Amygdala(英語單詞)

Amygdala是英語名詞，音標為英[əˈmɪɡdələ]/美[əˈmɪɡdələ]，複數形式為amygdalae。其核心釋義包括解剖學中的杏仁核（大腦邊緣系統灰質團塊）與扁桃腺（咽喉部組織），以及植物學中的苦巴旦杏。作為跨學科術語，該詞在神經科學及醫學領域套用最廣，常指涉大腦情感記憶調節中樞。

解剖學中，杏仁核由基底外側核、中央核等亞區構成，與海馬體同為邊緣系統關鍵組件，負責情緒生成及恐懼反應調控。20世紀90年代起，研究證實其通過GABA能突觸參與焦慮調節，並與前額葉皮層協同影響情景記憶處理。21世紀以來，影像學及分子生物學研究揭示了杏仁核在神經退行性疾病、強迫症及攻擊行為中的病理機制，例如TDP-43蛋白異常沉積、帕羅西汀治療引發的體積變化等。實驗室模型中，其功能研究涵蓋恐懼記憶再鞏固、癲癇動物建模及針刺鎮痛機制等領域。

基本介紹

• 外文名：Amygdala
• 詞性：名詞
• 英式音標：[əˈmɪɡdələ]
• 美式音標：[əˈmɪɡdələ]

單詞釋義

英 [əˈmɪɡdələ] 美 [əˈmɪɡdələ]

n. [解剖] 杏仁核；扁桃腺；苦巴旦杏

[ 複數 amygdalae ]

短語搭配

basolateral amygdala 杏仁基底外側核 ; 來稱基底外側杏仁核 ; 基底外側核 ; 底外側核

central nucleus of amygdala 杏仁中央核 ; 杏仁中心核 ; 室或同側杏仁中央核

central amygdala 中央杏仁核 ; 和杏仁中央核

basolateral nucleus of amygdala 杏仁基底外側核 ; 外側核

extended amygdala 泛杏仁核結構

The amygdala 杏仁核

Hippocampus and Amygdala 海馬回與杏仁核

雙語例句

• The blurred imagery of Impressionist paintings seems to stimulate the brain's amygdala. 印象派繪畫的模糊圖像似乎會刺激大腦的杏仁核。
• When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. 當人們說假話時，科學家們注意到他們的杏仁核會突然活躍起來。
• The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. 杏仁核從大腦的許多部分接收信息，包括負責檢索記憶的區域。
• Since the amygdala plays a crucial role in our feelings, that finding might explain why many people find these pieces so moving. 由於杏仁核對我們的感覺有至關重要的作用，這一發現或許可以解釋為什麼很多人認為這些畫作如此生動。
• The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses—including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. 杏仁核是大腦中產生恐懼、焦慮和情緒反應的關鍵部分，包括說謊時產生的下沉感和負罪感。
• The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear, anxiety and emotional responses including that sinking, guilty feeling you get when you lie. 杏仁核是大腦的關鍵部分，它產生恐懼、焦慮和情緒反應，包括說謊時的低落、內疚感。
• When scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner, they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. 當科學家們讓實驗對象玩一個通過欺騙搭檔來贏錢的遊戲時，他們注意到來自杏仁核的負面信號開始減少。
• Using this information, the amygdala appraised a situation—I think this charging dog wants to bite me—and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. 利用這些信息，扁桃體對情景進行了評估，認為這隻狗想要衝過來咬我，所以通過向全身發出神經信號來觸發反應。
• It keeps the amygdala in check... usually. 通常它能使杏仁核受到抑制。
• House then analyzed its brains for evidence of excitation in the amygdala. 隨後，House分析了它們的大腦，以找到扁桃核發生興奮的證據。
• They decided to try simultaneously activating DLSC while inhibiting the amygdala. 他們決定嘗試在激活DLSC的同時抑制杏仁核。
• For those that don't know, the amygdala is the emotional center of the brain. 當觀眾沒有了解電影內容時，扁桃體就是他們大腦的情感中心組織。
• Well, a new study in the journal Cell says you can thank your amygdala for that. 如果是這樣，《細胞》雜誌上的一項新研究提醒你，你得為此感謝自己的杏仁體。
• "Toxoplasma is altering these circuits in the amygdala, muddling fear and attraction," House said. “弓形蟲改變了扁桃核內的神經迴路，將警誡和誘惑混淆了。”House說。
• Thus, changing levels of galanin in the amygdala will have an effect on an individual's emotional state. 因此，改變杏仁體中甘丙肽的水平將會影響人的情緒狀態。
• However, when the proteins produced by the amygdala were blocked the mice did not exhibit the same trait. 然而，當扁桃體產生的蛋白質受到阻礙，老鼠也表現出不同的性格特徵。
• And they saw decreased density in the amygdala-which is responsible for our anxiety and stress responses. 同時扁桃體——負責焦慮和壓力反映——的密度降低。
• The amygdala damage did not appear to affect risk-aversion-a similar behavior with an important difference. 大腦杏仁核受損似乎並不影響“規避風險”，這是一個與“規避損失”類似但有很大不同的行為。
• Women's brains also showed decreased activity in the amygdala and hippocampus, which deal with fear and anxiety. 女人的大腦還表現為，杏仁體和海馬體活動性降低。 二者與恐懼和焦慮有關。
• The recent research found that the parasite infects the amygdala, a region associated with emotional states. 最近的研究發現這種寄生蟲感染了大腦中的扁桃核區域，這一區域與情緒狀態有關。
• It also suggests that the basolateral amygdala drives the ability of new neurons to be part of an emotional memory. 研究也表明了基底外側杏仁核對新生神經元形成情感性記憶的驅動作用。
• A structure next to the hippocampus called the amygdala is known to play a role in stamping this indelible mark. 海馬區旁邊有一個被稱為‘杏仁核’的結構體，已知在烙下不可磨滅印記中起到一定作用。
• Perhaps the explanation is differences in the level of brain development when the amygdala damage occurred, she suggested. 她也表示，對同類實驗結果的極大差異的解釋可能為，當杏仁核損傷發生時，不同人大腦的發育水平並不盡相同。
• I would argue that the rapid emotional responses caused by the amygdala are actually the generated by our unconscious mind. 我想爭辯的是，由杏仁核引起的快速的情緒反應，事實上是由潛意識產生的。
• But the amygdala and the periaqueductal gray are ancient parts of the brain, dating back hundreds of millions of years. 不過，小腦扁桃體和中腦導水管周圍灰質是大腦的兩個古老原始的區域，可以追溯到億萬年前。
• The amygdala, and its super fast reactionary responses is undoubtedly a major reason why we humans survived and evolved. 毫無疑問，杏仁核和它的超快的反應能力是我們人類存活和進化的主要原因。
• However, when they destroyed the basolateral amygdala, new neurons were no longer activated in response to the fearful memory. 但是當研究者破壞大鼠的杏仁核的基底外側區域後，恐懼場景就不再能夠激活新生神經元了。
• But a study suggests that the larger the amygdala, the wider and more complex is its owner's network of friends and colleagues. 但是一項研究顯示，一個人的杏仁核越大，他的朋友圈和同事圈就越大越複雜。