語言學百問和碩博指南

語言學百問和碩博指南

《語言學百問和碩博指南》內容簡介:1998年筆者編寫了《英語語言學精要問答與考試指南》(下面簡稱《問答》,中國地質大學出版社)。該書一直深受讀者歡迎,印刷了3次以上。

基本介紹

  • 書名:語言學百問和碩博指南
  • 作者侯國金
  • ISBN:9787561446195
  • 定價:56.00 元
  • 出版社四川大學出版社
  • 出版時間:2009年10月
  • 開本:平裝
內容簡介,作者簡介,圖書目錄,

內容簡介

這10年中,語言學發生了變化,我國的教育發生了變化,我個人也發生了變化。我國的語言學教材層出不窮,不再是“北大版”(胡壯麟等,1988)唱獨角戲,而是多家爭鳴的時代。有英語版的書,如何兆熊、梅德明(1999),戴煒棟、何兆熊(2002/2006),梅德明(2003),劉潤清、文旭(2006);有漢語版的書,如李宇明等(2000),丁言仁、郝克(2001),胡明揚等(2000/2002),熊學亮(2004),王渝光、王興中(2005)等等。“北大版”也不斷修訂和變臉。除了適合本科生和研究生的“北大版”(胡壯麟等,1988),還有適合本科生的版本(胡壯麟,2006/2007;2008a,b)等,適合碩士生的版本(胡壯麟、姜望琪,2002/2003)。其他語言學概論或普通語言學教材還有陳長茂(1987),邢公畹等(1992/1995),伍鐵平(1993),戚雨村等(1994b),戴煒棟等(1995),葉蜚聲、徐通鏘(1997/2001/2004)等書。

作者簡介

侯國金,湖北大冶人。四川外語學院外國語文研究中心教授、《外國語文》和《英語研究》編委、重慶市高校“中青年骨幹教師”。2004年獲上海外國語大學博士學位(語用學)。2006年從復旦大學中文系博士後流動站出站(語義學)。主要著作有《語用學大是非和語用翻譯學之路》(四川大學出版社,2008)和《語用標記價值論的微觀探索》(四川大學出版社,2005),發表“語用象似論”(《語言教學與研究》2007年第2期)、“語用含糊的標記等級和元語用意識”(《外國語》2005年第1期)、“語用標記等效值”(《中國翻譯》2005年第5期)等論文數十篇。

圖書目錄

林承璋教授序
自序
I.語言學精要百問
A.語言學基本概念
I.1 What is language?什麼是語言?
I.2 What is linguistics?什麼是語言學?
I.3 What makes linguistics a science?語言學如何成為~門科學?
I.4 What are the major branches oflinguistics?語言學有哪些分支學科?
I.5 What are design features oflanguage?什麼是語言的結構特徵?。
I.6 What is arbitrariness?什麼是任意性?
I.7 What is duality?什麼是雙層性?
I.8 What is productivity?什麼是能產性?
I.9 What is displacement?什麼是不受時空限制性?
I.10 What is cultural transmission?什麼是文化傳遞性?
I.11 What is interchangeability?什麼是互換性?
I.12 Whydo we say language is human specific?為什麼說語言是人類獨有的?
I.13 What functions does language have?語言有哪些功能?
I.14 What is phatic function?什麼是酬應功能?
I.15 What is directive function?什麼是指令功能?
I.16 What is informative function?什麼是信息功能?
I.17 What is interrogative function?什麼是詢問功能?
I.18 What is expressive function?什麼是表情功能?
I.19 What is evocative function?什麼是感染功能?
I.20 What is performative function?什麼是行事功能?
I.21 What is recreational function?什麼是娛樂功能?
I.22 What is metalingual function?什麼是元語言功能?
I.23 What are synchronic and diachronic studies?什麼是共時研究和歷時研究?
I.24 What is the difference between speech and writing?語言和文字有什麼差別?
I.25 What is the difference between descriptivism and prescrilc’tivism?描寫性研究與規定性研究有何區別?
I.26 What is the difference between langue and parole?語言和言語有何區別?
I.27 What is the competence/performance distinction?語言能力和語言運用有何差異?
I.28 What is the difference between linguistic potential and actual linguistic behavior?語言潛勢和實際語言行為有何
I.29 In what way do langue competence and linguistic potential agree?And their counterparts?語言、語言能力和語言潛勢有何共同點?言語、語言運用和實際語言行為之間有何異同?
B.從語音學到音位學(Phonetics and Phonology)
I.30 What is phonetics?什麼是語音學?
I.31 What makes the speech organs?發音器官是如何構造的?
I.32 What is place ofarticulation?什麼是發音部位?
I.33 What is manner ofarticulation?什麼是發音方法?
I.34 How do phoneticians classify vowels?語音學家是怎樣給元音分類的7
I.35 What is meant by assimilation,deletion,dissimilation and metathesis?什麼是同化、省略、異化和換位?
I.36 What is IPA?什麼是國際音標?
I.37 What is narrow and broad transcription?什麼是嚴式標音和寬式標音7
I.38 What is phonology?什麼是音位學?
I.39 What are phones and phonemes and allophones?什麼是音素、音位、音位變體?
I.40 What is minimal pair?什麼是最小對立體?
I.41 What is free variation?什麼是自由變異?
I.42 What is complementary distribution?什麼是互補分布?
I.43 What is suprasegmental phonology?什麼是超音段音位學?
C.從形態學到辭彙學(Morphology and Lexicology)
I.44 What is morphology?什麼是形態學?
I.45 What is inflection?什麼是屈折?
I.46 What are morphemes and allomorphs?什麼是詞素和詞素變體?
I.47 What are free and bound morphemes?什麼是自由詞素和粘著詞素?
1.48 What is the difierence between root and stem and affix?詞根、詞幹和詞綴有何差別?
I.49 What is word?什麼是詞?
I.50 What is open and closed class?什麼是開放性詞類和封閉性詞類?
I.5 1 What is the difference between lexeme and lexicon and vocabulary?形素、詞庫、辭彙有何差別?
I.52 What is collocation?什麼是搭配?
I.53 What is lexicology and what is word.formation?什麼是辭彙學?什麼是構詞法?
I.54 How does affixation occur?詞語是如何派生的?
I.55 What is conversion?什麼叫轉化法?
I.56 How are compounds formed?合成詞是如何合成的?
1.57 What is abbreviation and what is blending?什麼是縮略法和拼綴法?
I.58 What is back.formation?什麼是逆生法?
I.59 What is analogical creation?什麼是類比構詞?
I.60 What is bo~owing?什麼是外借詞?
D.語法學(Grammar/Syntax)
A)傳統語法(Traditional Grammar)
I.61 What is grammar and what is syntax?什麼是語法?什麼是句法?
I.62 What is sentence?什麼是句子?
I.63 What is meant by syntactic relations?什麼是句法關係?
I.64 What is IC Analysis?什麼是直接成分分析法?
I.65 What are endocentric and exocentric constructions?什麼是向心結構和離心結構?
I.66 What is category?什麼是範疇?:
I.67 What is subject?什麼是主語?
I.68 What is predicate?什麼是謂語?
I.69 What is object?什麼是賓語?
I.70 What is number?什麼是數?
I.71 What is gender?什麼是性?
I.72 What is concord?什麼是一致?
I.73 What is government?什麼是支配關係?
I.74 What is the difference between phrase and clause?短語和分句有何差別?
I.75 What is the difference between conjoining and embedding and recursiveness?連線、相嵌和遞歸性有何差別?
I.76 What are hypotactic and paratactic relations?什麼是連詞連結句和無連詞連結句?
B)轉換生成語法(Transformational.Generative GramlTlar)
I.77 whal is Transformational.Generative Grammar?什麼是轉換生成語法?
I.78 What is Innatist Hypothesis?什麼是語言天賦說?
I.79 What is Universal Grammar?什麼叫普遍語法?
I.80 What is Projection Principle?什麼是投射原則?
I.81 What are theta.roles and argument structure?什麼是題元角色和論元結構?
I.82 What is expletive and what is Extended Projection Principle?什麼叫贅代詞?什麼是擴充的投射原則?
I.83 What is PRO(pro)?什麼是空語類PRO/pro?
I.84 What is the gist ofX.Bar Theory?X一槓理論的基本思想是什麼?
I.85 What is head.movement?什麼叫中心語移位?
I.86 What is wh.movement?什麼是wh一移位?
I.87 What is NP-movement in passives?被動語態的NP一移位是怎樣發生的?
I.88 What is NP-movement in raising constructions?提升結構的NP一移位是如何發生的?
I.89 What is NP.movement in unaccusative constructions?何為非賓格結構的NP一移位?
I.90 What is VP.shell?什麼叫VP一殼?
I.91 What is feature checking?什麼叫特徵核查?
I.92 what is case?什麼是格?
I.93 What is case grammar?What is Case Theory?什麼是格語法?什麼是格理論?
C)從系統功能語法到語篇學(Systemic.Functional Grammar and Text Linguistics)
I.94 What is systemic-functional grammar?什麼是系統功能語法?
I.95 What is scale in systemic grammar?系統語法中的階是什麼?
I.96 What is category in systemic grammar?系統語法中的範疇是什麼?
I.97 What is transitivity?什麼是及物性?
I.98 What is mood?什麼是語氣?
I.99 What is appraisal system?什麼是評價系統?
I.100 What is text linguistics?什麼是語篇學?
I.101 What is cohesion?什麼是銜接?
I.102 What is coherence?什麼是連貫?
I.103 What is the difference between theme and rheme?主位和述位有何區別?
I.104 What is functional sentence perspective?什麼是句子功能觀?
I.105 What is the semantic relationship between information structure and thematic structure?信息結構和主位結構的語義關係是怎樣的?
I.106 What is thematic progression?什麼是主位推進?
E.從語義學到認知語言學(Semantics and Cognitive Linguistics)
I.107 What is semantics?什麼是語義學?
I.108 What is meaning?什麼是意義?
I.109 What is the difference between meaning,concept,connotation,sense,implication,
denotation,notation,reference,implicature and signification?意義、概念、內涯意思、含義、外延、意念、指稱、意涵、字義之間有什麼區別?
I.110 How many kinds ofmeaning do linguists study?語言學家研究哪幾種意義?
I.111 What is the Semantic Triangle?什麼是語義三角?
I.112 What is contextualism in semantics?語義學的語境論有些什麼觀點?
I.113 What is synonymy?什麼是同義現象?
I.114 What is antonymy?什麼是反義現象?
I.115 What is hyponymy?什麼是下義關係?
I.116 What is polysemy?什麼是多義現象?
I.117 What is homonymy?什麼是同音/同形異義現象?
I.118 What is componential analysis?什麼是成分分析法?
I.119 What is semantic and associative field?什麼是語義場和聯想場?
I.120 what is entailment?什麼是蘊涵?
I.121 What is predication analysis?什麼是述謂分析?
I.122 What is logical operator?什麼是邏輯運算元?
I.123 What is cognitive linguistics?什麼是認知語言學?
I.124 What is cognitive semantics?什麼是認知語義學?
I.125 What is Prototype Theory?什麼是原型範疇理論?
I.126 What is image schema?什麼是意象圖式?
I.127 What is ICM?什麼是理想化認知模型?
I.128 What is iconicity?什麼是象似性?
I.129 What is motivation?什麼是理據性?
I.130 What is grammaticalization?什麼是語法化?
I.131 How does cognitive linguistics account for metaphor and metonymy?
……
F.語用學律要
G.社會語言學和比較語言學
H.語言與文字
I.二語習得與語言教學
J.檔案學和修辭學
K.元語言學問題和語言學流派
II.語言學考試和答案
A.如何學好、考好語言學?
B.“語言學概論”本科樣板試題
C.“普通語言學”考碩樣板試題
D.語言學考博試題
E.參考答案
附錄1 若干高校2007年考碩試題
附錄2 語言學生要術語英漢對照表
主要參考文獻
…… pg

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