伊利諾州(伊利諾州)

伊利諾州

伊利諾州一般指本詞條

伊利諾州(Illinois)位於美國中西部,北接威斯康星州,東北瀕密西根湖,東界印第安納州,東南鄰肯塔基州,西隔密西西比河密蘇里州愛荷華州相望。面積14.6萬平方公里,首府斯普林菲爾德(Springfield)。

該州別名“內陸帝國” (The Inland Empire)或“草原之州” (The Prairie State)。州花是紫羅蘭(Native Violet)。州鳥是北美紅雀(Cardinal)。州樹是白橡(White Oak)。

基本介紹

  • 中文名稱:伊利諾州
  • 外文名稱:Illinois
  • 別名:“林肯之地”、草原之州
  • 行政區類別:聯邦州
  • 所屬地區美國
  • 政府駐地斯普林菲爾德
  • 地理位置:36°58'N  42°30'N 87°30'W
  • 面積:149,998
  • 人口:1242萬人(2000年)
  • 機場:芝加哥奧黑爾國際機場
  • 建立時間:1809年2月3日
  • 郵編區碼:IL
  • 特產:玉米,大豆,生豬,牛,奶,小麥
  • 知名產業:煤、石油、鉛、鋅、石灰石玻璃砂
  • 州長派屈克·奎因
歷史沿革,行政區劃,地理環境,地貌,氣候,自然資源,人口民族,經濟概況,農業經濟,工業經濟,服務業,政府財政,社會事業,教育事業,新聞事業,友好城市,交通運輸,風俗民情,宗教,人文景點,著名人物,

歷史沿革

以印第安人伊利諾伊部落之名命名。1673年,法國探險家路易·若利埃和雅克·馬凱特首先探測了密西西比河和伊利諾伊河。1763年,英國取得密西西比河以東地區的統治權。1784年劃歸美國。1809年2月3日,伊利諾伊領地成立。1818年,伊利諾成為美國第21州。因1834年林肯當選為州議員開始其政治生涯,該州也被稱為“林肯之地”。
伊利諾州伊利諾州

行政區劃

首府是位於伊州中部的春田市,是伊州的政治中心。芝加哥是伊州最大城市,為僅次於紐約和洛杉磯的美國第三大城市。芝加哥及周圍6縣構成大芝加哥地區。
州徽州徽
重要城市:芝加哥、埃文斯頓埃爾金奧克朗、喬利矣特、奧羅拉、沃其根、羅克福德迪卡爾布羅克艾蘭、蓋爾斯堡、皮奧里亞、諾黙爾、厄巴納-香檳、丹維尓、特雷霍持,印第安納州、斯普林菲爾德州府、布盧明頓、迪凱持、奧爾頓、東聖路易斯森特勒利亞、卡本代爾、帕度卡,肯塔基州。
CountyFIPS codeCounty seatEstablishedOriginEtymologyPopulationAreaMap
Adams County
001
1825
Pike County
John Quincy Adams(1767–1848), sixthPresident of the United States
67,103
857sqmi
(2,220km)
Alexander County
003
1819
Union County
William M. Alexander, a settler and state representative in theIllinois General Assembly
8,238
236sqmi
(611km)
Bond County
005
Greenville
1817
Crawford County, Edwards County, and Madison County
Shadrach Bond(1773–1832), FirstGovernor of Illinois
17,768
380sqmi
(984km)
Boone County
007
Belvidere
1837
Winnebago County
Daniel Boone(1734-1820), trailblazer of theWilderness Roadin Kentucky
54,165
281sqmi
(728km)
Brown County
009
Mount Sterling
1839
Schuyler County
Jacob Brown(1775–1828), a successfulAmerican Revolutionarmy officer responsible for Great Lakes defenses
6,937
306sqmi
(793km)
Bureau County
011
Princeton
1837
Putnam County
Pierre de Bureo, Frenchman,North American fur trader
34,978
869sqmi
(2,251km)
Calhoun County
013
Hardin
1825
Pike County
John C. Calhoun(1782–1850),South Carolinasenator and seventhVice President of the United States
5,089
254sqmi
(658km)
Carroll County
015
Mount Carroll
1839
Jo Daviess
Charles Carroll of Carrollton(1737–1832), signed theDeclaration of Independenceon behalf ofMaryland
15,387
444sqmi
(1,150km)
Cass County
017
1837
Morgan County
Lewis Cass(1782–1866), second governor ofMichigan Territory, fourteenthUnited States Secretary of War
13,642
376sqmi
(974km)
Champaign County
019
Urbana
1833
Vermilion County
Champaign County, Ohio, which took its name from theFrenchfor "open level country"
201,081
997sqmi
(2,582km)
Christian County
021
Taylorville
1839
Sangamon County
Christian County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterColonel William Christian
34,800
709sqmi
(1,836km)
Clark County
023
Marshall
1819
Crawford County
George Rogers Clark(1752–1818), highest-ranking officer in theNorthwest Territoryduring theAmerican Revolution
16,335
502sqmi
(1,300km)
Clay County
025
Louisville
1824
Wayne, Lawrence, Fayette, and Crawford County
Henry Clay(1777–1852), Kentucky legislator who negotiated theMissouri Compromise
13,815
469sqmi
(1,215km)
Clinton County
027
Carlyle
1824
Washington, Bond, and Fayette County
DeWitt Clinton(1769–1828),Governor of New York, responsible for the construction of theErie Canal
37,762
474sqmi
(1,228km)
Coles County
029
Charleston
1830
Clark and Edgar County
Edward Coles(1786–1868), secondGovernor of Illinois, responsible for the abolition of slavery in Illinois
53,873
508sqmi
(1,316km)
Cook County
031
1831
Putnam County
Daniel Pope Cook(1794–1827), politician and firstAttorney General of Illinois
5,194,675
946sqmi
(2,450km)
Crawford County
033
1816
Edwards County
William H. Crawford(1772–1834), ninthUnited States Secretary of War, seventhSecretary of the Treasury
19,817
444sqmi
(1,150km)
Cumberland County
035
1843
Coles County
Disputed:Cumberland Road, which entered the county;Cumberland, Maryland; orCumberland Riverin Kentucky
11,048
346sqmi
(896km)
DeKalb County
037
Sycamore
1837
Kane County
Johann de Kalb(1721–80), German soldier in theContinental Armywho fought alongsideGilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette
105,160
634sqmi
(1,642km)
DeWitt County
039
Clinton
1839
Macon and McLean County
DeWitt Clinton(1769–1828),Governor of New York, responsible for the construction of theErie Canal
16,561
398sqmi
(1,031km)
Douglas County
041
Tuscola
1859
Coles County
Stephen A. Douglas(1813–61), prominent Illinois Democrat whoengaged in debateswithAbraham Lincoln
19,980
417sqmi
(1,080km)
DuPage County
043
Wheaton
1839
Cook County
DuPage River
916,924
334sqmi
(865km)
Edgar County
045
Paris
1823
Clark County
John Edgar(c. 1750–1832), Illinois delegate to theNorthwest Territorylegislature; at time, wealthiest man in Illinois
18,576
624sqmi
(1,616km)
Edwards County
047
1814
Gallatin County and Madison County
Ninian Edwards(1775–1833), thirdGovernor of the State of Illinoisand only governor of theIllinois Territory
6,721
222sqmi
(575km)
Effingham County
049
Effingham
1831
Fayette and Crawford County
Lord Thomas Effingham, military officer who resigned from theBritish Armyto avoid fighting the American colonies
34,242
479sqmi
(1,241km)
Fayette County
051
Vandalia
1821
Bond, Wayne, Clark, Jefferson, and Crawford County
Marquis de la Fayette(1757–1834), French military officer who was a key factor in theAmericanandFrench Revolutions.
22,140
716sqmi
(1,854km)
Ford County
053
Paxton
1859
Vermilion County
Thomas Ford(1800–50), eighthGovernor of Illinois; served during theIllinois Mormon War
14,081
486sqmi
(1,259km)
Franklin County
055
1818
White County and Gallatin County
Benjamin Franklin(1706–90), prolific writer, inventor, and politician; key factor in theAmerican Revolution
39,561
412sqmi
(1,067km)
Fulton County
057
Lewistown
1823
Pike County
Robert Fulton(1765–1815), inventor of thesteamboat
37,069
866sqmi
(2,243km)
Gallatin County
059
Shawneetown
1812
Randolph County
Albert Gallatin(1761–1849), fourth and longest-servingUnited States Secretary of the Treasury
5,589
324sqmi
(839km)
Greene County
061
Carrollton
1821
Madison County
Nathanael Greene(1742–86), major general in theContinental Army
13,886
543sqmi
(1,406km)
Grundy County
063
1841
LaSalle County
Felix Grundy(1777–1840),Tennesseansenator that served as the thirteenthUnited States Attorney General
50,063
420sqmi
(1,088km)
Hamilton County
065
McLeansboro
1821
White County
Alexander Hamilton(1755–1804), firstUnited States Secretary of the Treasury
8,457
435sqmi
(1,127km)
Hancock County
067
Carthage
1825
Adams County
John Hancock(1737–93), first governor of theMassachusetts colonyand president of theSecond Continental Congress
19,104
795sqmi
(2,059km)
Hardin County
069
Elizabethtown
1839
Pope County
Hardin County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterJohn Hardin
4,320
178sqmi
(461km)
Henderson County
071
Oquawka
1841
Warren County
Henderson County, Kentucky, which was itself named afterRichard Henderson
7,331
379sqmi
(982km)
Henry County
073
1825
Fulton County
Patrick Henry(1736-99),American Revolutionary Warfigure and first and sixthGovernor of Virginia
50,486
823sqmi
(2,132km)
Iroquois County
075
Watseka
1833
Vermilion County
IroquoisNative Americans
29,718
1,116sqmi
(2,890km)
Jackson County
077
Murphysboro
1816
Randolph County and Johnson County
Andrew Jackson(1767-1845), seventhPresident of the United States, United States Senator fromTennessee, and general in theWar of 1812
60,218
588sqmi
(1,523km)
Jasper County
079
1831
Clay and Crawford County
Sgt.William Jasper(c. 1750-79),American Revolutionary Warsoldier popularized byParson Weems
9,698
494sqmi
(1,279km)
Jefferson County
081
Mount Vernon
1819
Edwards and White County
Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826), thirdPresident of the United States, secondVice President of the United States,Governor of Virginia, and one of the foremostFounding Fathers of the United States
38,827
571sqmi
(1,479km)
Jersey County
083
Jerseyville
1839
Greene County
State ofNew Jersey, from which many early settlers hailed
22,985
369sqmi
(956km)
Jo Daviess County
085
Galena
1827
Henry, Mercer, and Putnam County
Joseph Hamilton Daveiss(1774-1811), commander of the Indiana Dragoons at theBattle of Tippecanoe
22,678
601sqmi
(1,557km)
Johnson County
087
1812
Randolph County
Richard Mentor Johnson(abt. 1780-1850), ninthVice President of the United Statesand United States Senator formKentucky
12,582
346sqmi
(896km)
Kane County
089
Geneva
1836
LaSalle County
Elias Kane(1794-1835), United States Senator fromIllinois
515,269
521sqmi
(1,349km)
Kankakee County
091
Kankakee
1853
Iroquois and Will County
Kankakee River
113,449
678sqmi
(1,756km)
Kendall County
093
1841
LaSalle and Kane County
Amos Kendall(1789-1869),United States Postmaster Generalunder PresidentsAndrew JacksonandMartin Van Buren
114,736
321sqmi
(831km)
Knox County
095
Galesburg
1825
Fulton County
Gen.Henry Knox(1750-1806),American Revolutionary Wargeneral and firstUnited States Secretary of War
52,919
716sqmi
(1,854km)
Lake County
097
Waukegan
1839
McHenry County
Lake Michigan
703,462
448sqmi
(1,160km)
LaSalle County
099
Ottawa
1831
Putnam and Tazewell County
Sieur de la Salle(1643-87), French explorer of theGreat Lakes.
113,924
1,135sqmi
(2,940km)
Lawrence County
101
Lawrenceville
1821
Crawford and Edwards County
Capt.James Lawrence(1781-1813), commander of theUSSChesapeakein theWar of 1812. Famous for his command "Don't give up the ship!"
16,833
372sqmi
(963km)
Lee County
103
Dixon
1839
Ogle County
"Light Horse"Henry Lee III(1756-1818),American Revolutionary Warofficer and ninthGovernor of Virginia
36,031
725sqmi
(1,878km)
Livingston County
105
1837
LaSalle and McLean County
Edward Livingston(1764-1836), prominent jurist, Congressman fromNew YorkandLouisiana, andU.S. Secretary of Statefrom 1831-33.
38,950
1,044sqmi
(2,704km)
Logan County
107
1839
Sangamon County
John Logan, a country doctor and early settler, and the father ofJohn A. Logan.
30,305
618sqmi
(1,601km)
Macon County
115
Decatur
1829
Shelby County
Nathaniel Macon(1758-1837), sixthSpeaker of the United States House of RepresentativesandUnited States SenatorfromNorth Carolina.
110,768
581sqmi
(1,505km)
Macoupin County
117
Carlinville
1829
Greene County
Native American wordMacoupin, meaningAmerican lotus
47,765
864sqmi
(2,238km)
Madison County
119
Edwardsville
1812
St. Clair County and Randolph County
James Madison(1751-1836), fourthPresident of the United Statesand principal author of theConstitution of the United States.
269,282
725sqmi
(1,878km)
Marion County
121
1823
Fayette and Jefferson County
Francis Marion(c. 1732-95), general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warknown as "The Swamp Fox"
39,437
572sqmi
(1,481km)
Marshall County
123
Lacon
1839
Putnam County
John Marshall (1755-1835), fourth and longest-servingChief Justice of the United States, wrote opinion inMarbury v. Madisonestablishing the principle ofjudicial review
12,640
386sqmi
(1,000km)
Mason County
125
1841
Tazewell and Menard County
Named afterMason County, Kentucky, itself named afterGeorge Mason
14,666
539sqmi
(1,396km)
Massac County
127
1843
Pope and Johnson County
Fort Massac, a colonial-era fort on theOhio River
15,429
239sqmi
(619km)
McDonough County
109
Macomb
1826
Schuyler County
CommodoreThomas Macdonough(1783-1825), commander of American naval forces at theBattle of Plattsburgh
32,612
589sqmi
(1,526km)
McHenry County
111
1836
Cook and LaSalle County
MajorWilliam McHenry(c. 1771-1835), officer in during several campaigns againstNative Americansand member of the Illinois legislature
308,760
604sqmi
(1,564km)
McLean County
113
1830
Tazewell County
John McLean(1791-1830),United States RepresentativeandUnited States Senatorfrom Illinois (the latter from 1824-25 and 1829-30)
169,572
1,184sqmi
(3,067km)
Menard County
129
Petersburg
1839
Sangamon County
Pierre Menard(1766-1844), prominent early settler and firstLieutenant Governor of Illinois
12,705
314sqmi
(813km)
Mercer County
131
Aledo
1825
Schuyler County
Hugh Mercer(1726-77), British officer in theSeven Years' Warand general in theContinental Armyduring theAmerican Revolutionary War
16,434
561sqmi
(1,453km)
Monroe County
133
1816
Randolph County and St. Clair County
James Monroe(1758-1831), seventhUnited States Secretary of State, eighthUnited States Secretary of War,Governor of Virginia, and fifthPresident of the United States
32,957
388sqmi
(1,005km)
Montgomery County
135
Hillsboro
1821
Bond and Madison County
Gen.Richard Montgomery(1738-75), brigadier-general in theContinental Armywho led the unsuccessfulinvasion of Canada
30,104
704sqmi
(1,823km)
Morgan County
137
Jacksonville
1823
Sangamon County
Gen.Daniel Morgan(1736-1802), successful tactician in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand laterUnited States RepresentativefromVirginia
35,547
569sqmi
(1,474km)
Moultrie County
139
Sullivan
1843
Shelby and Macon County
Gen.William Moultrie(1730-1805),American Revolutionary Wargeneral andGovernor of South Carolina
14,846
336sqmi
(870km)
Ogle County
141
Oregon
1836
Jo Daviess
Joseph Ogle(1737-1821), early settler in southwest Illinois, who helped found the firstMethodistchurch in Illinois
53,497
759sqmi
(1,966km)
Peoria County
143
Peoria
1825
Fulton County
ThePeoriaNative American tribe
186,494
620sqmi
(1,606km)
Perry County
145
Pinckneyville
1827
Randolph and Jackson County
CommodoreOliver Hazard Perry(1785-1819), American naval officer who led the victorious American forces at theBattle of Lake Erie
22,350
441sqmi
(1,142km)
Piatt County
147
Monticello
1841
DeWitt and Macon County
John Piatt, the patriarch of a prominent settler family in the early history of the county
16,729
440sqmi
(1,140km)
Pike County
149
Pittsfield
1821
Madison, Bond, and Clark County
Zebulon Pike(1779-1813), early explorer of theAmerican Southwest, namesake ofPikes Peak
16,430
830sqmi
(2,150km)
Pope County
151
Golconda
1816
Gallatin and Johnson County
Nathaniel Pope(1784-1850), early Delegate fromIllinois Territoryto Congress and judge on theUnited States District Court for the District of Illinois
4,470
371sqmi
(961km)
Pulaski County
153
Mound City
1843
Alexander and Johnson County
Gen.Casimir Pulaski(1745-79),Polish Americangeneral of cavalry in theAmerican Revolutionary War
6,161
201sqmi
(521km)
Putnam County
155
Hennepin
1825
Fulton County
Gen.Israel Putnam(1718-90), commander of American forces at theBattle of Bunker Hill
6,006
160sqmi
(414km)
Randolph County
157
1795
St. Clair County
Edmund Randolph(1753-1813), firstAttorney General of the United States, and brieflyUnited States Secretary of State
33,476
578sqmi
(1,497km)
Richland County
159
Olney
1841
Clay and Lawrence County
Richland County, Ohio, itself named for its richsoil
16,233
360sqmi
(932km)
Rock Island County
161
Rock Island
1831
Jo Daviess County
Rock Island
147,546
427sqmi
(1,106km)
Saline County
165
Harrisburg
1847
Gallatin County
Salt springs within the county
24,913
383sqmi
(992km)
Sangamon County
167
1821
Madison and Bond County
Sangamon River
197,465
868sqmi
(2,248km)
Schuyler County
169
Rushville
1825
Pike and Fulton County
Gen.Philip Schuyler(1733-1804),American Revolutionary Wargeneral andUnited States SenatorfromNew York
7,544
437sqmi
(1,132km)
Scott County
171
1839
Morgan County
Scott County, Kentucky, itself named afterCharles Scott
5,355
251sqmi
(650km)
Shelby County
173
Shelbyville
1827
Fayette County
Isaac Shelby(1750-1826), soldier in theAmerican Revolutionary WarandWar of 1812, and first and fifthGovernor of Kentucky
22,363
759sqmi
(1,966km)
St. Clair County
163
Belleville
1790
original two counties
Arthur St. Clair(1737-1818), major general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand first Governor of theNorthwest Territory
270,056
664sqmi
(1,720km)
Stark County
175
1839
Knox and Putnam County
Gen.John Stark(1728-1822), general in theAmerican Revolutionary War, called the "Hero ofBennington"
5,994
288sqmi
(746km)
Stephenson County
177
Freeport
1837
Jo Daviess and Winnebago County
Benjamin Stephenson(1769-1822), representative ofIllinois Territoryin theUnited States Congressfrom 1814 to 1816
47,711
564sqmi
(1,461km)
Tazewell County
179
Pekin
1827
Sangamon County
Littleton Waller Tazewell(1774-1860), United States Senator from (and later governor of)Virginia
135,394
649sqmi
(1,681km)
Union County
181
Jonesboro
1818
Johnson County
The federal union of the states
17,808
416sqmi
(1,077km)
Vermilion County
183
Danville
1826
Edgar County
TheVermilion River
81,625
899sqmi
(2,328km)
Wabash County
185
Mount Carmel
1824
Edwards County
TheWabash River
11,947
224sqmi
(580km)
Warren County
187
Monmouth
1825
Schuyler County
Joseph Warren(1741-75), played a role inAmerican Patriotmovements, a prominent early fatality in theAmerican Revolutionary War
17,707
543sqmi
(1,406km)
Washington County
189
1818
St. Clair County
George Washington(1732-99), commander-in-chief of American forces in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand firstPresident of the United States
14,716
563sqmi
(1,458km)
191
Fairfield
1819
Edwards County
Gen. "Mad"Anthony Wayne(1745-96),major generalin the United States Army in theAmerican Revolutionary Warand theNorthwest Indian War
16,760
714sqmi
(1,849km)
White County
193
Carmi
1815
Gallatin County
Isaac White(1776-1811), resident of Illinois who enlisted in the Indiana militia and was killed at theBattle of Tippecanoe
14,665
495sqmi
(1,282km)
Whiteside County
195
1836
Jo Daviess and Henry County
Samuel Whiteside(1783-1868), state legislator and militia leader
58,498
685sqmi
(1,774km)
Will County
197
1836
Cook and Iroquois County
Conrad Will(1779-1835),physician, local businessman and longtime member of the state legislature
677,560
837sqmi
(2,168km)
Williamson County
199
1839
Franklin County
Hugh Williamson(1735-1819), delegate fromNorth Carolinato thePhiladelphia Convention
66,357
424sqmi
(1,098km)
Winnebago County
201
Rockford
1836
Jo Daviess
WinnebagoNative Americans
295,266
514sqmi
(1,331km)
Woodford County
203
Eureka
1841
Tazewell and McLean County
Gen.William Woodford(1734-80), brigadier general in theAmerican Revolutionary Warwho died while a British prisoner
38,664
528sqmi
(1,368km)

地理環境

地貌

伊利諾州地勢平坦,平均海拔182米,自北向南傾斜。西北部較高,有起伏平緩的丘陵。全境最高點海拔378米,為西北角有查爾斯丘。北部和中部的黑土非常肥沃,為世界上最佳耕地之一。地表有厚層冰川沉積,叫做冰磧層。第四紀內,北美洲北部及中部出現大陸冰川。冰川向南推進時,把全州大部分地面蝕平,好似平鍋的鍋底。冰川融化後消失,把冰內夾帶的泥砂石塊堆積在地面上,成為冰磧物,似一張圓餅攤在鍋底的平面上。冰川避開了州西北角及州境南端兩個丘陵區,這一帶未遭受大陸冰川的破壞。南部馬里恩附近小丘區是大陸冰川南進的限界。南端河岸港開羅以南未受冰川的刨蝕。除上述西北角及南端大丘陵區外,都遭受大陸冰川覆蓋數千年到數萬年之久。
伊利諾州(伊利諾州)

氣候

伊利諾州屬溫帶氣候,冬季寒冷多雪,夏炎熱。冬季平均氣溫,北部為-6℃,南部為3℃;夏季平均氣溫分別為21和25℃。年平均降水,北部為800~1200毫米,南部為1200~1600毫米。南部生長期為210天,最北部僅有160天。

自然資源

伊利諾州主要礦產有煤、石油、、鋅、石灰石和玻璃砂。煤產量居全國第四位,石油居第八位。煤炭主要分布於州的中部和南部,石油分布於南部。其他礦產資源有鉛、鋅、石灰石和玻璃砂等。

人口民族

伊利諾州人口約1291萬,位居全美第5,白人、黑人、拉美裔及亞太裔分別占總人口的71.4%、 14.6%、14.9%和4.3%,約有華僑華人10餘萬人。

經濟概況

農業經濟

該州是全國主要的農業州之一。全州80%的土地為農業用地。每個農戶平均耕種140公頃(約2100畝)農田。大豆產量居全國首位;玉米產量有時占第一位,有時居第二位;豬肉和牛肉產量亦均名列前茅。

工業經濟

伊利諾伊工業主要集中在芝加哥。由於靠近鐵礦產地,交通方便,鋼鐵工業發展迅速,芝加哥已取代鋼都匹茲堡成為全國最大的鋼鐵工業中心。農業機械、建築機械和金屬製品產量居各州之冠;電機產量名列第三;汽車工業也很重要,有55萬職工從事機動車輛的製造和裝配。食品工業僅次於加利福尼亞州。印刷業和出版業僅次於紐約州,居全國第二位。

服務業

伊州是美國傳統製造業中心,也是美國交通運輸及物流配送中心。建築機械、農業器具、通訊設備、生物技術及金融、保險、諮詢和批發零售等服務業發達。全州有2300多家商業銀行,1000家儲蓄銀行,2000多家保險機構,並有11200多個金融從業公司。芝加哥商業交易所(集團)是世界最大的期貨交易所。

政府財政

二十一世紀初以來,評級機構一直在下調伊利諾州的信用評級,伊利諾州欠下了巨額養老金債務,此外還積欠了150億美元的未付賬單,且在州議員2015年聽憑一項上調所得稅的臨時政策到期終止後,該州的財政收入出現下降。2017年6月,評級機構將該州的評級降至只比“垃圾”級高一級的水平。

社會事業

教育事業

該州大專院校188所,數量居全美第5位,在校生75萬人,每百人中就有6.4個大學生。著名的高等學府有芝加哥大學(1891年)、西北大學(1851年)、伊利諾伊大學
主要大學:西北大學、芝加哥大學、伊利諾大學厄巴納-香檳分校、伊利諾州立大學、伊利諾大學芝加哥分校、南伊利諾伊大學、伊利諾理工學院羅耀拉大學、帝波大學、芝加哥藝術學院

新聞事業

該州共有報紙700多份,其中日報50份,主要有《芝加哥論壇報》和《芝加哥太陽時報》。有50餘家電視台,近400家電台。

友好城市

伊州與遼寧省(1982年)和台灣省(1992年)互為友好省州,芝加哥與瀋陽(1985年)和上海(1985年)互為友城。此外,喬利埃特(Joliet)、洛克福特(Rockford)、柏林布魯克(Bolingbrook)、佩里亞(Peoria)、蓋利斯伯格(Galesburg)分別與遼寧省遼陽市、江蘇省常州市、河南省許昌市、遼寧省本溪市和安徽省馬鞍山市互為友城。

交通運輸

伊利諾州被認為是美國的交通中心。芝加哥是世界最大的鐵路樞紐,有30條鐵路幹線及其支線匯集於此。全州有鐵路37000公里,居全國第二位。1848年開鑿伊利諾伊—密西根運河以後,溝通了東北部的聖勞倫斯水道和西部的密西西比水道,使本州與其他各州之間的水運更加便利。州內有幾十個機場,最大的是芝加哥的奧黑爾菲爾德國際機場和米德韋機場
伊利諾州(伊利諾州)
重要機場:芝加哥歐海爾國際機場、芝加哥中途國際機場
重要高速公路:55號州際公路、57號州際公路、70號州際公路、72號州際公路、74號州際公路、80號州際公路、88號州際公路(西段)、90號州際公路、94號州際公路、290號州際公路、294號州際公路、355號州際公路。

風俗民情

宗教

宗教上,伊利諾州不像其它中西部的州﹙新教徒占有極大比例﹚,而僅有半數的居民是新教徒,羅馬天主教的比例則大約為三分之一,多分布在芝加哥都會區周圍。整個人口信仰比例為:
51%新教徒﹙Protestant﹚
伊利諾州伊利諾州
33% 羅馬天主教徒Roman Catholic
1% 其他基督教派的教徒 Other Christian
3% 其他宗教教徒Other Religions
8% 無信仰者 Non-Religious
伊利諾州前三大新教徒是:浸禮會﹙Baptist:15%﹚、路德會(Lutheran:5%)、衛理公會﹙Methodist:8%﹚。

人文景點

芝加哥美術館(Art Institute of Chicago)位於伊利諾州芝加哥市,創建於1891年,因薈萃世界各地藝術珍品而負有盛名,它既是世界上最古老的美術展覽館之一,也是當今美國三大美術館之一。
芝加哥美術館正門芝加哥美術館正門
布魯克菲爾德動物園(Brookfield Zoo)正式名稱芝加哥動物園(Chicago Zoological Park)。建於1934年,以其大規模的開放式場地出名。
菲爾德自然史博物館(The Field Museum of Natural History)最早建立於1893年9月,至今該館已收集有兩千多萬種生物及人文標本,每年組織有大量的展覽、研究和教育項目,館內的自然史圖書館藏書達25萬冊。

著名人物

作家卡爾·山柏格(Carl Sandburg)、作家恩尼斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway)、廣播電視喜劇演員克·班尼(Jack Benny)、女詩人關朵琳·布魯克絲(GwendolynBrooks)、南京大屠殺時保護平民的美國傳教士明妮·魏特琳、創意動畫家/迪士尼樂園創辦人華德·迪士尼(Walt Disney)、以及美國第四十任總統隆納·雷根(Ronald Reagan)。

相關詞條

熱門詞條

聯絡我們