸入和與皮膚接觸有極高毒性。 |
R26/27/28 | Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、與皮膚接觸和吞食有極高毒性。 |
R26/28 | Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入和吞食有極高毒性。 |
R27/28 | Very toxic in contact with skin and if swallowed. 與皮膚接觸和吞食有極高毒性。 |
R36/37 | Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. 刺激眼睛和呼吸系統。 |
R36/37/38 | Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 刺激眼睛、呼吸系統和皮膚。 |
R36/38 | Irritating to eyes and skin. 刺激眼睛和皮膚。 |
R37/38 | Irritating to respiratory system and skin. 刺激呼吸系統和皮膚。 |
R39/23 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation. 有毒的：經吸入有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/23/24 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin. 有毒的：經吸入和與皮膚接觸有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/23/24/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有毒的：經吸入、與皮膚接觸和吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/23/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed. 有毒的：經吸入和吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/24 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin. 有毒的：與皮膚接觸有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/24/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有毒的：與皮膚接觸和吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/25 | Toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed. 有毒的：吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/26 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation. 極高毒性：經吸入有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/26/27 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin. 極高毒性：經吸入和與皮膚接觸有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/26/27/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 極高毒性：經吸入、與皮膚接觸和吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/26/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed. 極高毒性：經吸入和吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/27 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin. 極高毒性：與皮膚接觸有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/27/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed. 極高毒性：與皮膚接觸和吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R39/28 | Very toxic : danger of very serious irreversible effects if swallowed. 極高毒性：吞食有極嚴重不可逆作用危險。 |
R40/20 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation. 有害的：經吸入可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R40/20/21 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and in contact with skin. 有害的：經吸入和與皮膚接觸可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R40/20/21/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有害的：經吸入、與皮膚接觸和吞食可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R40/20/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation and if swallowed. 有害的：經吸入和吞食可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R40/21 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin. 有害的：與皮膚接觸可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R40/21/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有害的：與皮膚接觸和吞食可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R40/22 | Harmful : possible risk of irreversible effects if swallowed. 有害的：吞食可能有不可逆作用的風險。 |
R42/43 | May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. 吸入和皮膚接觸可能引起過敏。 |
R48/20 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation. 有害的：經吸入長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/20/21 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin. 有害的：經吸入和與皮膚長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/20/21/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inh.,in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有害的：經吸入、皮膚和吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/20/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed. 有害的：經吸入和吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/21 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin. 有害的：經皮膚長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/21/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有害的：經皮膚和吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/22 | Harmful : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. 有害的：吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/23 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation. 有毒的：經吸入長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/23/24 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and in contact with skin. 有毒的：經吸入和與皮膚長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/23/24/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inh.,in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有毒的：經吸入、皮膚和吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/23/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation and if swallowed. 有毒的：經吸入和吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/24 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin. 有毒的：經皮膚長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/24/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure in contact with skin and if swallowed. 有毒的：經皮膚和吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R48/25 | Toxic : danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. 有毒的：吞食長期接觸有嚴重損害健康的危險。 |
R50/53 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 對水生生物有極高毒性，可能在水生環境中造成長期不利影響。 |
R51/53 | Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 對水生生物有毒，可能在水生環境中造成長期不利影響。 |
R52/53 | Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 對水生生物有害，可能在水生環境中造成長期不利影響。 |
