courtly

Courtly是英語中一個形容詞，主要用於描述符合皇家禮儀的典雅舉止或具備宮廷氣派的事物。其基本含義包括“尊嚴而有禮貌的”“奉承的”“威嚴的”等，常出現在文學或歷史語境中。該詞的比較級為courtlier，最高級為courtliest，名詞形式為courtliness。根據歐路詞典（2023年11月07日），其發音為英式/ˈkɔːtli/、美式/ˈkɔːrtli/，近義詞包括dignified、aristocratic等，反義詞如undignified。該詞在描述中世紀宮廷禮儀、古典藝術或文學作品中的角色特徵時尤為常見。

基本介紹

• 詞性：形容詞
• 詞形變化：比較級courtlier，最高級courtliest
• 發音：英/ˈkɔːtli/，美/ˈkɔːrtli/
• 近義詞：dignified、chivalrous
• 反義詞：undignified
• 相關概念：宮廷愛情（courtly love）   

釋義與用法

Courtly通常用於以下兩類語境：

1. 社交禮儀：形容舉止莊重禮貌，帶有古典或正式色彩，如“courtly manners”（溫文爾雅的舉止）。
2. 宮廷風格：描述與皇家宮廷相關的特質，如“courtly academy”（宮廷學院）、“courtly furniture”（宮廷風格的家具）。

語法形式

• 比較級與最高級：courtly的比較級為courtlier，最高級為courtliest。例如：“His courtlier approach impressed the guests.”
• 名詞形式：courtliness表示“莊重典雅”的特質。

近義詞與反義詞

• 近義詞：dignified（莊嚴的）、chivalrous（騎士精神的）、gracious（優雅的）。
• 反義詞：undignified（不莊重的）、informal（非正式的）。

例句與套用場景

以下是該詞在不同語境中的使用示例（截至2023年11月07日）：

1. 描述禮節：“He gave a courtly bow before addressing the queen.”（他先文雅地鞠躬，再向女王致辭）。
2. 文學批評：“Courtly love was a common theme in medieval poetry.”（宮廷愛情是中世紀詩歌的常見主題）。
3. 歷史描述：“The palace was decorated with courtly portraits.”（宮殿裝飾著威嚴的肖像畫）。

雙語例句

• His speech and manners became curiously ceremonious and courtly, to the vast admiration and amusement of his intimates. 他的言談舉止變得出奇地講究而有宮廷氣派，使他的密友們大為欽佩，也覺得有趣。youdao
• The waiter made a courtly bow and walked out of the room. 該侍者典雅地鞠了一躬，走出了房間。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
• This courtly poetry came out of the idea of chivalry and courtly love that you might associate with knights in shining armor. 這種宮廷風格的詩歌來源於騎士精神和宮廷式的愛情，你可能會把它與穿著閃亮盔甲的騎士聯繫在一起。
• He wore a black soutane which gave him something of a courtly air. 他穿著一身黑色的祭司法衣，顯得優雅高貴。
• The entire panoply of courtly love. 典雅愛情的全部場面。
• Is the courtly love Black or white? 那高貴的愛是純潔還是污穢？
• Or is it courtly love? 有或者是夢幻的愛情故事？
• General Zarof, with a deep courtly bow, strolled from the room. 扎洛夫將軍禮貌地深鞠一躬，漫步走出了房間。
• He delighted in allegory, and in the elaborate sentiments of courtly love. 他喜歡寓言，喜歡宮廷愛情的細膩情調。
• The most contemptible of the personages in the play is the courtly fop Osric. 劇中最可鄙的人物是風度翩翩的花花公子奧斯里克。
• He gave us a searching look as we entered, but his manner was both courtly and kind. 我們進去的時候，他向我們投過來一道銳利的目光，但他的態度是和藹、有禮的。
• He was courtly, his life lived in well-oiled sequences, his cufflinks always tasteful. 他威嚴，他的生活井然有序，他的袖扣總是那么有品位。
• The courtly old gentleman rose from his seat, took his hat off his head, and bowed low to a lady. 那位溫文爾雅的老先生從座位上站起來，脫下帽子，對著一位夫人深深地鞠躬。
• He noted in a deposition last July that the employees at H &H did not respond in a courtly fashion. 去年7月他在證明書上寫道，H&H的員工沒有回響這個高貴時尚的婚禮程式。
• Bolognese Instrumental Music, 1660-1710: Spiritual Comfort, Courtly Delight, and Commercial Triumph. 波倫亞器樂演奏，1660—1710：精神上的慰藉，宮廷喜悅，商業勝利。
• When Henry was in his teens, Diane was again ordered to act as his mentor and teach him courtly manners. 亨利十來歲時，黛安娜再次奉命做他導師，教授宮廷禮儀。
• Often called the first French novel, this historical fiction takes us to the world of 16th-century courtly romance. 本書通常被認為是法國的第一本小說，這一歷史小說將我們帶入了16 實際浪漫的宮廷之中。
• Tall, soft-spoken, and courtly, Woolley moves easily between the City of London, academia, and policymaking circles. 高大、說話溫和、威嚴的Woolley，從容的周旋於倫敦城、學術界和政策制定者之間。
• "Romans" were used to write popular stories involving chivalric or courtly love, and such tales became known as romances. 當時人們用“Romans ”語言來寫包括騎士時代或宮廷式愛情故事在內的各種流行小說，而這些故事後來就被稱為romances了。
• Mr Falwell himself was a leading indicator of his movement's growing problems. He could be courtly and amusing in person. 福爾·韋爾先生本人就是其率領的運動日益艱困態勢的主要體現。youdao
• Emerson's celebrated American Scholar address of 1837, in which he proclaimed that "we have listened too long to the courtly MUSES of Europe." 愛默生1837年在那篇出名的《論美國學者》講演宣布：“歐洲那種御用的詩才，我們已經聽夠了”。
• Knights courtly love in cavalier literature, which holds a special position in western culture, exerts a far-reaching impact on later literary. 騎士文學中的典雅愛情在西方文化中占有特殊地位，並對後世文學產生深遠的影響。

相關文化概念

• 宮廷禮儀（Courtly etiquette）：指歐洲中世紀宮廷中的行為規範，強調優雅與等級。
• 深摯愛情（Courtly love）：指中世紀文學中騎士對貴族女性的理想化愛慕，具有高度儀式化的特點。