一溴甲烷

一溴甲烷常溫下是無色氣體。通常無味，在高濃度時有甜味。

基本介紹

• 中文名：一溴甲烷
• 英文名：Methyl bromide
• 別稱：溴甲烷
• 化學式：CH3Br
• 分子量：94.94

概述

被廣泛用於土壤消毒和消滅害蟲，但在蒙特婁條約中屬於逐步禁用藥品。分子式CH3-Br。只含共價鍵。無同分異構體。可使用CH4與Br發生取代反應製得。

基本信息

中文名稱：一溴甲烷

中文別名：甲基溴;溴甲烷

英文名稱：Methyl bromide

英文別名：Metafume; Brom-O-Gas; Brom-O-Gaz; Brom-O-Sol；bromomethane；Celfume; curafume；Dowfume；dowfume mc-2; dowfume mc-33；EDCO; embafume；Halon 1001；haltox; iscobrome；Kayafume；MB; MBX; MeBr; Meth-O-Gas; methogas; monobromomethane; profume; Rotox; terabol; Terr-O-Gas; terr-o-gas 100; Zytox

CAS號：74-83-9

EINECS號：200-813-2

分子式：CH3Br

分子量：94.94

InChI：InChI=1/CH3Br/c1-2/h1H3

物理參數

相對密度1.730(0/4℃)。

熔點-93.66℃。

沸點3.6℃。

自燃點537.22℃。

蒸氣密度3.27。蒸氣與空氣混合物爆炸限13.5～14.5%

折射率 1.4432

溶解性 易溶於乙醇、氯仿、乙醚、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、苯。液體溴甲烷能與醇、醚、酮等混溶。

產品用途

用作糧食、木材、倉庫殺蟲及菸草等土壤消毒，作製藥中間體、滅火劑。

物質毒性

編號	毒性類型	測試方法	測試對象	使用劑量	毒性作用
1	acute	Inhalation	Human - man	60000 ppm/2H	1.行為毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold; 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation; 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
2	acute	Inhalation	Human - child	1 gm/m3/2H	1.血液毒性Blood - change in clotting factors
3	acute	Inhalation	Human	35 ppm	1.行為毒性Behavioral - anorexia (human); 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting; 3.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - corrosive (after topical exposure)
4	acute	Administration onto the skin	Human	35 gm/m3/40M-I	1.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, irritative (after systemic exposure)
5	acute	Oral	Rodent - rat	214 mg/kg	1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
6	acute	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	302 ppm/8H	1.行為毒性Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay); 2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain; 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
7	acute	Subcutaneous	Rodent - rat	135 mg/kg	1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
8	acute	Inhalation	Rodent - mouse	1540 mg/m3/2H	1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
9	acute	Oral	Mammal - dog	500 mg/kg	1.心臟毒性Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP; 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting; 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
10	acute	Inhalation	Rodent - rabbit	28900 mg/m3/30M	1.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
11	acute	Inhalation	Rodent - guinea pig	300 ppm/9H	1.行為毒性Behavioral - muscle weakness; 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis); 3.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - hair
12	MutipleDose	Oral	Rodent - rat	21840 mg/kg/2Y-C	1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition; 2.皮膚和附屬檔案毒性Skin and Appendages - hair; 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
13	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	120 ppm/6H/13W-I	1.血液毒性Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells; 2.血液毒性Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count; 3.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
14	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	150 ppm/6H/5D-I	1.生化毒性Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases; 2.生化毒性Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - amino acids (including renal excretion)
15	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	160 ppm/6H/6W-I	1.大腦毒性Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes; 2.嗅覺毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified; 3.心臟毒性Cardiac - other changes
16	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	300 ppm/4H/3W-I	1.行為毒性Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity); 2.行為毒性Behavioral - ataxia; 3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
17	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - mouse	200 ppm/6H/14D-I	1.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
18	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - mouse	120 ppm/6H/13W-I	1.行為毒性Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity; 2.營養和代謝系統毒性Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain; 3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
19	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - mouse	160 ppm/6H/6W-I	1.腎、輸尿管和膀胱毒性Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis); 2.內分泌毒性Endocrine - other changes; 3.血液毒性Blood - changes in spleen
20	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Primate - monkey	250 mg/m3/8H/26W-I	1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change; 2.行為毒性Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
21	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - rabbit	130 mg/m3/8H/26W-I	1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change; 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis); 3.慢性病相關毒性Related to Chronic Data - death
22	MutipleDose	Inhalation	Rodent - guinea pig	850 mg/m3/8H/26W-I	1.周圍神經毒性Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change; 2.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema; 3.肺部、胸部或者呼吸毒性Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
23	Mutation		Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium	400 ppm
24	Mutation		Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium	5 gm/m3
25	Mutation		Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium	3 pph
26	Mutation		Bacteria - Klebsiella pneumoniae	4750 mg/m3
27	Mutation	Inhalation	Insect - Drosophila melanogaster	8 mg/L/1H (Continuous)
28	Mutation	Inhalation	Insect - Drosophila melanogaster	150 mg/m3/6H
29	Mutation		Human Lymphocyte	95 mg/L
30	Mutation		Human Lymphocyte	43000 ppm
31	Mutation		Human Lymphocyte	5 mg/L
32	Mutation	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	338 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent)
33	Mutation	Inhalation	Rodent - mouse	100 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent)
34	Mutation	Inhalation	Rodent - mouse	200 ppm/6H/14D (Intermittent)
35	Mutation		Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte	300 ug/L
36	Tumorigenic	Oral	Rodent - rat	3250 mg/kg/13W-I	1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria; 2.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - peritonitis; 3.胃腸道毒性Gastrointestinal - tumors
37	Tumorigenic	Inhalation	Rodent - rat	30 ppm/6H/2.5Y-I	1.致癌性Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria; 2.嗅覺毒性Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors
38	Reproductive	Oral	Rodent - rat	300 mg/kg,female 6-15 day(s) after conception	1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
39	Reproductive	Oral	Rodent - rabbit	130 mg/kg,female 6-18 day(s) after conception	1.生殖毒性Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects