Bulwark是英語中具有多重含義的辭彙,既可用作名詞也可用作及物動詞。作為名詞時,其核心含義包括防禦性壁壘(如由泥土建造的防護牆或船舶舷牆)、象徵性保障(如對抗暴政或維護社會秩序)以及技術性障礙(如專利構成的行業壁壘)。動詞用法強調“築壘保護”的具體行為。該詞常見於軍事、社會、航海等領域,在跨語言翻譯中常對應“保障”“防護”等概念,其複數形式bulwarks特指船舶甲板側邊的圍欄結構。
基本介紹
- 詞性:名詞/及物動詞
- 英式發音:/ˈbʊl.wək/
- 美式發音:/ˈbʊl.wɚk/
- 複數形式:bulwarks(特指船舷牆)
- 詞源:中古英語防禦建築術語
- 常用搭配:"a bulwark against"
釋義與用法
- 名詞用法
- 防禦工事:指由泥土或其他材料建成的實體防護牆,歷史上多用於軍事防禦
- 象徵性保障:比喻對抗極端主義、暴政或社會動盪的保障力量,如“教育是抵禦偏見的壁壘”
- 船舶結構:指船隻甲板側邊高出的防護圍欄,通常使用複數形式bulwarks
- 動詞用法表示通過建造防禦工事進行保護,如“用堡壘防護戰略要地”
套用領域
- 航海術語:現代船舶設計中,bulwarks特指甲板邊緣的金屬或木質圍護結構,具有防浪和保護人員安全的功能
- 技術壁壘:在商業領域引申為技術專利構成的行業進入障礙(如“技術壁壘”)
- 政治隱喻:常被用作民主制度或社會秩序的象徵性保障,例如“新聞自由是自由的堡壘”
語言特徵
- 詞形變化:複數形式bulwarks僅用於航海領域的物理結構描述
- 跨語言翻譯:在捷克語中譯為'val'(防禦土牆),西班牙語作'baluarte'
- 發音演變:截至2025年,國際音標標註為/ˈbʊlwɜːrk/,反映當代發音趨勢
實用例句
- "The ancient bulwark withstood three sieges during the medieval period"(這座古代壁壘在中世紀抵禦了三次圍攻)
- "Unemployment insurance serves as a bulwark against economic shocks"(失業保險是抵禦經濟衝擊的保障)
- "Shipbuilders reinforced the bulwarks with teak planks for tropical voyages"(造船商用柚木板加固舷牆以適應熱帶航行)
- It is also the economic bulwark of a community. 這也是一個社會的經濟堡壘。
- He was a bulwark against further Blairite defections. 他是對抗布萊爾派進一步背叛的最後堡壘。
- The new dam was a bulwark against future floods . 新堤壩是抵禦未來洪水的屏障。
- The soldiers kept their heads down behind the bulwark. 士兵們把頭低下躲在堡壘的後面。
- The soldiers kept theirs heads down behind the bulwark. 士兵們低頭隱蔽在堡壘的後面。
- Platform can be accessed from both side of wing bulwark. 平台可以從駕駛室兩翼舷牆進入。
- Can a distracted America remain a bulwark for eastern Europe? 慌亂的美國仍能作為東歐的支柱嗎?
- Lamy says China sees the WTO as a bulwark against protectionism. 拉米說,中國將WTO視為抵制保護主義的壁壘。
- Green Design and Manufacturing is the only way to break "Green Bulwark". 綠色產品的設計和製造是打破“綠色壁壘”的唯一途徑。
- I wanted to apply some paint to the bulwark prior to gluing the bollards in place. 我想申請一些油漆向堡壘之前,粘合了護柱,在發生。
- In a world where imitation is celebrated, the Chelsea is a bulwark against conformity. 在一個模仿被慶祝的世界裡,切爾西是對抗單一的防波提。
- It was a comfort in her distress and a bulwark against her increasing disillusionment. 這是她苦惱中的一種安慰,是對她有增無已的幻滅的一種防禦。
- Thee blue tape on the bulwark is to protect it from scratching during the trimming process. 藍磁帶上的堡壘,是為了保護它,從刮在修剪過程中。
- Japan has been desperate to bulwark its fragile recovery from the March earthquake and tsunami. 日本迫切希望保障三月地震和海嘯後脆弱的經濟復甦。
- My fantasies were a moral bulwark that enabled me to feel I was keeping my emotional integrity whole. 我的種種幻想都是一種道義上的保障,使我感到我在保持自己感情尊嚴的完整性。
- First, in the past the leaders in Beijing could portray themselves as the bulwark against malign local forces. 首先,在過去,北京的領導者們會將自己描繪成反對地方惡勢力的堅強堡壘。
- Selfishly, we may want our old loved ones to just keep going, if only as a bulwark against our own mortality. 自私點說,我們可能希望我們愛的老人們繼續活著,如果只是作為我們自身死亡的參照。
- So far, expectations of inflation remain stable: that sentiment is itself a welcome bulwark against deflation. 目前為止,人民對於通貨膨脹的預期未變,此預期本身是預防通貨緊縮的壁壘,人們歡迎它。
- Mr Zu Guttenberg has done one big thing: ending conscription, which had been a bulwark of Germany's post-war order. 另外,古滕貝格還做了一件大事:結束徵兵制度,這個曾經是德國戰後秩序的一個壁壘。
- You also erode your bond with your internist, who is the single most important bulwark against disease in your life. 你可能還會損害免疫細胞,它們可是身體抵禦疾病入侵最重要的壁壘。
- Wind deflector shall be fitted on top of bulwark at both wings outside wheelhouse according to approved drawing. 依照認證圖紙,在駕駛室外部兩翼舷牆頂部安裝擋風板。
- The party has always sought to assert its legitimacy by representing itself as a bulwark against Japanese hegemony. 黨不斷尋找合法性把自己塑造成對抗日本霸權的精神支柱。
- These fees are a handy bulwark against shocks to the advertising market, and they tend to go up faster than inflation. 這些費用有力緩解了廣告市場的衝擊,而且面對通貨膨脹,表現出了較快的上升趨勢。

