南歐世界文化遺產，前兩個國家世界遺產的數量都位於這個地區:義大利與49個網站和西班牙與44個站點。
基本介紹
- 中文名：南歐世界文化遺產
- 地區：南歐
- 關於：文化
- 類別：遺產
對象,列表,
對象
七個網站也是在幾個國家之間共享。史前岩畫遺址Coa山谷和Siega佛(葡萄牙和西班牙),瑞提階鐵路在Albula/貝尼納酒店風景(義大利和瑞士),蒙特San Giorgio(義大利和瑞士),歷史的中心羅馬的屬性教廷在那個城市,享受治外法權的權利聖保羅fuori色差(教廷和義大利),庇里牛斯山- - - - - -蒙特看不見的(法國和西班牙),史前樁住所在阿爾卑斯山(奧地利、法國、德國、義大利、斯洛維尼亞和瑞士)傳統的汞-阿爾馬登和Idrija(斯洛維尼亞和西班牙)。第一個網站從該地區在1979年題寫一年後列表的概念,和包括6個網站在前南斯拉夫在義大利,一個站點。每年,聯合國教科文組織世界遺產委員會可以記下新的網站列表,或摘牌不再符合標準的網站。 選擇是基於十個標準:6個文化遺產(i-vi)和四個自然遺產(vii-x)。一些網站,指定“混合網站”,代表著兩種文化和自然遺產。 在歐洲南部,有130年文化,自然,和4混合網站。
列表
| Site | Image | Location | Criteria | Area ha (acre) | Year | Description | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18th-Century RoyalPalace at Casertawith the Park, theAqueduct of Vanvitelli, and theSan LeucioComplex | Provinces ofCasertaandBenevento,Campania,Italy 41°4′24″N14°19′35″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 87 (210); buffer zone 111 (270) | 1997 | |||
| Acropolis, Athens | Attica,Greece 37°58′15″N23°43′34″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 3.04 (7.5); buffer zone 117 (290) | 1987 | |||
| Alhambra,GeneralifeandAlbayzín,Granada | Province of Granada,Andalusia,Spain 37°10′36″N3°35′40″W | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | — | 1994 | The three sites are remnants of theMoorishinfluence in southern Spain. The fortress Alhambra and the palace Generalife were built by the rulers of theEmirate of Granada. The Albayzín district contains examples of the Moorish vernacular architecture and was added to the listing in 1994. | ||
| Alto Douro Wine Region | Douro Subregion,Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Province,Portugal 41°6′6″N7°47′56″W | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 24,600 (61,000); buffer zone 225,400 (557,000) | 2001 | |||
| Aranjuez Cultural Landscape | Aranjuez,Community of Madrid,Spain 40°2′11″N3°36′34″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 2,048 (5,060); buffer zone 16,605 (41,030) | 2001 | The landscape around theRoyal Palace of Aranjuezwas developed by the Spanish royal family over a course of three centuries and contains innovative horticultural and design ideas. The area was the exclusive property of the royal family until the 19th century when the modern civilian city developed. | ||
| Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica ofAquileia | Province of Udine,Friuli-Venezia Giulia,Italy 45°46′6″N13°22′3″E | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(vi) | 155 (380) | 1998 | |||
| Archaeological Area of Agrigento | Province of Agrigento,Sicily,Italy 37°17′23″N13°35′36″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 934 (2,310); buffer zone 1,869 (4,620) | 1997 | |||
| Archaeological Areas ofPompei,HerculaneumandTorre Annunziata | Province of Naples,Campania,Italy 40°45′0″N14°29′0″E | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 98 (240); buffer zone 24 (59) | 1997 | |||
| Archaeological Ensemble ofTárraco | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 100 (250) | 2000 | The prominent Roman city of Tárraco at the site of modern-day Tarragona served as the capital of the provinces ofHispania Citeriorand laterHispania Tarraconensis. Theamphitheatrewas constructed in the 2nd century. Most remains are only fragments or preserved under more modern buildings. | |||
| Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida | Province of Badajoz,Extremadura,Spain 38°54′58″N6°20′16″W | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | — | 1993 | |||
| Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern nameVergina) | Imathia,Central Macedonia,Greece 40°28′17″N22°19′6″E | Cultural: (i)(iii) | 1,421 (3,510); buffer zone 4,812 (11,890) | 1996 | |||
| Archaeological Site of Atapuerca | Province of Burgos,Castile and León,Spain 42°22′17″N3°32′50″W | Cultural: (iii)(v) | — | 2000 | The caves in the Atapuerca Mountains contain fossil remains of the earliest human beings discovered in Europe dating from nearly one million years ago. TheSima de los Huesosor "Pit of Bones" contains the world's largest collection of hominid fossils. | ||
| Archaeological Site of Delphi | Phocis,Central Greece,Greece 38°28′53″N22°29′46″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 51 (130); buffer zone 14,314 (35,370) | 1987 | |||
| Archaeological Site of Mystras | Laconia,Peloponnese,Greece 37°4′50″N22°22′0″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 54 (130); buffer zone 1,203 (2,970) | 1989 | |||
| Archaeological Site of Olympia | Elis, WesternPeloponnese,Greece 37°39′0″N21°40′0″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 106 (260); buffer zone 1,458 (3,600) | 1989 | |||
| Archaeological Sites ofMycenaeandTiryns | Argolis,Peloponnese,Greece 37°44′0″N22°45′0″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1999 | |||
| Assisi, theBasilica of San Francescoand Other Franciscan Sites | Italy 43°3′58″N12°37′21″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 14,563 (35,990); buffer zone 4,087 (10,100) | 2000 | |||
| Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 2.20 (5.4); buffer zone 11 (27) | 1997 | ||||
| Burgos Cathedral | Burgos,Province of Burgos,Castile and León,Spain 42°20′25″N3°42′14.5″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1984 | TheGothic-stylecathedral was constructed between the 13th and 16th centuries. It is the burial place of Spanishnational hero,El Cid. | ||
| Butrint | Sarandë District,Albania 39°45′4″N20°1′34″E | Cultural: (iii) | 3,980 (9,800); buffer zone 4,611 (11,390) | 1992 | The site had been listed asendangered1997–2005 following damages due to management and conservation. | ||
| Castel del Monte | AndriaandCorato,Province of Bari,Puglia,Italy 41°5′5″N16°16′15.4″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii) | 3.10 (7.7); buffer zone 10,847 (26,800) | 1996 | |||
| CatalanRomanesqueChurches of theVall de Boí | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | — | 2000 | The small valley at the edge of thePyreneescontains churches inRomanesque styledecorated with Romanesque murals, statues, and altars. The churches are unique for their tall, square bell towers. | |||
| Cathedral,AlcázarandArchivo de Indiasin Seville | Province of Seville,Andalusia,Spain 37°23′2″N5°59′30″W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(vi) | 12 (30); buffer zone 187 (460) | 1987 | The Alcázar was built during theAlmohad dynastythat ruled southern Spain until theReconquista. The cathedral dates to the 15th century and holds the tombs ofFerdinand IIIandChristopher Columbus. The Archivo (Archive) houses documents relating to thecolonization of the Americas. | ||
| Cathedral,Torre Civicaand Piazza Grande,Modena | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 1.20 (3.0); buffer zone 1.10 (2.7) | 1997 | ||||
| Cave of Altamiraand Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain | Santillana del Mar,Cantabria,Spain 43°22′57″N4°6′58″W | Cultural: (i)(iii) | 2,235 (5,520) | 1985 | The Cave of Altamira contains examples ofcave paintingfrom theUpper Paleolithicperiod, ranging from 35,000 to 11,000 BC. The original listing contained seventeen decorated caves. The caves are well-preserved because of their deep isolation from the external climate. | ||
| Central Zone of the Town ofAngra do Heroismoin the Azores | Terceira Island,Azores,Portugal 38°39′18″N27°13′12″W | Cultural: (iv)(vi) | — | 1983 | |||
| Church and Dominican Convent ofSanta Maria delle Graziewith "The Last Supper" byLeonardo da Vinci | Province of Milano,Lombardy,Italy 45°27′57″N9°10′14″E | Cultural: (i)(ii) | 1.50 (3.7) | 1980 | |||
| Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Parkwith the Archeological sites ofPaestumandVelia, and theCertosa di Padula | Province of Salerno,Campania,Italy 40°17′0″N15°16′0″E | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | 159,110 (393,200); buffer zone 178,101 (440,100) | 1998 | |||
| City ofValletta | Malta Island,Malta 35°54′2″N14°30′52″E | Cultural: (i)(vi) | 56 (140) | 1980 | |||
| City of Verona | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 453 (1,120); buffer zone 431 (1,070) | 2000 | ||||
| City ofVicenzaand thePalladian Villas of the Veneto | Cultural: (i)(ii) | 334 (830) | 1994 | ||||
| Convent of Christ in Tomar | Tomar,Santarém District,Portugal 39°36′17″N8°25′3″W | Cultural: (i)(vi) | — | 1983 | |||
| Costiera Amalfitana | Province of Salerno,Campania,Italy 40°39′0″N14°36′0″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 11,231 (27,750) | 1997 | |||
| Crespi d'Adda | Province of Bergamo,Lombardy,Italy 45°35′36″N9°32′18″E | Cultural: (iv)(v) | — | 1995 | |||
| Cultural Landscape ofSintra | Sintra,Portugal 38°47′0″N9°25′0″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 946 (2,340); buffer zone 3,641 (9,000) | 1995 | |||
| Cultural Landscape of theSerra de Tramuntana | Mallorca,Spain 39°43′51″N2°41′41″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 30,745 (75,970); buffer zone 78,617 (194,270) | 2011 | |||
| Delos | Cyclades,South Aegean,Greece 37°24′0″N25°16′0″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 351 (870) | 1990 | |||
| Doñana National Park | HuelvaandSevillaProvinces,Andalusia,Spain 36°56′52″N6°21′32″W | Natural: (vii)(ix)(x) | 54,252 (134,060) | 1994 | The park consists of the delta region where theGuadalquivir Riverreaches theAtlantic Ocean. It is home to a diverse variety ofbiotopes, such aslagoons,marshlands,dunes, andmaquis. The park is one of the largestheronriesin theMediterraneanregion and holds more than 500,000water fowlduring the winter period. | ||
| Durmitor National Park | Montenegro 43°7′59″N19°1′0″E | Natural: (vii)(viii)(x) | 32,100 (79,000) | 1980 | |||
| Early Christian Monuments ofRavenna | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | 1.32 (3.3) | 1996 | ||||
| Episcopal Complex of theEuphrasian Basilicain the Historic Centre of Poreč | Poreč,Istria County,Croatia 45°13′45″N13°35′40″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 1.10 (2.7) | 1997 | The episcopal complex, with its striking mosaics dating back to the 6th century, is one of the best examples of early Byzantine art and architecture in the Mediterranean region and the world. It includes the basilica itself, a sacristy, a baptistery and the bell tower of the nearby archbishop's palace. | ||
| Etruscan Necropolises ofCerveteriandTarquinia | Provinces ofRomeandViterbo,Lazio,Italy 42°0′25″N12°6′7″E | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | 21 (52); buffer zone 5,786 (14,300) | 2004 | |||
| Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and itsPo Delta | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi) | 46,712 (115,430); buffer zone 117,649 (290,720) | 1995 | ||||
| Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications | Alentejo,Portugal 38°52′50″N7°9′48″W | Cultural: (iv) | 179 (440); buffer zone 608 (1,500) | 2012 | The site, extensively fortified from the 17th to 19th centuries, represents the largest bulwarked dry ditch system in the work. Within its walls, the town contains barracks and other military buildings as well as churches and monasteries. While Elvas contains remains dating back to the 10th century A.D., its fortification began when Portugal regained independence in 1640. The fortifications designed by Dutch Jesuit Padre João Piscásio Cosmander represent the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications anywhere. The site also contains the Amoreira Aqueduct, built to enable the stronghold to withstand lengthy sieges. | ||
| Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius | Eastern Serbia,Serbia 43°53′57.5″N22°11′10″E | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | 179 (440); buffer zone 545 (1,350) | 2007 | The Late Roman fortified palace compound and memorial complex of Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace ofGalerius, in the east of Serbia, was commissioned by Emperor Caius Valerius Galerius Maximianus, in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. It was known as Felix Romuliana, named after the emperor’s mother. The site consists of fortifications, the palace in the north-western part of the complex, basilicas, temples, hot baths, memorial complex, and a tetrapylon. The group of buildings is also unique in its intertwining of ceremonial and memorial functions. | ||
| Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of thePalazzi dei Rolli | Province of Genoa,Liguria,Italy 44°24′44″N8°55′52″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 16 (40); buffer zone 113 (280) | 2006 | |||
| Hal Saflieni Hypogeum | Paola,Malta Island,Malta 35°52′17″N14°30′26.6″E | Cultural: (iii) | — | 1980 | |||
| Heritage of Mercury.AlmadénandIdrija | Slovenia;Spain 38°46′31″N4°50′20″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 104 (260) | 2012 | |||
| Historical Complex ofSplitwith thePalace of Diocletian | Split-Dalmatia County,Croatia 43°30′34″N16°26′36″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 21 (52) | 1979 | The palace was built by the Roman emperorDiocletianat the turn of the fourth century AD, and later served as the basis of the city of Split. A cathedral was built in the Middle Ages inside the ancient mausoleum, along with churches, fortifications, Gothic and Renaissance palaces. The Baroque style makes up the rest of the area. | ||
| Historic Centre of Cordoba | Province of Córdoba,Andalusia,Spain 37°52′45″N4°46′47″W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | — | 1984 | The original listing was theGreat Mosque of Córdoba, a 7th-century mosque converted to aRoman Catholiccathedral in the 13th century byFerdinand III. During the high period of the Moorish rule of the region, Córdoba had over 300 mosques and architecture that compared to that ofConstantinople,Damascus, andBaghdad. | ||
| Historic Centre ofÉvora | Évora Municipality,Alentejo,Portugal 38°24′23″N7°54′28″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | — | 1986 | |||
| Historic Centre of Florence | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 505 (1,250) | 1982 | ||||
| Historic Centre ofGuimarães | Braga District,Minho Province,Portugal 41°26′27″N8°17′41″W | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 16 (40); buffer zone 45 (110) | 2001 | |||
| Historic Centre of Naples | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | — | 1995 | ||||
| Historic Centre ofOporto | Norte,Portugal 41°8′30″N8°37′0″W | Cultural: (iv) | — | 1996 | |||
| Historic Centre ofRome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights andSan Paolo Fuori le Mura | Holy See;Rome,Lazio,Italy 41°53′25″N12°29′32″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 1,485 (3,670) | 1980 | |||
| Historic Centre of San Gimignano | San Gimignano,Province of Siena,Tuscany,Italy 43°28′5″N11°2′30″E | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | 14 (35) | 1990 | |||
| Historic Centre of Siena | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 170 (420); buffer zone 9,907 (24,480) | 1995 | ||||
| Historic Centre of the City of Pienza | Pienza,Province of Siena,Tuscany,Italy 43°4′37″N11°40′43″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 4.41 (10.9) | 1996 | |||
| Historic Centre of Urbino | Province of Pesaro,Marche,Italy 43°43′30″N12°38′0″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 29 (72); buffer zone 3,609 (8,920) | 1998 | |||
| Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra | BeratandGjirokastër,Albania 40°4′10″N20°8′0″E | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | 59 (150); buffer zone 136 (340) | 2005 | |||
| Historic City of Toledo | Province of Toledo,Castile–La Mancha,Spain 39°52′1″N4°1′46″W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(vi) | — | 1986 | Toledo was founded by the Romans, served as the capital of theVisigothic Kingdom, was important inMuslim Spainand during theReconquista, and briefly served as the capital of Spain. The city combines Christian, Muslim, andJewishinfluences. | ||
| Historic City of Trogir | Split-Dalmatia County,Croatia 43°30′45″N16°15′6″E | Cultural: (ii)(v) | 6.40 (15.8); buffer zone 4.80 (11.9) | 2008 | Trogir's rich culture was created under the influence of old Greeks, Romans, and Venetians. It is the best-preserved Romanesque-Gothiccomplex not only in the Adriatic, but in all of Central Europe. Trogir's medieval core, surrounded by walls, comprises a preserved castle and tower and a series of dwellings and palaces from the Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods. | ||
| Historic Walled Town ofCuenca | Province of Cuenca,Castile–La Mancha,Spain 40°4′36″N2°7′54″W | Cultural: (ii)(v) | — | 1996 | The Moors built the fortified city in the early 8th century, and it was captured by the Christians in the 12th century. The cathedral is the firstGothicexample in Spain. The town is also famous for itscasas colgados, houses that hang over the edge of a cliff. | ||
| Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture | Balearic Islands,Spain 38°54′40″N1°26′7″E | Mixed: (ii)(iii)(iv)(ix)(x) | 8,564 (21,160) | 1999 | The coast of Ibiza is home toposidonia oceanica, aseagrassonly found in the Mediterranean that supports a diverse coastal and marine ecosystem. The island also contains numerous Phoenician ruins, and the fortified and walled older portions of the city date to the 16th century. | ||
| Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) | SouthernTyrrhenian Sea,Italy 38°29′16″N14°56′44″E | Natural: (viii) | 1,216 (3,000) | 2000 | |||
| La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia | Cultural: (i)(iv) | — | 1996 | LaLonja(orLlotjainValencian language)de la Sedameans Silk Exchange in English, and the group ofGothicbuildings demonstrate the wealth of Valencia as an important Mediterranean and European mercantile city in the period. | |||
| Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture | Azores,Portugal 38°30′48″N28°32′28″W | Cultural: (iii)(v) | 190 (470); buffer zone 2,445 (6,040) | 2004 | |||
| Las Médulas | Province of León,Castile and León,Spain 42°28′10″N6°46′15″W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | — | 1997 | The Romans established a gold mine and worked the site for two centuries. They used an early form ofhydraulic miningand cut aqueducts in the rock cliffs to provide water for the operations. The Romans left in the early 3rd century, leaving sheer cliff faces and mining infrastructure that is intact today. | ||
| Late Baroque Towns of theVal di Noto(South-Eastern Sicily) | Provinces ofCatania,RagusaandSyracuse,Sicily,Italy 36°53′35.5″N15°4′8″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(v) | 113 (280); buffer zone 306 (760) | 2002 | |||
| Longobards in Italy. Places of the power (568-774 A.D.) | Italy 46°5′39″N13°25′59″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(vi) | 14 (35); buffer zone 306 (760) | 2011 | The site includes sevenLongobardstowns:Brescia,Cividale del Friuli,Castelseprio,Spoleto,Campello sul Clitunno,BeneventoandMonte Sant'Angelo. | ||
| Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley | Encamp,Andorra la Vella,Sant Julià de Lòria,Escaldes-Engordany,Andorra 42°29′41″N1°35′44″E | Cultural: (v) | — | 2004 | |||
| MantuaandSabbioneta | Italy 45°9′34″N10°47′40″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 235 (580); buffer zone 2,330 (5,800) | 2008 | |||
| Medieval City of Rhodes | Rhodes,South Aegean,Greece 36°26′50″N28°13′40″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 66 (160) | 1988 | |||
| Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany | Tuscany,Italy 43°51′28″N11°18′15″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | 125 (310); buffer zone 3,539 (8,750) | 2013 | |||
| Medieval Monuments in Kosovo | Kosovo,officially listed asAutonomous Province of Kosovo,Serbia 42°39′40″N20°15′56″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | 2.88 (7.1); buffer zone 115 (280) | 2004 | The four edifices of the site reflect the high points of the Byzantine-Romanesque ecclesiastical culture, with its distinct style of wall painting, which developed in the Balkans between the 13th and 17th centuries. The Dečani Monastery was built in the mid-14th century for the Serbian king Stefan Dečanski and is also his mausoleum. The Patriarchate of Peć Monastery is a group of four domed churches featuring series of wall paintings. The 13th-century frescoes of the Church of Holy Apostles are painted in a unique, monumental style. Early 14th-century frescoes in the church of the Holy Virgin of Ljevisa represent the appearance of the new so-called Palaiologian Renaissance style, combining the influences of the eastern Orthodox Byzantine and the Western Romanesque traditions. The style played a decisive role in subsequent Balkan art. The site has been listed asendangeredsince 2006 due to a lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security. | ||
| Megalithic Temples of Malta | GozoandMalta Island,Malta 36°2′57″N14°16′10″E | Cultural: (iv) | — | 1980 | |||
| Mehmed Paša Sokolović BridgeinVišegrad | Republika Srpska,Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°46′53″N19°17′17″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 1.50 (3.7); buffer zone 12 (30) | 2007 | |||
| Meteora | Trikala,Thessaly,Greece 39°43′0″N21°38′0″E | Mixed: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)(vii) | 272 (670); buffer zone 1,884 (4,660) | 1988 | |||
| Monasteries ofDaphni,Hosios LoukasandNea Moni of Chios | Attica,Central GreeceandNorth Aegean,Greece 38°24′0″N22°45′0″E | Cultural: (i)(iv) | 3.70 (9.1); buffer zone 5,816 (14,370) | 1990 | |||
| Monastery and Site of the Escurial, Madrid | San Lorenzo de El Escorial,Community of Madrid,Spain 40°34′54″N4°7′35″W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(vi) | — | 1984 | El Escorial is one of severalSpanish royal sitesdue to its history as a residence of theroyal family. The palace was designed byKing Philip IIand architectJuan Bautista de Toledoto serve as a monument to Spain's central role in theChristianworld. | ||
| Monastery of Alcobaça | Alcobaça,Leiria District,Portugal 39°33′0″N8°58′36″W | Cultural: (i)(iv) | — | 1989 | |||
| Monastery of Batalha | Batalha,Leiria District,Portugal 39°39′28″N8°49′37″W | Cultural: (i)(ii) | 0.98 (2.4); buffer zone 86 (210) | 1983 | |||
| Monastery of the HieronymitesandTower of Belémin Lisbon | Lisbon,Portugal 38°41′31″N9°12′57″W | Cultural: (iii)(vi) | 2.66 (6.6); buffer zone 103 (250) | 1983 | |||
| Monte San Giorgio | Italy;Switzerland 45°53′20″N8°54′50″E | Natural: (viii) | 1,089 (2,690); buffer zone 3,207 (7,920) | 2003 | |||
| Monuments ofOviedoand theKingdom of the Asturias | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | — | 1985 | TheKingdom of Asturiasremained the only Christian region of Spain in the 9th century. It developed its own style ofPre-Romanesque art and architecturethat is displayed in various churches and other monuments. The original entry titled "Churches of the Kingdom of the Asturias" and was extended to include other monuments such asLa Foncalada. | |||
| Mount Athos | Autonomous region of Mount Athos,Greece 40°16′0″N24°13′0″E | Mixed: (i)(ii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii) | 33,042 (81,650) | 1988 | |||
| Mount Etna | Sicily,Italy 37°45′22″N14°59′48″E | Natural: (viii) | 19,237 (47,540) | 2013 | |||
| Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon | TeruelandZaragozaProvinces,Aragon,Spain 40°20′38″N1°6′26″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1986 | The original listing contained four churches inTeruelin theMudéjar style, a blending of traditional Islamic and contemporary European styles. In 2001, the listing was expanded to include an additional six monuments. | ||
| NaturalandCultural Heritageof the Ohrid region | Ohrid Municipality,Macedonia 41°7′5″N20°48′48″E | Mixed: (i)(iii)(iv)(vii) | 83,350 (206,000) | 1979 | |||
| Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor | Bay of Kotor,Kotorand surrounding territory,Montenegro 42°29′0″N18°42′0″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) | — | 1979 | The site had been listed asendangered1979–2003 following the damage due to an earthquake from April 15, 1979. | ||
| Old BridgeArea of the Old City ofMostar | Herzegovina-Neretva Canton,Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°20′53″N17°48′39″E | Cultural: (vi) | — | 2005 | |||
| Old City of Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik-Neretva County,Croatia 42°39′2″N18°5′29″E | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | 97 (240); buffer zone 54 (130) | 1979 | Dubrovnik became a prosperousMaritime republicduring the Middle Ages, it became the only eastern Adriatic city-state to rival Venice. Supported by its wealth and skilled diplomacy, the city achieved a remarkable level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries. The site had been listed asWorld Heritage in Danger1991–1998 due to theCroatian War of Independence. | ||
| Old City ofSalamanca | Province of Salamanca,Castile and León,Spain 40°57′55″N5°39′52″W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | — | 1988 | Salamanca is important as a university city, as theUniversity of Salamanca, founded in 1218, is the oldest in Spain and among the oldest in Europe. The city was first conquered by theCarthaginiansin the 3rd century, and later ruled by the Romans and Moors. The city centre representsRomanesque,Gothic,Moorish,Renaissance, andBaroque architecture. | ||
| Old Town of Ávilawith its Extra-Muros Churches | Province of Ávila,Castile and León,Spain 40°39′23″N4°42′0″W | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | — | 1985 | Thedefensive wallsurrounding the original town was constructed in the 11th century. It features 82 semicircular towers and 9 gates, and is one of the most complete examples of town walls in Spain. | ||
| Old Town ofCáceres | Province of Cáceres,Extremadura,Spain 39°28′28″N6°22′12″W | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | — | 1986 | |||
| Old Town ofCorfu | Corfu,Ionian Islands,Greece 39°37′26″N19°55′39″E | Cultural: (iv) | 70 (170); buffer zone 162 (400) | 2007 | |||
| Old Town ofSegoviaand itsAqueduct | Province of Segovia,Castile and León,Spain 40°56′54.5″N4°7′9″W | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | — | 1985 | |||
| Palau de la Música CatalanaandHospital de Sant Pau,Barcelona | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | — | 1997 | Both buildings were constructed in the early 20th century and designed byLluís Domènech i Montanerin themodernistArt Nouveaumovement that was very popular in Barcelona in that period. The two buildings are Montaner's most famous works. | |||
| Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika | Thessaloniki,Central Macedonia,Greece 40°38′18″N22°57′54″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 5.33 (13.2) | 1988 | |||
| Palmeral of Elche | Province of Alicante,Valencian Community,Spain 38°16′0″N0°43′0″E | Cultural: (ii)(v) | — | 2000 | The grove ofdate palm treeswas formally laid out with irrigation systems under the Moors in the 10th century. The palmeral is a rare example of Arab agricultural practices in Europe. | ||
| Piazza del Duomo, Pisa | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi) | 8.87 (21.9); buffer zone 254 (630) | 1987 | ||||
| Plitvice Lakes National Park | Lika-Senj County,Croatia 44°52′40″N15°36′52″E | Natural: (vii)(viii)(ix) | 19,200 (47,000) | 1979 | Over time, water has flown over the natural limestone and chalk, creating natural dams which in turn have created a series of connecting lakes, waterfalls, and caves. The nearby forests are home to bears, wolves and many rare bird species. The site had been listed asendangered1992–1997 due to the potential threat from theCroatian War of Independence. | ||
| Poblet Monastery | Cultural: (i)(iv) | — | 1991 | The monastery was founded by theCisterciansin 1151 and is one of the largest in Spain. It is associated with various royal families in medieval Spain, particularly thekings of Aragon. It is the burial place of Aragon monarchsAlfonso II,John I,John II,James I,Ferdinana I, andPeter IV. | |||
| Portovenere,Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria,TinoandTinetto) | Province of La Spezia,Liguria,Italy 44°6′25″N9°43′45″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(v) | 4,689 (11,590) | 1997 | |||
| Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps | Austria;France;Germany;Italy;Slovenia;Switzerland 47°16′42″N8°12′27″E | Cultural: (iv)(v) | 274 (680); buffer zone 3,961 (9,790) | 2011 | |||
| Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa ValleyandSiega Verde | Portugal;Spain 40°41′51″N6°39′40″W | Cultural: (i)(iii) | — | 1998 | The original 1998 listing contained examples of Upper Palaeolithic rock art in the Côa Valley of Portugal. In 2010 it was extended to include 645 engravings in the archaeological zone of Siega Verde in Spain. The two sites represent the most well-preserved collection of open-air Palaolithic art in the Iberian peninsula. | ||
| Pyrénées-Mont Perdu | Gèdre,Hautes-Pyrénées,Midi-Pyrénées,France; Communes ofTorla,Fanlo,Tella-Sin,PuértolasandBielsainProvince of Huesca,Aragon,Spain 42°41′N0°0′E | Mixed: (iii)(iv)(v)(vii)(viii) | 30,639 (75,710) | 1997 | The site contains the Pyrenees mountain chain along the French-Spanish border. The Spanish portion contains two of the largest canyons in Europe, while the French side contains three large cirque walls | ||
| PythagoreionandHeraionofSamos | Samos,North Aegean,Greece 37°41′27″N26°56′36″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii) | 668 (1,650); buffer zone 402 (990) | 1992 | |||
| Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza | Province of Jaen,Andalusia,Spain 38°0′41″N3°22′16″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 9.00 (22.2); buffer zone 176 (430) | 2003 | Renovations of the two towns in the 16th century were done under the emergingRenaissance styleand are among the first examples of the style in Spain. | ||
| Residences of the Royal House of Savoy | Province of Torino,Piedmont,Italy 45°4′21″N7°41′8.6″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(v) | 371 (920); buffer zone 6,931 (17,130) | 1997 | |||
| Rhaetian Railwayin theAlbula/BerninaLandscapes | Italy;Switzerland 46°29′54″N9°50′47″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 152 (380); buffer zone 109,386 (270,300) | 2008 | |||
| Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula | Cultural: (iii) | — | 1998 | The site includes over 750 examples ofrock artfrom the lateprehistoricperiod, which feature images ranging from geometric shapes to scenes of men hunting animals. | |||
| Rock Drawings in Valcamonica | Province of Brescia,Lombardy,Italy 45°57′25″N10°17′50″E | Cultural: (iii)(vi) | 432 (1,070); buffer zone 1,018 (2,520) | 1979 | |||
| Roman Walls of Lugo | Province of Lugo,Galicia,Spain 43°0′40″N7°33′12″W | Cultural: (iv) | — | 2000 | The walls built to protect the Roman town of Lucus in the 3rd century remain entirely intact and are the best remaining example in Western Europe. | ||
| Route of Santiago de Compostela | Aragon,Navarre,La Rioja,Castile and LeónandGalicia,Spain 42°27′33″N5°53′0″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1993 | The Route, or the Way of St. James, is apilgrimagefrom the French-Spanish border to theCathedral of Santiago de Compostela, where theapostleJamesis believed to be buried. | ||
| Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe | Cultural: (iv)(vi) | — | 1993 | The monastery is home ofOur Lady of Guadalupe, ashrine to Maryfound in the 13th century after being buried from Muslim invaders in 714. The Virgin of Guadalupe and the monastery served as important symbols during theReconquista, culminating in 1492, the same year asColumbus'discovery of America. The Guadalupe Virgin became an important symbol during theevangelizationof America. | |||
| Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy | Lombardy,Piedmont,Italy 45°58′28″N9°10′10″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 91 (220); buffer zone 722 (1,780) | 2003 | |||
| Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus | Argolis,Peloponnese,Greece 37°40′0″N23°7′0″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 1,394 (3,440); buffer zone 3,386 (8,370) | 1988 | |||
| San Marino Historic CentreandMount Titano | San Marino 43°55′58″N12°27′7″E | Cultural: (iii) | 55 (140); buffer zone 167 (410) | 2008 | |||
| San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries | San Millán de la Cogolla,La Rioja,Spain 42°19′33″N2°51′54″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | 19 (47); buffer zone 266 (660) | 1997 | The original Suso monastery was founded in the mid-6th century, and is the location where theGlosas Emilianenseswere written. The codixes are considered the first written examples of theSpanishandBasquelanguages, and the monastery is considered the birthplace of written and spoken Spanish. The newer Yuso monastery was built in the 16th century. | ||
| Santiago de Compostela(Old Town) | Province of A Coruña,Galicia,Spain 42°52′51″N8°32′41″W | Cultural: (i)(ii)(vi) | — | 1985 | TheCathedral of Santiago de Compostelais the reputed burial-place of theapostleJames, and is the terminus of theWay of St. James, apilgrimageacross northern Spain. The town was destroyed byMuslimsin the 10th century and rebuilt during the following century. | ||
| Škocjan Caves | Škocjan pri Divaci,MatavunandBetanjainDivačaandSežanacommunes,Obalno-kraška statistical region,Slovenia 45°40′0″N14°0′0″E | Natural: (vii)(viii) | 413 (1,020) | 1986 | |||
| Stari Grad Plain | Split-Dalmatia County,Croatia 43°10′54″N16°38′19″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(v) | 1,377 (3,400); buffer zone 6,403 (15,820) | 2008 | The Stari Grad Plain is an agricultural landscape that was set up by theancient Greek colonistsin the 4th century BC, and remains in use today. The plain is generally still in its original form. The ancient layout has been preserved by careful maintenance of the stone walls over 24 centuries. | ||
| Stari RasandSopoćani | nearNovi Pazar,Raška District,Serbia 43°7′8″N20°25′22″E | Cultural: (i)(iii) | 199 (490); buffer zone 9,936 (24,550) | 1979 | On the outskirts of Stari Ras, the first capital of Serbia, there is an impressive group of medieval monuments consisting of fortresses, churches and monasteries. The monastery at Sopoćani is a reminder of the contacts between Western civilization and the Byzantine world. | ||
| Studenica Monastery | Kraljevo,Raška District,Serbia 43°29′10″N20°32′12″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi) | 1.16 (2.9); buffer zone 269 (660) | 1986 | The Studenica Monastery was established in the late 12th century byStefan Nemanja, founder of the medieval Serb state, shortly after his abdication. It is the largest and richest of Serbia’s Orthodox monasteries. Its two principal monuments, the Church of the Virgin and the Church of the King, both built of white marble, enshrine priceless collections of 13th- and 14th-century Byzantine painting. | ||
| Su Nuraxi di Barumini | Barumini,Province of Medio Campidano,Sardinia,Italy 39°42′21″N8°59′29″E | Cultural: (i)(iii)(iv) | 2.33 (5.8); buffer zone 3.92 (9.7) | 1997 | |||
| Syracuseand the RockyNecropolis of Pantalica | City andProvince of Syracuse,Sicily,Italy 37°3′34″N15°17′35″E | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | — | 2005 | |||
| Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii) | 20 (49); buffer zone 202 (500) | 1986 | ||||
| The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik | Šibenik,Šibenik-Knin County,Croatia 43°44′10.6″N15°53′25.4″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 0.10 (0.25) | 2000 | The cathedral is a triple-navebasilicawith three apses and a dome (32 m high inside) and is also one of the most important architectural monument of theRenaissancein the eastern Adriatic. | ||
| The Dolomites | Italy 46°36′47″N12°9′47″E | Natural: (vii)(viii) | 141,903 (350,650); buffer zone 89,267 (220,580) | 2009 | |||
| The Historic Centre (Chorá) with theMonastery of Saint-John the Theologianand theCave of the Apocalypse | Patmos,Dodecanese,South Aegean,Greece 37°18′0″N26°33′0″E | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1999 | |||
| The Sassiand the Park of the Rupestrian Churches ofMatera | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 1,016 (2,510); buffer zone 4,365 (10,790) | 1993 | ||||
| TheTrulliofAlberobello | Province of Bari,Puglia,Italy 40°46′57″N17°14′13″E | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 11 (27) | 1996 | |||
| Tower of Hercules | A Coruña,Galicia,Spain 43°23′9″N8°24′23″W | Cultural: (iii) | 233 (580); buffer zone 1,936 (4,780) | 2009 | The Romans built this 55 metres (180ft)lighthouseon a 57 metres (187ft) rock to mark the entrance to the A Coruña harbor. It is the only fully preserved and functioning Roman lighthouse. | ||
| University and Historic Precinct ofAlcalá de Henares | Community of Madrid,Spain 40°28′53″N3°22′5″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1998 | Cardinal Cisnerosfounded theUniversity of Alcaláin 1499 and is the first example of the planned university city, serving as a model to other European universities and Spanish missionaries in America. The city is the birthplace ofMiguel de Cervantes, known for his contributions to the Spanish language and Western literature. | ||
| University of Coimbra– Alta and Sofia | Coimbra,Portugal 40°12′28″N8°25′32.79″W | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | 36 (89); buffer zone 82 (200) | 2013 | |||
| Val d'Orcia | Province of Siena,Tuscany,Italy 43°4′N11°33′E | Cultural: (iv)(vi) | 61,188 (151,200); buffer zone 5,660 (14,000) | 2004 | |||
| Vatican City | Holy See 41°54′8″N12°27′26.5″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi) | — | 1984 | |||
| Veniceand itsLagoon | Province of Venezia,Veneto,Italy 45°26′3.5″N12°20′20″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi) | — | 1987 | |||
| Villa Adriana(Tivoli) | Tivoli,Province of Rome,Lazio,Italy 41°56′39″N12°46′19″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii) | 80 (200); buffer zone 500 (1,200) | 1999 | |||
| Villa d'Este, Tivoli | Tivoli,Province of Rome,Lazio,Italy 41°57′50″N12°47′46.5″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 4.50 (11.1); buffer zone 7.00 (17.3) | 2001 | |||
| Villa Romana del Casale | Piazza Armerina,Province of Enna,Sicily,Italy 37°21′58″N14°20′3″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii) | 8.92 (22.0); buffer zone 10 (25) | 1997 | |||
| Vizcaya Bridge | Cultural: (i)(ii) | 0.86 (2.1); buffer zone 12 (30) | 2006 | The bridge was designed byAlberto Palacioto cross theNervionwithout disrupting maritime traffic to thePort of Bilbao. It was built in 1893 and is the world's firsttransporter bridge. | |||
| Works of Antoni Gaudí | Spain 41°24′48″N2°9′11″E | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | — | 1984 | The architecture ofAntoni Gaudíis part of theModernist style, but his designs are described as highly unique. The original listing featuredPark Güell,Palau Güell, andCasa Milà; the 2005 extension addedCasa Vicens, thecryptand nativity façade ofSagrada Família,Casa Batlló, and the crypt atColònia Güell. |
