編號 | NFG-90-15 |
拉丁菌名 | Tricholoma quercicola Zang sp. nov. |
中文菌名 | 卵孢膠盤耳 |
定名人 | 劉波 范黎 |
Nomencla | Zang Mu |
發表文章 | 中國花耳科的新種和新變種 |
Article | A Taxonomic and Geographic Study on the Song Rong (Matsutake) Group and Its Allied Species |
作者 | 劉波 范黎 |
Author | Zang Mu |
作者單位 | 山西大學生物系, 太原 030006 |
摘要 | 本文報導了中國花耳科 Dacrymycetaceae 的4個新種和1個變種, 它們是卵孢膠盤 耳 Guepiniopsis ovisporus Liu et Fan, 太白山假花耳 Dacryopinax taibaishanensis Liu et Fan, 羊肚菌狀膠 角耳 Dalocera morchelloides Liu et Fan, 四川花耳 Dacrymyces sichuanensis Liu et Fan 和掌狀花耳小型 變種Dacrymyces palmatus (Schw.)Bres. var. minor. Liu et Fan. 除太白山假花耳模式標本保存在中國科學 院微生物研究所標本室外, 其它的模式標本均保存在山西 大學真菌標本室. |
Abstract | Song Rong Masutake, (Pine mushrion) group is the most favorite edible mushrooms in Eastern Asia, Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Singer var. matsutakeis associated with pine forest and native to North Eastern and South Western China, it as well as in Japan and Korea. The Song Rong (Pine mushrooms) nomenclature and description has been one of the old traditional reference in China, as early as the Song Dynasty, a famous scholar named Tang Shen-Wei, who compiled " ReorganizedBen-Cao (Pen-Tsao)" (1802-1094 A. D.) in which, the Song Rong is contained. The Chinese "Song" pronounce =Pine, "Rong"=young pilose antler, the very name meaning the mushrooms associate with Pines, the young basidiocarp lookslike a young pilose antler, the later followed by Chen Rinyu "A Treatise on Fungi" 1245 A. d., who gives a more complete ecological and pharmaceutical discussions and point out, the Song Jun (Pine mushrooms) isapparently referred to Song Rong, which is generally referred to as a synonym. In addition to the above statement about the ancient nomenclature of Song Rong or Song Jun from China,simultaneously, there is a similar passage in later works by Japanese priest Kenko in his "Tsurezuregusa" (1330-31), he noted the Masutake (Japanese pronounce: Matsu orMasu) =pine, Take=mushroom), however, the Sino-Japan calligraphy Character of Pine mushroom are exactly alike. Moreover, there in replaced by a varitty of the samespecies Triclioloma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Singer var. formosana Sawada distriuted in Prov. Taiwan, China. Some other closely related but different species, the American matsutake[Tricholoma ponderosa (Peck) Singer] has a representative only occurs in western coast of North America, the European matsutake [Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Ricken] is widely distributed in Europe and North Africa. Matsutake group not only forming ectomycorrhiza with conifers, even several species forming ectomycorrhizae with Family Fagaceae, belong to genera Quercus, Castanopsis and Lithocarpus etc., a common species,Tricholoma bakamatsutake Hongo, that associated with different species of the genus Quercus from Japan and Western China. They either species Tricholoma quercicola Zang occurs in North Yunnan and Western Sichuan,beyond the Tsanpo (Yarlung Zangbo), where is the eastern terminus of the Himalayas proper. Some original mycofloras of temperate Asia, including China, Japan and Korea, especially in the Sino-Himalayanregion of the Western China have the richest alpine Quercus forest and Matsuake group, where have survived and thrived in better conditions than similar ones in Europea and North America. Tricholoma quercicola Zang is close to Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Singer, but may be distinguished from the latte by its cheilocystidia, and occurs in good mycorrhizal associationwith Genus Quercus, never Pinus, these features also similar to Tricholoma bakamatsutake Hongo, but differs in the larger and round in outline basidospores (6.5-10.7×5-6.5μm, whichwhich often shows prominent angles. The colonies and hyphae in pure culture were white and thick on agar media, and there was a developmental formation of whitish aerial hyphae, but the colonies were relatively small. A number of distribution patterns, concerning the rational exploitation, utilization, reservation of Matsitake group are described and illustrated. The type specimen of the newspecies Tricholoma quercicola is deposited in the Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Kunming (HKAS). |
關鍵字 | 花耳科, 卵孢膠盤耳, 太白山假花耳, 羊肚菌狀膠角耳, 四川花耳 , 掌狀花耳小型變種 |
Key | |
期刊 | 真菌學報 9(1):12-19, 1990 |
Publication | Acta Mycologica Sinica (Chinese; English Abstract), 9(2):pp.113-127, 1990 |
分享省市 | 湖北省神農架林區 |
Place | Deqin County, Yunnan Province, China |
採集地 | 神農架自然保護區林中朽木 |
Environment | The mushroom collected on the land of alpine oak forest at Baima Snow Mountain (Baimaxueshan) / 3300M / cold-temperate zone monsoon alpine oak forest |
海撥高度 | |
生態環境 | 亞熱帶季風高山針闊混交林帶 |
寄主 | 朽木 |
Habitat | subtropical moist monsoon alpine oak forest zone |
Host | soil in oak forest |
採集人 | 彭寅斌 |
Isolation Person | Wang Lisong |
採集時間 | |
保存單位 | 山西大學生物系真菌標本室, 太原 030006 |
Preservation Unit | The Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese AcademY of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan Province, China |
描述 | |
等模式 | |
Speciman No. | |
全文 | |
Note | The species is a taste edible mushroom |
