duress

duress

duress是英語中的名詞,主要含義為“強迫”和“監禁”,指通過威脅或暴力手段迫使他人違背意願行事的行為,常見於法律和正式場合。該詞在發音上分為英式(/djuːˈres/ 或 /djʊˈres/)和美式(/duːˈres/),常用短語“under duress”表示“被迫”狀態。其近義詞包括 coercion、compulsion 等,詞源可追溯至拉丁語“durus”(意為“堅硬”)。

基本介紹

  • 發音:英/djʊˈres/ 美/duˈres/  
  • 詞性:名詞  
  • 常見短語:under duress  
  • 近義詞:coercion, compulsion  
  • 適用領域:法律、商業英語  
  • 權威詞典:朗文、劍橋、歐路詞典   
含義與用法,發音信息,相關詞組與例句,近義詞與反義詞,法律與商業套用,詞源,雙語例句,

含義與用法

  1. 核心定義:指通過威脅或非法手段強迫他人做出違背意願的行為,常涉及法律效力的認定(如契約、供詞無效)。
  2. 語境差異
  3. 普通英語:強調個人在脅迫下的行為(例:*He signed the document under duress*)。
  4. 法律英語:用於判定行為的合法性(例:*A contract signed under duress may be voidable*)。

發音信息

  • 英式發音:/djuːˈres/ 或 /djʊˈres/
  • 美式發音:/duːˈres/

相關詞組與例句

  • 常用短語
  • *under duress*(被迫,如:*The confession was obtained under duress*)
  • *duress of imprisonment*(以監禁相威脅)
典型例句:> “Everyone will know that you signed it under duress.”(人人都會知道你是被迫簽的)

近義詞與反義詞

  • 近義詞:coercion(脅迫)、compulsion(被迫)、pressure(壓力)、force(武力)
  • 反義詞:volition(自願)、free will(自由意志)

法律與商業套用

在司法實踐中,涉及duress的案件通常關注以下要素:
  1. 威脅的非法性(如暴力或財產損害)
  2. 受害者被迫的行為或決定例如:商業契約中若存在脅迫條款,受影響方可主張撤銷。

詞源

源自拉丁語 *durus*(意為“堅硬”),後經古法語duresse演變至中古英語,逐漸形成現代含義。

雙語例句

  • He signed the confession under duress. 他出於被迫在供狀上籤了字。《牛津詞典》
  • He thought her confession had been made under duress. 他認為她是被迫坦白的。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
  • These unequal treaties were made under duress. 這些不平等條約是在強迫下簽訂的。《新英漢大辭典》
  • There is a duress here today. 今天這兒有一場監禁。
  • There must be no signs of duress. 不能有強迫的痕跡。
  • And even then, only under duress. 即使這樣,只有在脅迫下。
  • A contract signed under duress is invalid. 在脅迫之下籤的契約無效。
  • Duress provides no defense to a charge of murder. 受到脅迫不能成為謀殺指控之抗辯。
  • Duress, however, seems to make people dig in their heels. 然而,強迫似乎會讓自己遭到別人的拒絕。
  • Once again, Henry signed the provisions under duress. 亨利再一次被迫簽署了這些條款。
  • In an emergency, buyers under duress have no freedom. 在緊急關頭,買家迫不得已別無選擇。
  • Most Iranians are aware of the duress people suffer in jail. 伊朗人現在意識到人們在獄中遭受種種脅迫。
  • Skills come into sharper relief when spouses are under duress. 當配偶們在壓力之下時,技能變得更引人注目。
  • We come across desperate cases of people who've been returned to Yemen under duress. 我們遇到一些非常絕望的人,他們被強制押回葉門境內。
  • So under duress the euro has begun to remedy its main shortcoming the lack of a common Treasury. 所以受脅迫、歐元已經開始採取補救措施其主要缺點缺少一種常見的國債。
  • Defense lawyers use the turm "duress" to describe the use of force coercion, or psychological pressure. 辯護律師常將“脅迫”一詞用在實施犯罪的委託人身上,以此來描述力量,強迫。
  • Stuffing something into the session is a very common shortcut taken under duress of an impending deadline. 在最終期限即將來臨的壓力下,向會話中填充東西是一種常見的捷徑。
  • To be avoided: When a contract is made under duress, the contract can be avoided by the victimised party. 由於受脅迫而簽訂的契約,受脅迫一方可以主張無效。
  • Ann: Yeah, a robber intruded into and held me under duress with a gun,when I was withdrawing money in a bank. 是的,有個搶匪挾持了我。 當時我正在銀行取錢,他突然跑進來,還帶著槍。
  • But because the couple were deemed "under duress", British law prevented anyone from accessing their accounts. 但是,由於他們被認定為“被脅迫”狀態,英國法律保護他們的賬戶不不讓任何人觸碰。
  • Ahmad Rezai has since reportedly returned to Iran, though whether he did so voluntarily or under duress isn't clear. 據報導,AhmadRezai自那以後又回到伊朗,他如此是出於自願還是被逼迫之下,儘管還不是很清楚。
  • Now I cannot help but suspect that those customers had the same experience as mine and left positive comments under duress. 現在我不禁地懷疑那些買家有著和我同樣的經歷,被迫留下了好的評價。
  • Wills shall manifest the genuine intention of the testators; those made under duress or as a result of fraud shall be void. 遺囑必須表示遺囑人的真實意思,受脅迫、欺騙所立的遺囑無效。
  • Its linked to unhealthy cholesterol levels, hypertension, and a host of unhealthy habits that most of us turn to under duress. 這與不健康的膽固醇水平、高血壓以及我們多數人在壓力之下養成的大量不良習慣密切相關。
  • At times of duress, they can sound suspiciously like a mobster's "cough up or else" (" or else "meaning severe share-dilution). 在被迫的情形下,增發聽起來就像是一個罪犯“被逼供或類似”(“類似”意指嚴重稀釋股權)。
  • You hear stories all the time of everyday people transforming into heroes just by acting from their hearts under moments of duress. 你聽的故事始終來自於市井小民變成大英雄,這只是從他們在緊要關頭髮自內心的行為。
  • At a time of economic duress-partly related to the country's worsening insecurity-this will have repercussions far beyond cricket. 在經濟受到束縛的時期—部分由於巴基斯坦不斷惡化安全局勢,這次襲擊將產生的反響將遠遠高出板球運動之上。
  • Gordon Brown has finally expressed, under duress, laconic “respect” for the release of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, the Lockerbie bomber. 戈登•布朗終於被迫簡要地表示“尊重”釋放洛克比空難[2]製造者阿布德爾巴塞特•阿爾-邁格拉希的決定。

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