obdurate是英語中表示"頑固的"概念的形容詞，其核心含義包含"固執拒絕改變想法或行動"和"對情感表現冷漠"兩層語義。該詞在英式發音為/'ɒbdjərət/，美式發音為/'ɑːbdərət/，常用同義詞包括obstinate、stubborn，反義詞有softhearted等。作為形容詞，其派生形式包含副詞obdurately和名詞obdurateness。截至2023年，該詞被列為托福考試中與"固執"相關的重要辭彙之一。
基本介紹
- 詞性：形容詞
- 發音：英/'ɒbdjərət/ 美/'ɑːbdərət/
- 同義詞：obstinate, stubborn, inflexible
- 反義詞：softhearted, yielding
- 考試相關：托福固執類辭彙
- 詞形變化：obdurately（副詞）
發音與詞性,釋義與用法,同義詞與反義詞,考試套用,詞形變化,雙語例句,
發音與詞性
作為形容詞的obdurate存在英美發音差異：英音['ɒbdjərət]注重/dj/連讀，美音['ɑːbdərət]則弱化輔音組合。該詞僅作形容詞使用，不存在動詞或其他詞性用法。
釋義與用法
主要包含三個語義維度：
- 固執性：指堅持錯誤觀點或行為不願改變的頑固特質，例句："The obdurate child refused to apologize"（執拗的孩子拒絕道歉）
- 冷酷性：表現為對他人情感訴求無動於衷，如："His obdurate attitude toward the plea shocked everyone"（他對懇求的冷酷態度令眾人震驚）
- 堅定性（引申義）：在特殊語境下可表示堅硬的，牢固的，如形容防禦工事的牢固
同義詞與反義詞
在語義網路中：
- 近義關聯：與unregenerate（不思悔改的）、hardhearted（鐵石心腸的）構成程度遞增序列
- 反義對比：regenerate（改過自新的）、softhearted（心腸軟的）形成對立表達
考試套用
截至2023年，該詞被中國教育線上列為托福考試重點辭彙，與pertinacious（固執的）、recalcitrant（桀驁不馴的）等辭彙同屬'性格特徵'類考點。
詞形變化
通過後綴變化形成：
- obdurately：副詞形式，描述頑固的行為方式，如："He obdurately maintained his position"
- obdurateness：名詞形式，指頑固的特質，例句："Her obdurateness caused communication breakdown"
雙語例句
He was obdurate to refuse their plan.
他執拗地拒絕他們的計畫。
Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate.
頑固的傲氣和難消的憎恨交織著。
Even obdurate India has begun to look less of an outlier.
就連頑固的印度也開始表現得不那么像一個局外人。
He remained obdurate, refusing to alter his decision.
他依然固執己見，拒不改變決定。
He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.
他在他的頑固拒絕聽取我們的投訴。
A third group were obdurate and still wanted to wait and see.
第三部分人則是頑固地還要等著看。
Stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an opinion, or a course of action; obdurate.
固執的，頑固的：固執地堅持某種態度、觀點或一系列的行為；執迷不悟的。
Among big countries, perhaps only America and Russia are considered more obdurate.
在其他大國，可能只有美國和俄羅斯被認為是更固執的。
A few weeks ago, I spoke to someone who had finally reached the end of her rope with an obdurate boss.
幾個星期前，我有一個朋友受不了她那執迷不悟的老闆了。
Scrooge, the obdurate miser in a Christmas Carol, is finally moved by the Christmas spirit to ACTS of charity.
史克魯基是《小氣財神》里的頑固吝嗇鬼，最後被耶誕精靈感動而做出善舉。
Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits?
有誰會如此頑固不化、缺乏感激之心而不感謝得到了這些無估價的恩惠呢？
Since young King Tommen and his counsellors have become so obdurate, we mean to broach the subject with King Stannis.
既然年幼的托曼國王和他的顧問如此頑固不化，我們就準備跟史坦尼斯國王討論這個問題。
Where the initial memories of the city, even in the face of resolve in time, it is always the most obdurate attitude.
那裡是城市最初的回憶，哪怕在滴水穿石的時間面前，它也總是保持最執拗的姿態。
Francois was obdurate, but when he turned his back, Buck again displaced Sol-leks, who was not at all unwilling to go.
福樓沙仍固執已見，可他一轉身，巴克又代替了索勒·克斯，而後者也很樂意走開。
One naturally wants for things to go well, but if an obdurate pupil flunks trigonometry, it is - at base - their problem.
他們自然希望事情順利，但是如果一個差生在三角學上掛了科，從根本上說，那是他們自己的問題。
Similarly china, soon to be the world ' s largest greenhouse - gas emitter, was, until this year, an obdurate opponent of negotiating beyond kyoto.
同樣的，中國即將成為世界上溫室氣體排放量最大的國家，但中國以前一直極力反對在京都議定書框架之後談判相關氣候變化問題。
For its part, CTNH has been ridiculously obdurate: having said it would not let the name issue stop CTCBN's integration into Euroatlantic organisations, it has done exactly that.
在這一點上，希臘真是過於固執，它曾放言道，不會讓名稱糾紛阻礙馬其頓參與歐洲大西洋一帶的組織，但事實它言行不一。
And for a contrary reason, how disagreeable does he appear to be, whose hard and obdurate heart feels for himself only, but is altogether insensible to the happiness or misery of others!
相反，一個冷酷無情自私，對於別人的幸福或者不幸都完全熟視無睹的人，會是多么讓人掃興啊。
The thesis use the special method , according to the collar line form the obdurate area, trigonometry gridding the collar 3D interspace curve-side , complete the collar model's initial sculpt.
最後，採用了雙向插值的方法，依據領口線的形狀所構成的封閉區域，進行三維衣領空間曲面三角格線化的造型。
But a more profound objection relates to Thornhill's obdurate belief that IQ is a true measure of "crystallised general intelligence" rather than just a measure of ability to perform in IQ tests.
並且對於桑希爾固執的相信IQ可以測出“具體的普遍智力”而非僅僅測出做IQ題的能力，這點也有很多著名的反對理論。
