hidebound

核心定義

作為形容詞，hidebound 包含三層含義：

形容思想狹隘、固執己見的人格特質，如"a hidebound pedant"（迂腐的學究）
描述固守傳統不願變革的社會現象，常用於批評組織或制度，如"國際奧委會對業餘主義的頑固堅持"
表示動物（如牛、馬）因營養不良導致皮膚緊貼肋骨的生理狀態

語義演變

該詞最初用於形容牲畜因飢餓導致皮膚緊貼骨骼的狀態（1550-1560年），後通過隱喻擴展至形容思想僵化的現象。英語詞典中普遍採用"stubbornly conservative and narrow-minded"作為標準英英釋義。

使用特點

貶義色彩：多用於批評被傳統過度束縛的個人或集體，如"被過時的意識形態限制的政黨"
搭配傾向：
常與'customs'（習俗）、'ideology'（意識形態）、'bureaucracy'（官僚體系）等抽象名詞連用
慣用介詞搭配包括"by convention"（被慣例）
跨語言對應：
西班牙語譯為'intransigente'（固執的）
繁體中文譯為"頑固的；守舊的"

典型例句

社會層面："A society hidebound by ancient customs struggles to embrace technological innovation"
政治領域："Conservative leaders in Yemen's coup maintained hidebound policies until 2023"
文化批評："Broadway's hidebound traditions delayed the acceptance of experimental theater forms"

特殊用法

在獸醫領域仍保留原始生物學含義，描述牲畜因營養不良導致體態消瘦的狀態，這種用法最早見於16世紀畜牧業文獻。園藝學中偶用於描述樹皮質地堅硬、缺乏韌性的特徵。

雙語例句

The men are hidebound and reactionary. 那些人既頑固又反動。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
The economy was hidebound by public spending and private monopolies. 該經濟體由於公共開支和私有壟斷而變得僵化。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
Hidebound be to bring about liverish main reason? 營養不良是導致肝病的主要原因？
Whole world the children with 70 hidebound % lives in this area. 全世界70%營養不良的兒童都居住在這個地區。
It's a very hidebound society and views anything new with suspicion. 是個非常保守的社會，對任何新事物都抱著懷疑的態度。
London doesn't seem as hidebound by tradition as some of the other European cities. 不像其他歐洲城市，倫敦並不因傳統而守舊。
The more hidebound European universities must be wondering what on earth they have started. 思想更為頑固的歐洲大學必須考慮他們出發點到底為何。
Wine, perhaps more than any other perishable consumer good, is hidebound by an often unfathomable set of rules. 其它一次性消費品相比，葡萄酒的規矩大概是最多的了，這些規矩極其複雜，常常會令人莫知適從。
In other words, the stage figures developed will be not hidebound, pale artistic bodies but live, plump artistic creations. 戲曲導演二度創造出的舞台形象才可能是活的飽滿的藝術生靈，而不是死的蒼白的技術軀殼。
Hidebound him design have never been, sometimes, change an Angle to see problems, will get the result that expect is less than. 良將設計從來都不是墨守成規，有時候，換個角度看問題，會取得意想不到的效果。
Whether the economy rides out the euro-area crisis will depend on which Spain prevails-the more competitive version or the hidebound one. 西班牙的經濟是否能夠挺過這次歐洲區危機主要依賴於哪個西班牙會盛行——是那個有競爭力的版本、還是那個墨守成規的。
Actually, the woman is vivid life snacks every detail, it just as woman's lover, had its ornament, their life is no longer hidebound. 其實，零食生動著女人一生中的每個細節，它恰似女人的情人，有了它的點綴，她們的生活不再是墨守成規。
He studied physics knowledge to teach senior to savage, he by his wisdom to break the school hidebound traditional education concept. 他用所學的物理知識來教訓野蠻的學長，他用智慧打破了學院墨守成規的傳統教育觀念。
Although many literary critics seem to regard the Canon as rather hidebound and resistive to change, in fact it has always been very mutable. 儘管諸多文論家覺得經典似乎很固執，並且拒絕改變，但實際上它總是處於變化之中。
This crunch has put the spurs to the city's sluggish development process, and also shaken off a bit of its hidebound attitude about building design. 這次危機給城市發展緩慢的過程以動力，同時也拜託了它對建築設計的一些保守態度。
Although some critics ridiculed her flowing and expressive movements, Isadora brought flexibility and self-expression to the hidebound world of classical dance. 儘管對她那行雲流水般富有表現力的動作持嘲笑態度的批評家大有人在，但伊莎多拉卻為死板的古典舞蹈界帶來了靈動性和自我表現力。
As someone who came up through the ranks of the often hidebound and highly deferential corporate world, I am glad to say good riddance to much of the old office culture. 作為從往往守舊並對上高度恭敬的企業界爬上來的人，我很高興地終於可以向許多陳舊的辦公室文化說再見了。
Farmers can be among the most hidebound of managers, so it is no surprise that they are nervous about a new idea called prescriptive planting, which is set to disrupt their business. 農民可以比較死板的管理者之一，這並不會感到意外，因為他們會對一些新型的規範性種植產生緊張感。