caste是英語中描述社會等級制度的核心辭彙,主要指印度教社會中將人們按血統、職業等嚴格劃分的種姓制度,包含婆羅門、剎帝利、吠舍和首陀羅等層級。該詞亦可泛指具有排他性的社會階層劃分,在昆蟲學領域還特指群居昆蟲的功能性社會等級。其詞源可追溯至拉丁語"castus",意為"純潔的"。截至2025年,該辭彙在印度OBCs(其他落後階級)分類中仍涉及3000餘個種姓群體。
基本介紹
- 發音:英音/kɑːst/ 美音/kæst/
- 詞性:名詞
- 近義詞:status、class、hierarchy
- 相關詞組:caste system(種姓制度)、caste pheromone(階層信息素)
- 詞源:源於拉丁語"castus",表"純潔"概念
- 套用領域:社會學、人類學
基本含義
- 特指印度教社會中按血統、職業嚴格區分的種姓制度,包含以"純潔性"為基礎的層級劃分
- 泛指具有排他特徵的社會階層,如遇戰瘋人(Yuuzhan Vong)的工人、戰士和塑形者等職業群體
- 在昆蟲學中指代具有特定功能的群體,如蟻群中工蟻、兵蟻等無性個體
詞源演變
套用領域
- 印度社會:
- 截至2025年,OBCs(其他落後階級)分類涵蓋約3000個種姓
- 傳統制度規定職業世襲、禁止跨等級通婚
- 生物學範疇:
- 描述蜜蜂、螞蟻等社會性昆蟲的職能分工體系
- 跨文化傳播:
- 葡萄牙語、西班牙語等均有對應翻譯辭彙
相關制度
- 種姓制度
- 種姓制度(社會等級制度)
- 種姓制度(社會等級制度)
- 種姓制度(社會等級制度)該制度通過宗教儀式確立社會地位,影響職業選擇、婚姻關係等社會活動。
雙語例句
- The caste system shapes nearly every facet of Indian life. 種姓制度幾乎決定了印度生活的各個方面。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
- Caste is defined primarily by social honour attained through personal lifestyle. 種姓制度的定義源於通過個人生活方式而獲取的社會榮譽。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
- This book treats of the caste system in India. 這本書論述了印度的種姓制度。
- In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. 在印度,種姓和污染的概念之間存在著一種聯繫。
- A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. 種姓制度由等級群體組成,每個群體具有不同的經濟專業化。
- He ignored distinctions of race or caste and was happy to eat rice from an aluminum plate in the house of an untouchable. 他不理睬種族與種姓間的差異,並曾經在一個賤民的家裡很高興地從鋁盤子裡取米飯來吃。
- Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual from a low-ranking caste. 由於害怕污染,婆羅門和其他高種姓的人不會與他人分享食物,不會與他人共用一個盤子,甚至不會接受來自低種姓的人的食物。
- There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India. 食物禁忌和等級之間也有聯繫,這在印度的種姓制度中表現得最為苛刻。
- Mani was given the social caste of Perioeci. 瑪尼被賦予了佩里奧西的社會等級。
- Over aristocratic and caste systems. 超越了貴族與種姓制度。
- A chair is not a caste. 一張椅子並不是一個社會等級。
- The answer lies in the old Indian caste system. 答案在於古印度的種姓制度。
- These were one the caste known as untouchables. 這個階層被看做是“不能觸碰的人”(untouchables)。
- The next caste is the Kshtriya, who are warriors. 下一個等級是剎帝利,是武士。
- Caste is a massively complicated issue still in India. 在印度,種姓制度依然是一個龐大而又複雜的問題
- But more importantly for them, he was from a lower caste. 然而他們認為更重要的是庫馬爾來是一個低種姓。
- Men, especially if poor and from a low caste, suffer too. 男性,尤其是貧窮和低種姓的男性也飽受痛苦。
- I suppose you also have a caste system in your society. 我想你們的社會裡也有一種等級制度。
- Rarely socialise across caste lines, and never inter-marry. 很少跨過種姓的界線應酬,也從不通婚。
- What caste do you belong to? - This is a tricky question. 你屬於什麼階級?——這是個偏題。
- Caste will also be tallied, in a separate survey. See article. 種姓也將進行統計,並單獨調查。
- The failure of less powerful caste-groups to adapt is more pathetic. 對於那些下等種姓團體來說,失敗無異於是痛苦的。
- For any typical clerk marrying a caste girl and seating on seashore? 一個典型的員工娶到一位有地位的女孩,或者是坐在海灘上?
- I couldn't help feeling that she was making fun of high-caste people. 我不禁覺得她是在嘲笑高種姓的人。
- The best answer would be where the candidate is unaware of his or her caste. 最佳答案應該是候選人沒有意識到他或她的階級。
- At the bottom of this caste system, as before, are the shareholders, who get any leftovers. 在這個系統的底部,股東和以前一樣只有最後的求償權。

