華茲華斯，1770-1850，是英國浪漫派詩人，與Samuel Coleridge,Robert Soother同稱“湖畔派”詩人。他出生於律師家庭，曾就讀於劍橋大學聖約翰學院，畢業後到歐洲旅行，在法國親身領略大革命的風暴。
詠水仙為作者對自然地喜愛的一首詩歌。
基本介紹
- 作品名稱：詠水仙
- 創作年代：1770-1850
- 文學體裁：詩歌
- 作者：華茲華斯
譯文1,譯文2,原版,
譯文1
威廉·華茲華斯我好似一朵孤獨的流雲，
高高地飄遊在山谷之上，
突然我看到一大片鮮花，
是金色的水仙遍地開放。
它們開在湖畔，開在樹下
它們隨風嬉舞，隨風飄蕩。
它們密集如銀河的星星，
像群星在閃爍一片晶瑩；
它們沿著海灣向前伸展，
通向遠方仿佛無窮無盡；
一眼看去就有千朵萬朵，
萬花搖首舞得多么高興。
粼粼湖波也在近旁歡跳，
卻不知這水仙舞得輕俏；
詩人遇見這快樂的夥伴，
又怎能不感到歡欣雀躍；
我久久凝視--卻未能領悟
這景象所帶給我的精神至寶。
後來多少次我鬱郁獨臥，
感到百無聊賴心靈空漠；
這景象便在腦海中閃現，
多少次安慰過我的寂寞；
我的心又隨水仙跳起舞來，
我的心又重新充滿了歡樂。
譯文2
詠水仙 又譯為 我好似一朵流雲獨自漫遊
我獨自漫遊，像山谷上空 悠悠飄過的一朵雲霓，驀然舉目，我望見一叢 金黃的水仙，繽紛茂密；在湖水之濱，樹蔭之下，正隨風搖曳，舞姿瀟灑。
連綿密布，似繁星萬點 在銀河上下閃爍明滅，這一片水仙，沿著湖灣 排成延續無盡的行列；一眼便瞥見萬多千株，搖顫著花冠，輕盈飄舞。
湖面的漣漪也迎風起舞，水仙的歡悅卻勝似漣漪；有了這樣愉快的伴侶，詩人怎能不心曠神怡！我凝望多時，卻未曾想到 這美景給了我怎樣的珍寶。
從此，每當我倚榻而臥，或情懷抑鬱，或心境茫然，水仙呵，便在心目中閃爍——那是我孤寂時分的樂園；我的心靈便歡情洋溢，和水仙一道舞踴不息。
賞析
這首詩寫於詩人從法國回來不久。詩人帶著對自由的嚮往去了法國，參加一些革命活動。但法國革命沒有帶來預期的結果，隨之而來的是混亂。詩人的失望和受的打擊是可想而知的，後來在他的朋友和妹妹的幫助下，情緒才得以艱難地恢復。這首詩就寫於詩人的心情平靜之後不久。
在詩的開頭，詩人將自己比喻為一朵孤獨的流雲，孤單地在高高的天空飄蕩。孤傲的詩人發現一大片金色的水仙，它們歡快地遍地開放。在詩人的心中，水仙已經不是一種植物了，而是一種象徵，代表了一種靈魂，代表了一種精神。
水仙很多，如天上的星星，都在閃爍。水仙似乎是動的，沿著彎屈的海岸線向前方伸展。詩人為有這樣的旅伴而歡欣鼓舞、歡呼跳躍。在詩人的心中，水仙代表了自然的精華，是自然心靈的美妙表現。但是，歡快的水仙並不能時時伴在詩人的身邊，詩人離開了水仙，心中不時冒出憂鬱孤寂的情緒。這時詩人寫出了一種對社會、世界的感受：那高傲、純潔的靈魂在現實的世界只能鬱鬱寡歡。當然，詩人的腦海深處會不時浮現水仙那美妙的景象，這時的詩人雙情緒振奮，歡欣鼓舞。
詩歌的基調是浪漫的，同時帶著濃烈的象徵主義色彩。可以說，詩人的一生只在自然中找到了寄託。
原版
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to find words for the most elementary sensations of man face to face with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beautiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyrics such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe once described poetry as “ music… combined with a pleasure idea”. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also makes great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.
( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd
A host, of golden daffodils
Beside the lake, beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze )
He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffodils thus convey to us the poet’s intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effect of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meaning.
An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pictures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” (kinaesthetic imagery) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination.
Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional response. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely” and “a cloud” by the use of simile, thus convey to us his lonely and melancholy mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shine…” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowed with human being’s characters by the poet’s subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet’s deep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural things with his figurative language.
What’s more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.
