intoxication的詞源可追溯至中世紀拉丁語intoxicatio（中毒），源自過去分詞intoxicare（使中毒），詞義涵蓋中毒、醉酒及陶醉狀態。該詞最早於約1400年以'intoxigacion'形式出現，表'中毒、施毒'義；1640年代衍生出'醉酒狀態'的現代語義，詞根由in-（進入）與toxicare（毒害）構成。醫學層面定義為異常物質攝入引發的病理狀態，如水攝入過量導致的稀釋性低鈉血症即屬水中毒範疇。
該詞在臨床套用中分為急性中毒（如酒精攝入過量引發中樞神經紊亂）和慢性中毒（如重金屬蓄積損害）。流行病學研究顯示中毒類型包括氣體、農藥及藥物中毒，其中酒精中毒存在顯著性別差異。清朝司法文獻記載了醉酒行為與社會問題的關聯，反映該詞的社會語義演變。現代研究延伸至生物體內毒素代謝機制，如魚類氨中毒的微生物緩解途徑。
基本介紹
- 中文名：中毒；陶醉；喝醉
- 外文名：intoxication
短語,雙語例句,
短語
- 1water intoxication水中毒 ; 短時間內因輸液過多過速
- 2acute alcoholic intoxication中毒 ; 醉酒叫做急性酒精中毒 ; 急性酒精中毒 ; 急性酒中毒
- 3alcohol intoxication酒精中毒 ; 酒中毒 ; 酒精中毒酒精中毒 ; 乙醇中毒
雙語例句
- 1Intoxication interferes with speech and coordination.醉酒影響言語能力和協調性。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
- 2Intoxication interferes with memory and thinking, speech and coordination.醉酒影響記憶、思考，講話和協調性。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
- 3They speak of the sky-pervading sorrow which lowers in the darkness of clouds; the speechless deep intoxication of the forest-roaming spring.它們訴說著黑雲中沉下的漫天哀愁；訴說著春天在漫步於森林中時的無言的深深沉醉。
- 4Pleasant intoxication, as from alcohol.他因醉酒開車被罰款。
- 5Atheism was thus for us a mere intoxication.這樣，無神論對於我們，只是一個麻醉品。
- 6A new intoxication of loneliness, among decaying, frost-cold leaves.一種新的對孤獨的陶醉，在腐爛、霜冷的樹葉中間。
- 7Life is endless enjoyment, permanent happiness and strong intoxication.生命是無盡的享受，永遠的快樂，強烈的陶醉。
- 8Life is endless enjoyment, permanent happiness and strong intoxication.生命就是無盡的享受，永久的快樂，強烈的陶醉。
- 9Infective intoxication, relative bradycardia and roseola were not common.感染中毒症狀，相對緩脈，玫瑰疹少見；
- 10When Della raeched home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and raeson.德拉回家以後，她稍稍用謹慎與理智來代替了陶醉。
- 11That the food will not cause infection or intoxication when properly prepared;適當製備時，食品沒有造成污染和被污染;
- 12In a kind of intoxication he would watch the pinkwhite buds of some backward beech tree.在一種沉醉的狀態中，他注視著晚開的山毛櫸的淡紅花蕾。
- 13As the brain cells continue to swell, the risk of death from water intoxication increases.倘若腦細胞繼續水腫，死亡的風險也將攀升。
- 14The law clearly says any action under compulsion or in a state of intoxication has no effect.他說，“法律明確說明在強制或神智不清的情況下做出的任何行為都是無效的。
- 15The most severe symptoms of water intoxication occur when hyponatremia leads to cerebral edema.當低鈉血症引發腦水腫時，就會出現最嚴重的情況。
- 16In the case of water intoxication, hyponatremia extreme conditions can ultimately lead to coma and death.在水中毒的情況下，極端的低鈉血狀況最終會導致昏迷和死亡。
- 17But if the water consumed too much and drink quickly will occur which can cause water intoxication death.但是，飲水過量且過快，將有可能導致水中毒死亡。
- 18In Nicaragua, investigation and control measures saved hundreds of lives put at risk by methanol intoxication.在尼加拉瓜，調查和控制措施挽救了因甲醇中毒而面臨死亡威脅的數百條生命。
- 19Objective: to study whether or not degenerate Bombyx Batryticatus causes intoxication and toxicity effects.前言：目的：探討變質僵蠶是否引起中毒及毒性作用。
- 20Objective: To observe the neurotoxicity of hypoxia at high altitude in combination with soman intoxication .目的：通過模擬高原缺氧複合梭曼中毒，觀察缺氧、梭曼中毒複合效應的神經毒作用。
- 21Questioner: I understand you to say that creativeness is an intoxication from which it is hard to free oneself.問：我理解你說的，創造是一種陶醉，從中它很難解放自己。
- 22The reward of art is not fame or success but intoxication: that is why so many bad artists are unable to give it up.聲名和成功不是藝術的獎勵，而是陶醉：這就是為什麼那么多差勁的藝術家不能放棄的緣由。
- 23Objective: to explore the role of calcium in the injury of nerve cells induced by soman intoxication and its mechanism.目的：探索鈣在梭曼中毒神經細胞損傷中的作用及其機理。
- 24This suggests that delayed diagnosis and treatment of star fruit intoxication may induce irreversible cerebral changes.這指出在楊桃中毒時，延遲診斷與治療可能會引起腦部不可逆的變化。
- 25I have made an important discovery…that alcohol, taken in sufficient quantities, produces all the effects of intoxication.我有一個嚴重發明――假如攝進腳質酒粗，就會發生各種沉醉的後果。
- 26I have made an important discovery... that alcohol, taken in sufficient quantities, produces all the effects of intoxication.我有一個重大發現——如果攝入足量酒精，就會產生各種陶醉的效果。
- 27When a person died of water intoxication, it usually starts with an acute imbalance of sodium ions that cause damage to large cells.一個死於水中毒的人，常常起發於嚴重的鈉離子失衡所致的大細胞受損。
- 28Nietzsche says that tragedy emerges from the clash between Apollo, god of reason and harmony, and Dionysus, god of intoxication.尼采認為，悲劇源於兩位神的交鋒，即理智與和諧之神阿波羅，迷狂之神(酒神)狄奧尼·索斯。
