鐵路營業里程亦稱“營業長度”。在一定時期內辦理客貨運輸業務的鐵路正線總長度。全線或部分建成雙線及以上的線路,以第一線的實際長度計算;複線、站線、段管線、岔線和特殊用途線以及不計算運費的聯絡線不計算營業里程。反映鐵路運輸業基礎設施發展水平的重要指標。是計算客貨周轉量、運輸密度和機車車輛運用效率等指標的基礎資料。 到2017年底，全國鐵路營業里程達到12.7萬公里，其中高鐵2.5萬公里，占世界高鐵總量的66.3%。我國鐵路客運周轉量、貨運傳送量、換算周轉量、運輸密度等主要運輸經濟指標穩居世界第一。
截至2019年，中國鐵路營業里程達到13.1萬公里以上，高鐵總里程占世界2/3，“八縱八橫”高鐵網建設全面展開。
基本介紹
- 中文名：鐵路營業里程
- 外文名：Operational mileage of railways
- 又稱：營業長度
- 分類：正式營業和臨時營業里程
- 概念：客貨運輸業務的鐵路正線總長度
- 反映：鐵路運輸業基礎設施發展水平
解釋,世界裡程列表,
解釋
最新數據顯示，2012年，全國鐵路營業里程達到9.8萬公里，比上年增長4.7%。其中，複線里程4.4萬公里，比上年增長10.8%，複線率44.8%，比上年提高2.5個百分點；電氣化里程5.1萬公里，比上年增長10.8%，電化率52.3%，比上年提高2.9個百分點。西部地區營業里程達到3.7萬公里，比上年增加1060公里、增長2.9%。
世界裡程列表
| Rank | Country | Railway length (km) | Date of information | Notes | Electrified length (km) | Historic peak length (km) | Area (km) per km track | Population per km track | Nationalized or Private |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
World | 1,370,782 | (2006) | |||||||
1 | United States | 224,792 | (2011) | <1,600 | 409,177 | 43.40 | 1379 | Private | |
3 | 128,000 | (2012) | The Russian State Statistics Service reports 85,000km for common usage lines in 2006, whileCIA World Factbookreports 87,157km for the same year. | 50,000 | 133.58 | 1117 | Nationalized | ||
2 | China(PRC) | 103,144 | (2013) | 55,811 | 93.47 | 13227 | Nationalized | ||
4 | India | 65,436 | (2013) | 20,884 | 45.74 | 19,133 | Nationalized | ||
5 | 46,552 | (2011) | 129 | 174.51 | 468 | Private | |||
6 | 41,981 | (2011) | 20,497 | 58,297 | 9.47 | 2210 | Nationalized | ||
7 | 38,445 | (2011) | 2,715 | 199.94 | 572 | Nationalized | |||
8 | Argentina | 36,966 | (2011) | 136 | 47,000 | 77.45 | 1117 | Nationalized | |
9 | France | 29,640 | (2011) | 15,140 | 21.53 | 2201 | Nationalized | ||
10 | Brazil | 29,303 | (2012) | 1,520 | 285.57 | 6397 | Nationalized | ||
11 | Mexico | 26,704 | (2009) | 73.56 | 4207 | Private | |||
12 | Italy | 24,179 | (2007) | 16,683 | 12.46 | 2507 | Nationalized | ||
13 | 23,474 | (2007) | 16,702 | 16.10 | 5451 | Both | |||
14 | Ukraine | 22,300 | (2010) | 9,752 | 27.07 | 2048 | Nationalized | ||
15 | Romania | 22,298 | (2008) | 3,971 | 10.69 | 854 | Nationalized | ||
16 | South Africa | 20,247 | (2013) | 24,800 | 49.79 | 2066 | Nationalized | ||
17 | Poland | 19,627 | (2008) | 17,358 | about 24000 before 1989 | 15.93 | 1946 | Nationalized | |
18 | 17,732 | (2008) | 5,328 | 34,000 | 15.00 | 3825 | Private | ||
19 | 15,947 | (2012) | 9,623 | 33.55 | 3062 | Nationalized | |||
20 | Kazakhstan | 15,372 | (2010) | 4,000 | 180.71 | 1171 | Nationalized | ||
23 | Iran | 12,998 | (2014) | 146 (additional 2,200km in construction since February, 2012) | 148.41 | 6816 | |||
21 | 12,821 | (2010) | 7,918 | 35.12 | 732 | ||||
22 | 12,000 | (2011) | 3,159 | 71.29 | 6708 | ||||
24 | Czech Republic | 9,487 | (2008) | 2,592 | 8.31 | 1111 | |||
25 | Indonesia | 8,529 | (2008) | 550 | 223.31 | 27853 | Nationalized | ||
26 | Hungary | 7,942 | (2008) | 11.71 | 1257 | Nationalized | |||
27 | Pakistan | 7,791 | (2008) | 102.18 | 22759 | ||||
28 | 6,700 | (2010) | 149.47 | 12075 | |||||
31 | Austria | 5,927 | (2008) | 3,863 | 14.57 | 1460 | |||
29 | Finland | 5,919 | (2008) | 3,067 | 57.13 | 911 | |||
30 | 5,898 | (2006) | 128.2 | 2931 | |||||
32 | Belarus | 5,491 | (2008) | 874 | 37.81 | 1731 | |||
33 | 5,478 | (2006) | 339.81 | 5640 | |||||
34 | South Korea | 5,242 | (2009) | 2,522 | 19.08 | 9348 | Nationalized | ||
35 | 5,235 | (2006) | ~3,500 | 23.03 | 4595 | ||||
36 | Switzerland | 5,232 | (2012) | 5,232 | ca. 5,232 | 7.89 | 1532 | Mainly privately operated but thoroughly subsidied (~50%) by taxes and by federal, cantonal, and municipal subsidies. | |
37 | 5,076 | (2007) | 21.84 | 2215 | |||||
38 | Turkmenistan | 4,980 | (2014) | 153.44 | 1585 | ||||
39 | Algeria | 4,316 | (2012) | 283 | 551.83 | 8595 | |||
40 | Uzbekistan | 4,280 | (2011) | 105.77 | 6488 | ||||
41 | Bulgaria | 4,159 | (2008) | 2,831 | 26.66 | 1771 | |||
42 | New Zealand | 4,128 | (2006) | 64.64 | 1070 | ||||
43 | Norway | 4,114 | (2008) | 2622 | 78.71 | 1209 | Nationalized | ||
44 | Thailand | 4,071 | (2012) | 29 | 126.04 | 16084 | |||
45 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 4,007 | (2008) | 585.19 | 16463 | ||||
46 | Myanmar(Burma) | 3,955 | (2006) | 171.07 | 12127 | ||||
47 | Serbia | 3,809 | (2008) | 20.34 | 1918 | Nationalized | |||
48 | Slovakia | 3,658 | (2010) | 1577 | 13.4 | 1486 | |||
49 | Nigeria | 3,528 | (2006) | 261.84 | 44904 | ||||
50 | Belgium | 3,513 | (2008) | 2,950 | 8.69 | 3108 | Nationalized | ||
51 | 3,147 | (2007) | 105.25 | 27765 | |||||
52 | Mozambique | 3,116 | (2008) | 256.54 | 6604 | ||||
53 | Zimbabwe | 3,000 | (2010) | 313 | 130.25 | 4190 | Nationalized | ||
54 | Uruguay | 2,993 | (2006) | 58.88 | 1121 | ||||
55 | Croatia | 2,974 | (2009) | 1228 | 19.03 | 1443 | |||
56 | Azerbaijan | 2,918 | (2009) | 1,278 | 29.68 | 3207 | |||
57 | Netherlands | 2,896 | (2008) | 14.34 | 5767 | Nationalized | |||
58 | Bolivia | 2,866 | (2007) | 383.32 | 3638 | ||||
59 | Bangladesh | 2,835 | (2008) | 50.79 | 53392 | ||||
60 | Portugal | 2,794 | (2013) | 1,629 | 33.0 | 3594 | Nationalized | ||
62 | Kenya | 2,778 | (2010) | 208.92 | 13899 | ||||
63 | Angola | 2,761 | (2006) | 2,764 | 451.54 | 6911 | |||
64 | Tanzania | 2,722 | (2006) | 348.02 | 15866 | ||||
65 | Denmark | 2,667 | (2008) | 640 | 16.16 | 2086 | |||
66 | Greece | 2,552 | (2012) | 51.73 | 4229 | ||||
67 | Namibia | 2,382 | (2006) | 346.05 | 877 | ||||
68 | Latvia | 2,269 | (2007) | 28.47 | 978 | ||||
69 | Tunisia | 2,218 | (2007) | 73.76 | 4756 | ||||
70 | 2,139 | (2008) | 86.57 | 11078 | |||||
71 | Iraq | 2,032 | (2006) | 215.71 | 15587 | ||||
72 | Peru | 2,020 | (2008) | 636.25 | 14585 | ||||
73 | Morocco | 1,989 | (2008) | 224.51 | 16227 | ||||
74 | Republic of Ireland | 1,919 | (2007) | 36.62 | 2387 | Nationalized | |||
75 | Malaysia | 1,849 | (2010) | 207 | 178.40 | 15324 | |||
76 | Mongolia | 1,810 | (2008) | 864.15 | 1560 | ||||
77 | Lithuania | 1,766 | (2007) | 36.98 | 1824 | ||||
78 | Taiwan | 1,703 | (2012) | 1,300 | 5,000 | 21.25 | 13638 | ||
79 | Colombia | 1,663 | (2007) | 648.85 | 27770 | ||||
80 | 1,513 | (2007) | 46.07 | 2932 | |||||
81 | Sri Lanka | 1,508 | (2010) | 43.51 | 13696 | ||||
82 | 1,412 | (2007) | 1522.44 | 19219 | |||||
133 | Uganda | 1,244 | (2002) | 930.65 | 122780 | ||||
83 | Zambia | 1,237 | (2006) | 608.42 | 10547 | ||||
85 | Slovenia | 1,228 | (2007) | 16.51 | 1672 | ||||
84 | Israel | 1,200 | (2013) | 0 | 17.31 | 6709 | Nationalized | ||
86 | Moldova | 1,156 | (2008) | 29.28 | 3083 | ||||
87 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,103 | (2007) | 392 | 46.42 | 3484 | |||
88 | Cameroon | 974 | (2007) | 488.13 | 19924 | ||||
89 | Ecuador | 966 | (2006) | 293.54 | 14810 | ||||
90 | Ghana | 953 | (2006) | 250.30 | 25429 | ||||
91 | 906 | (2004) | 217.13 | 13724 | |||||
92 | Botswana | 888 | (2007) | 655.10 | 2027 | ||||
93 | Guatemala | 885 | (2004) | 123.04 | 16228 | ||||
95 | Armenia | 869 | (2012) | 818 | 35.20 | 3863 | |||
94 | Madagascar | 854 | (2007) | 687.40 | 24255 | ||||
96 | 837 | (2006) | 293.74 | 11926 | |||||
97 | Estonia | 816 | (2008) | 55.43 | 1642 | ||||
98 | 810 | (2007) | 330.45 | 1858 | |||||
99 | 797 | (2007) | 148.66 | 18696 | |||||
100 | Republic of the Congo | 795 | (2006) | 430.19 | 5086 | ||||
101 | Djibouti | 781 | (2005) | 29.71 | 1138 | ||||
102 | Benin | 758 | (2006) | 148.58 | 11581 | ||||
103 | Mali | 733 | (2002) | 1691.94 | 19805 | ||||
104 | Mauritania | 728 | (2008) | 1415.80 | 4753 | ||||
105 | Honduras | 699 | (2006) | 160.36 | 11753 | ||||
106 | Macedonia | 699 | (2007) | 36.79 | 2943 | ||||
107 | Ethiopia | 699 | (2006) | 1579.83 | 117456 | ||||
108 | Cambodia | 650 | (2003) | 278.52 | 20609 | ||||
109 | Côte d'Ivoire | 639 | (2007) | 504.64 | 30889 | ||||
110 | 622 | (2006) | 440.84 | 25291 | |||||
111 | Tajikistan | 616 | (2007) | 232.31 | 11167 | ||||
112 | Fiji | 597 | (2006) | 30.61 | 1442 | ||||
113 | 568 | (2006) | 99.97 | 10613 | |||||
114 | El Salvador | 562 | (2007) | 37.44 | 10221 | ||||
115 | Dominican Republic | 517 | (2006) | 94.14 | 18141 | ||||
134 | Jordan | 507 | (2007) | 355.94 | 24649 | ||||
116 | Liberia | 490 | (2006) | 227.28 | 8151 | ||||
117 | Philippines | 479 | (2008) | as of March 2013 only 80km used (43km for Tututban -Sta.Rosa and 37km for Sipocot-Naga City) | 626.30 | 196270 | |||
118 | Albania | 423 | (2007) | 67.96 | 7553 | ||||
119 | Kyrgyzstan | 417 | (2007) | 479.50 | 12860 | ||||
120 | 401 | (2006) | 25.94 | 10544 | |||||
121 | 355 | (2006) | 212.45 | 9594 | |||||
122 | Venezuela | 336 | (2006) | 2714.43 | 87458 | ||||
123 | Eritrea | 306 | (2006) | 384.31 | 17170 | ||||
124 | Swaziland | 301 | (2008) | 57.69 | 3940 | ||||
130 | Costa Rica | 278 | (2007) | 183.81 | 16416 | ||||
131 | Luxembourg | 274 | (2007) | 9.40 | 1826 | Nationalized | |||
135 | Montenegro | 250 | (2008) | 55.47 | |||||
138 | Suriname | 166 | (2001) | 986.87 | 3163 | ||||
136 | Singapore | 160.6 | (2012) | 3.94 | 28682 | ||||
137 | Guyana | 127.2 | (2001 est.) | 1149.57 | 4197 | ||||
140 | Sierra Leone | 84 | (2001) | 854.05 | 69857 | ||||
141 | Afghanistan | 75 | (2011) | 8696.40 | 418827 | ||||
132 | Jamaica | 65 | (2003) | 40.41 | 9948 | ||||
142 | Nepal | 59 | (2006) | 2494.59 | 484491 | ||||
143 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 58 | (2006) | 5.22 | 1040 | ||||
144 | Paraguay | 38 | (2006) | 11298.67 | 173056 | ||||
139 | Puerto Rico(US) | 17.2 | (2006) | 143.65 | 38810 | ||||
145 | Brunei | 13 | (2001 est.) | 443.46 | 30692 | ||||
146 | Liechtenstein | 9.5 | (2006) | 17.78 | 4017 | ||||
148 | Western Sahara | 5 | (2008) | seeMauritania Railway | 53200.00 | 106200 | |||
147 | Nauru | 3.9 | (2001) | 4.20 | 2000 | ||||
149 | Laos | 3.5 | (2005) | seeFriendship Bridge | 59200.00 | 1557550 | |||
151 | 1.7 | (2012) | 1.7 | 1.18 | 20588 | ||||
150 | Lesotho | 1.6 | (1995) | 10118.33 | 723667 | ||||
152 | 1.27 | (2001 est.) | 0 | 0.52 | 969 |
