否定轉移

否定轉移是指否定形式在謂語動詞,而否定的信息焦點卻在狀語表語,或否定形式在主句,而否定的信息焦點卻在從句。這是英語的一種習慣思維方法,與漢語不同,應予注意

基本介紹

  • 中文名:否定轉移
  • 外文名:Transferred Negation
  • 意義:否定形式在謂語動詞
  • 焦點狀語表語
  • 性質:習慣思維方法
基本信息,英語譯法,分類歸納,謂語的否定轉移,狀語的否定轉移,注意,動詞,經典例句,

基本信息

英語譯法

Transferred Negation

分類歸納

1.not+think,believe,suppose,imagine…+that-clause(that 從句
在這種句式中,not從賓語從句謂語動詞的前面,轉移到了主句謂語動詞think,believe,suppose等的前面,即否定前移。 例如:
e.g.:I'm sorry,but I don't think I know you.對不起,我想我並不認識你。
e.g.:I don't believe he'll come.我想他是不會來的。
這類句子後面的反意疑問句更能準確地說明not的否定範圍。如:
I don't think you've met Xiao Xin,have you?我想你沒遇見小新,對嗎?
國中範疇,做這類否定轉移的反義疑問句的竅門:
例句:I don't think you've met Xiao Xin(改成反義疑問句)
步驟1:將否定轉移掉,原句變為:I think you haven't met Xiao Xin.
步驟2:把I think 無視掉,原句變為:You haven't met Xiao Xin .
步驟3:按照一般方法,後面加上:have you ?
上述做題方法在國中範圍內95%是能用的。
2.not…because(of)
這種結構中的 not否定的是後面 because引導的從句或 because of引起的介詞短語。也就是說,not從because(of)的前面轉移到了主句或整個句子謂語動詞的前面。例如:
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.他並不只是因為亞里士多德說過某事如何如何,就輕易相信它。
I didn't take a raincoat because it was raining.我不是因為下著雨才帶雨衣的。
在這類結構中,我們實際上是將否定後面不定式的not轉移到了謂語動詞上。如:
Jack does not seem to like you.(= Jack seems not to like you.)傑克看來不喜歡你。
He didn't take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame.but to be nefit the boy's parents.
他把男孩從鐵軌上抱到安全地帶,不是為了獲得個人的名譽,而是為了孩子的父母。
He didn't come here by train.他不是乘火車來的。
4.never know......
You never know how indebted I am for your kindest care and your warmest support.
我非常感激你對我無微不至的關心和最溫暖的支持。
形式與用法

謂語的否定轉移

形式上否定主句的謂語,實際上是否定從句的謂語
當動詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel的主語第一人稱謂語動詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現在時,它們的否定式實際上是對賓語從句的否定。表示說話者提出一種委婉的看法或主張。如:
I think that he will help us. —I don’t think that he will help us. 我認為他不會幫助我們。
I believe that he is right. —I don’t believe that he is right. 我認為他不對。
I suppose that he likes it. —I don’t suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜歡它。
2. 形式上否定謂語動詞,實際上否定複合賓語
當動詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel, find的主語第一人稱、謂語動詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現在時,它們前面的否定式實際上是對複合賓語的否定。表示說話者所提出的一種委婉的看法或主張。如:
I think math difficult. — I don’t think math difficult. 我認為數學不難。
I find the story interesting. — I don’t find the story interesting. 我認為這個故事無趣。
I expect so. —I don’t expect so. 我認為不會。

狀語的否定轉移

有些句子形式上否定謂語動詞,實際上是對句子後面狀語進行否定。如:
Let’s not talk about it here. 我們別在這裡談吧。
Don’t read in the sun. 不要在陽光下看書。
Don’t talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口裡含著食物說話。

注意

動詞

think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel在下列情況下,否定不轉移:
(1) 這些動詞跟其他另一個動詞一起做並列謂語時,如:
I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信並且也希望他將不會那樣做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我覺得並且也承認我們並不愚蠢。
(2) 用於疑問句時,如:
Do you think it is not going to rain? 你認為天不會下雨嗎?
Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing? 難道你不相信他做了一件好事?(此為表示肯定的否定疑問句,與漢語的反問句相似)
(3) 用作插入語時,如:
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不會生你的氣。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想湯姆不會反對。
Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我認為邁克沒有看這場電影。
(4) 動詞前有其他副詞修飾時,如:
I really think it’s not necessary for us to go there now. 我的確不認為我們有必要去那兒。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我強烈地認為他不應該做那樣的事。
(5) 動詞為非一般現在時主語不是第一人稱時,如:
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以為他不會回來得這么快。
He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他認為他不適合這件工作。
He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。
She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信他變成了一個好孩子。
(以上兩個句子否定焦點在主句而不是在從句)
(6) 當賓語從句中含的否定為not…at all, not a little, not a few, not enough, can’t help等固定搭配時,如:
I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他對那一點也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我認為如果你想把這門語言學好,那么只記單詞是不夠的。
I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信當你在奧運會上獲得第一名時你會情不自禁地唱起國歌來。
(7) 當賓語從句中含no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom, little, few等否定詞或半否詞時,如:
I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我認為,如果這艘船沉入海中的話,那么誰也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一個言語不多的人。

經典例句

1.在帶賓語從句複合句中,如果主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示“觀點、信念、推測”等心理活動的動詞時,否定謂語從句的not往往轉移到主句,成為“形式否定主句,意義否定從句”,這種語法現象就叫做否定轉移。如:
I don’t think he will come this afternoon.
我認為他今天下午不會來。
I don’t believe I have the pleasure of knowing you.
很遺憾,我並不認識你。
I don’t guess that they have got married.
我猜他們還沒有結婚。
I don’t expect they have finished the work..
我料想他們還沒有完成工作。
I don’t suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad.
我看他在國外學習幾年後不會回家鄉了。
I don’t feel you should go.
我覺得你不應該去。
I didn’t imagine that Tom would help her.
我猜想湯姆不會幫助她。
2.主句中的謂語動詞若與情態動詞狀語連用,不轉移否定。
I can’t believe that they are married.
我真不敢相信他們結婚了。
We can’t believe that he turns an honest penny.
我們不能相信他是用正當手段掙錢。
You mustn’t think he’s an honest person.
你不可以認為他是一個誠實的人。
I didn’t ever suppose that they were happy.
我並不認為他們是幸福的。
但是,在帶有can’t和couldn’t的句子中,有時can’t和couldn’t帶有否定轉移的含義。如:
She can’t seem to do it. (=She seems not to be able to do it.)
她似乎不能做這件事。
3.當think用在疑問句中時,不轉移否定。
Why do you think I can’t change your note?
你為什麼認為我換不開你的鈔票呢?
4.由knew, fear, mean, I am afraid等動詞形式構成的賓語從句中,其否定詞not,通常不進行否定轉移。當然,這並不是說否定詞not不能否定以上動詞形式,而是說否定賓語從句和否定主句謂語動詞的意思不同。試比較:
He knew you wouldn’t tell on him.
他知道你不會出賣他。
He didn’t know you should tell on him.
他沒想到你竟會出賣他。
I mean you didn’t do it right.
我是說你做得不對。
I don’t mean you did it right.
我並不是說你做的對。
I am afraid that he won’t threaten me with death.
恐怕他不會以死來威脅我。
I am not afraid that he will threaten me with death.
我不怕他以死來威脅我。
5.動詞hope不可進行否定轉移。
I hope it won’t snow.
我希望天不下雪。
I hope she doesn’t dislike the flowers.
我希望她不會討厭(會喜歡)這些花。
6.在下列幾種情況下,think的賓語從句中的否定詞通常不可前移到主句中:
1) 賓語從句中有固定短語,如can’t help, not at all, not only… but also… 等。
I think everybody can’t help laughing if they see it.
我認為,人們看到時會禁不住大笑。
I think she is not only beautiful but also kind.
我認為,她不僅漂亮,而且善良。
2) 賓語從句中not與just, enough, quite, much等副詞連用。如:
I think you are not quite sure about it.
我認為,你們對這一點並不能完全肯定。
I think she’s not much like her mother.
我覺得,她不怎么像她的母親。
3) 賓語從句中含有no, nothing, never, nobody等。如:
I think she has never been there.
我認為,她從未去過那裡。
4) think本身有其他詞修飾或與其他動詞構成並列謂語。如:
I sometimes think he is not an honest man.
我有時認為他並不誠實。
I do think you shouldn’t hurt her.
我的確認為你不該傷害她。
I think and hope that I’m not disturbing you so much.
我認為,也希望,我不太打擾你。
5)think以過去時、完成時等出現,則不一定要求否定前移。如:
I was thinking that he wouldn’t succeed.
我在想他不會成功。
I thought you didn’t marry her.
我原以為你不會與她結婚。
I had thought he wouldn’t come.
我原以為他不會來呢。
但是,在現代英語中,為了使語氣柔和,過去時態的句子中偶爾也可見到這種否定轉移。如:
I don’t think this man would want to hurt me.
我想,這個人不會傷害我。
6)think的主語不是I或we,而是其它人稱。如:
They think she will not come.
他們認為她不會來。
7.在現代英語中,下面兩句都可以說:
I don’t think he will succeed.
I think he won’t succeed.
我認為他不會成功。
In China, a lot of people don't think 4 is a lucky number.
在中國,許多人不認為4是個吉祥的數字。

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