Waiver是英文名詞，指主動或被動放棄權利的行為，亦可指具有法律效力的棄權證書。該詞常見於法律協定、教育政策及商業條款中，涉及權利的自願讓渡與法定程式確認，需通過書面檔案或特定流程實現法律效力。其英美發音分別為/ˈweɪvə(r)/和/ˈweɪvər/，複數形式為waivers。
該術語涵蓋學費減免、臨床試驗豁免、憲法權利放棄等多領域套用，常以書面形式（如免責聲明）、行政程式（如費用減免）等方式體現法律效力。在金融、保險領域，特指"責任免除""免碰撞保險"等條款；國際事務中則涉及簽證豁免等官方授權檔案。法律實踐中分為明示放棄與默示放棄兩種形式。
詞源可追溯至中古英語"weyver"，原指財產權棄置行為。17世紀經盎格魯-法語法律術語演變，通過動詞waive名詞化確立"放棄聲明"的核心語義。現代法律體系發展使其適用範圍擴展至契約法、國際貿易、體育法規等領域，如1907年記錄的棒球棄權制度（baseball waivers）。作為跨領域法律術語，其演變脈絡反映了權利讓渡制度在不同社會場景中的規範化進程。
基本介紹
- 外文名：waiver
- 英式讀音：[ˈweɪvə(r)]
- 美式讀音：[ˈweɪvər]
- 詞性：名詞
短語搭配,雙語例句,
短語搭配
tuition waiver 學費減免 ; 免學費 ; 減免學費 ; 學費全免
trial waiver 減免臨床試驗
Waiver Application 豁免申請
Lien waiver 留置權拋棄
fndisplay waiver 顯示免除
fnchange waiver 更改免除
waiver notice 生產擱置通知
Create waiver 創建免除
雙語例句
No failure by either party to enforce any rights hereunder shall be construed a waiver.
任何一方不履行其在本協定下的權利不應被視為棄權。
Paraguay said it is continuing with efforts to find an acceptable solution to the US waiver requests.
巴拉圭稱其一直在努力就美國的豁免請求達成可以接受的解決方案。
The couples asked not to be named since both are currently going through the waiver process by admitting to alcohol problems they do not believe exist.
他們請求不要署名，因為，在他們承認了自己並不認為存在的酗酒問題後，他們當下得以經過豁免程式。
- Article 16 Discrepant Documents, Waiver and notice. 第十六條不符單據及不符點的放棄與通知。
- That price includes full collision waiver and unlimited mileage. 這個價格包括全額免碰撞保險服務，並且不限里程。
- “If the author requests a waiver, the dean will provide a waiver, ” he says. 如果作者想要自動棄權，學院將會提供一份棄權證書，“他說。
- No failure by either party to enforce any rights hereunder shall be construed a waiver. 任何一方不履行其在本協定下的權利不應被視為棄權。
- We have this one parting gift-- just a little legal waiver for the cameras if you would. 我這有份臨別贈禮-,準許我們使用您肖像權的聲明，希望您笑納。
- California still needs a waiver from the EPA in order to enforce its own emissions standards. 加州為了加強它自己的排放標準仍然需要從EPA獲得一個棄權證書。
- The Council agreed to revert to the US waiver requests on AGOA, CBERA and ATPA at the next meeting. 貨物貿易理事會同意在下一次會議上答覆美國對AGOA、CBERA和ATPA的豁免請求。
- Paraguay said it is continuing with efforts to find an acceptable solution to the US waiver requests. 巴拉圭稱其一直在努力就美國的豁免請求達成可以接受的解決方案。
- Florida has used a federal waiver to set up a voucher-like scheme to let the poor buy private insurance. 佛羅里達州使用聯邦豁免來設定一個擔保人計畫，從而讓窮人購買私人保險。
- Canadian officials say they hope to secure a waiver for Canadian products if the provision becomes law. 加拿大官員說，如果這個條款成為法律，他們希望能保證對加拿大產品做出豁免。
- The key for Florida, alone among the 50 states, was obtaining a statewide waiver from federal funding rules. Florida面對的關鍵問題是如何在50個州中單獨從聯邦現有法律中獲得全國性的豁免權利
- Los Angeles County, where a Florida-style funding waiver is in effect, accounts for much of the decrease. Florida式的資金減免在LosAngeles也取得了成效，也因此在洛杉磯寄養人數的下降在California占了絕大多數。
- The state's individual mandate has become law, but perhaps a fifth of its uninsured are likely to get a hardship waiver. 麻省強制個人購買保險的政策已經寫進法律，但是大約五分之一沒有保險的人符合因為家庭困難而豁免交錢的規定。
- Foreign travellers who book tour packages under this campaign will enjoy the waiver of visa fees till the end of 2009. 預訂了此旅遊套餐的外國遊客，到2009年底都可以免除簽證費用。
- So unless Banks are able to attract sizeable local currency deposits, ambitions could be crimped when that waiver ends. 因此，除非外資銀行能夠吸收到大量人民幣存款，否則在寬限期結束後，它們的雄心可能會受到限制
- These include seeking an approval from the International Atomic Energy Agency and a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group. 這些步驟包括獲得國際原子能機構的批准以及核供應國集團的首肯。
- If they didn't clean out the house, I have to ask them to sign a waiver stating that everything left inside can be disposed of. 如果他們沒有清理好房子，我就得叫他們簽一個免權條約，任何留在屋子裡的東西都可以被清理掉了。
- The Bank introduced its 100 basis point front-end fee in 1998 and first waived part of it in fiscal 2005 with the 50 basis point waiver. 世行於1998年推出了100個基本點的先征費，在2005財年開始先實行部分減免，減免幅度為50個基本點。
- The easiest—and by far most expensive—way to avoid insurance hassles is to buy the rental company's "collision/loss damage waiver, " or CDW. 最簡便的也是迄今為止最為昂貴的避免保險糾紛的方式就是購買租車公司的“車損險”（CDW）。
