sediment

sediment是英語中的名詞和動詞，發音為英 [ˈsedɪmənt]、美 [ˈsedəmənt]。詞源可追溯至拉丁語“sedere”（坐下）加後綴“-ment”，引申為沉積物。作為名詞時，指液體中沉澱的固態物質或地質學中經自然作用形成的沉積物（如沙石、泥沙等）；作動詞時，表示沉澱過程或沉積物的形成。其複數形式為“sediments”，動詞變位包括“sedimenting”“sedimented”等。

該詞廣泛套用於地質學、環境科學及海洋學等領域，描述物質遷徙與堆積現象。常見術語如“遠洋沉積物”（pelagic sediment）、“泥沙輸送”（sediment transport）等，涉及河流、海洋等不同場景的沉積分類。其動詞用法涵蓋液體沉澱機制與沉積層形成過程，如“沉積岩”生成。作為學術高頻詞，被納入GRE、TOEFL、IELTS等考試辭彙體系，例句多指向水文研究（如含沙量分析）、生態保護（如珊瑚礁沉積物監測）及實驗技術（如葡萄酒沉澱檢測）等場景。

基本介紹

• 外文名：sediment
• 詞性：名詞、動詞
• 英式音標：[ˈsedɪmənt]
• 美式音標：[ˈsedəmənt]

單詞釋義

英 [ˈsedɪmənt] 美 [ˈsedəmənt]

n. 沉澱物，沉渣；（最終形成岩石層的沙、石等）沉積物

v. （液體）沉澱；沉積

[ 複數 sediments 第三人稱單數 sediments 現在分詞 sedimenting 過去式 sedimented 過去分詞 sedimented ]

短語搭配

pelagic sediment 遠海沉積物 ; 遠洋沉積物 ; 大洋沉積物

Terrigenous sediment 陸源 ; 陸源沉積物 ; 陸源沉積 ; 陸性堆積物

Sediment mobilization 堆積物移動

marine sediment 海相沉積 ; [海洋] 海洋沉積物 ; 海洋沉澱物

sediment pump 淤積物泵

casts in urine sediment 尿沉渣管型

sediment transport 沉積物運移；泥沙流移；土砂流送

sediment concentration 含沙量；沉積物濃度

sediment yield 產沙量；泥砂生產量

sediment deposition 沉積物沉降；淤積量

bottom sediment 腳子；底沉積物

sediment discharge 輸沙量；輸沙率；土砂流量；沉積物流量；沉澱物排放

sediment supply 沉積物補給

sediment load [地]輸沙量；推移質

雙語例句

• Many organisms that die in the sea are soon buried by sediment. 許多在海里死亡的生物很快便被沉澱物掩埋。
• They found a unique layer of sediment worldwide. 他們在世界各地發現了一層獨特的沉積物。
• Sediment sorting and compaction influence permeability and porosity. 沉積物的分選和壓實作用影響滲透率和孔隙度。
• They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. 在攜帶大量粗泥沙的湍急河流流經的任何地方，都能找到它們。
• The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. 有機物可能會進行部分分解，並耗盡沉積物中的溶解氧。
• The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter. 這個隕石坑現在深埋在沉積物中，最初直徑約200公里。
• They had found a prehistoric boat, preserved by the type of sediment in which it was buried. 他們發現了一艘史前的船，這艘船依靠埋藏它的沉積物保存了下來。
• Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists of empty space. 因此，無論是疏鬆或膠結，沉積物總體積都有一部分是由空隙組成的。
• So sediment is transported and then deposited and it forms layers on the Earth's surface over time. 所以沉積物被運輸，然後沉積，隨著時間的推移，它在地球表面形成了層。
• Most desert streambeds are normally dry, but they occasionally receive large flows of water and sediment. 大多數沙漠河床通常是乾燥的，但它們偶爾也會有大量的水流和沉積物。
• Sediment above and below the gypsum layer contained tiny marine fossils, indicating open-ocean conditions. 在石膏層上方和下方的沉積物中含有許多小型海洋生物化石，這表明這裡的海洋環境很開放。
• The more poorly sorted or the more tightly compacted a sediment is, the lower its porosity and permeability. 沉積物分選越差或壓實越緊，其孔隙度和滲透率就越低。
• These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. 這些海洋有一個典型的海底，只不過這個海底被幾公里厚的沉積物覆蓋。
• Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. 石油由原油和天然氣組成，它們似乎來源於海洋沉積物中的有機物質。
• The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. 該植物可作為穩定劑和沉積物捕集器，並可以作為培育河口魚類和貝類的地方。
• When snorkeling, do not touch the coral or stir up sediment, as these actions can damage the reef's fragile ecosystem. 潛泳的時候，不要碰珊瑚礁或者攪動沉澱物，因為這樣做可能會破壞珊瑚脆弱的生態系統。
• Others point out that decreased sediment loads will likely lead to erosion of downstream riverbanks and the Mekong Delta. 其他人指出，泥沙負荷的減少可能會導致下遊河岸和湄公河三角洲的侵蝕。
• Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment. 石油和天然氣的密度都比水小，所以二者通常會浮在被水浸泡的岩石和沉積物的表層。
• As geologists, we examine layers of sediment on the Earth' s surface to approximate the dates of past geologic time periods. 作為地質學家，我們研究地球表面的沉積層以估算過去地質時期的年代。
• Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. 如果把水飽和的沉積物或岩石樣品放在合適的乾燥的地方，樣品中的大部分水將從中流出。
• Recent studies of sediment in the North Atlantic's deep waters reveal possible cyclical patterns in the history of Earth's climate. 最近對北大西洋深海沉積物的研究揭示了地球氣候歷史上可能的循環模式。
• It was apparent that the glaciation occurred in the relatively recent past because the drift was soft, like freshly deposited sediment. 很明顯冰川作用就發生在相對不遠的過去，因為漂流物很軟，像新鮮的沉積物。
• Samples recovered from the expedition revealed important differences in chemical composition and fossil distribution among the sediment layers. 探險隊採集的樣品揭示了沉積物層之間化學成分及化石分布上的重大差異。
• The sample consisted of pebbles of hardened sediment that had once been soft, deep-sea mud, as well as granules of gypsum and fragments of volcanic rock. 這一樣本包括曾經柔軟的的硬化沉積物的卵石、深海淤泥以及石膏顆粒和火山岩碎片。
• The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. 這兩種水的相對含量在不同的岩石或沉積物之間差異很大，儘管它們的孔隙率可能是相同的。
• An iridium-enriched sediment layer and a large impact crater in the Yucatn provide evidence that a large meteorite struck Earth about 65 million years ago. 尤卡坦半島上富含銥的沉積層和一個巨大的隕石坑提供了證據，證明了約6500萬年前，一顆大型隕石撞擊了地球。
• This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust of Earth. 這一沉積層富含稀有金屬銥，以及其他在隕石中較豐富而在地殼中十分罕見的元素。
• Sediment as you know, is material like sand, gravel, fossil fragments that is transported by natural processes like wind, water flow or the movement of glaciers. 如你所知，沉積物是通過風、水流或冰川運動等自然過程輸送的物質，如沙子、礫石、化石碎片等。
• Also, things like the damming of rivers has caused increased sediment production, not to mention the addition of more carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. 此外，河流築壩等工程也增加了沉積物的產量，更不用說大氣中二氧化碳和甲烷的增加。
• This idea was modified in the late twentieth century, when geologists and oceanographers examining oceanic sediment found fossil evidence of warming and cooling of the oceans. 在20世紀後期，地質學家和海洋學家在研究海洋沉積物時發現了能夠證明海洋變暖和變冷的化石，並修正了這一觀點。