hamstring

hamstring是英語多義詞，作名詞指人體膝關節後側連線大腿與小腿的膕繩肌腱，作及物動詞包含切斷肌腱致殘的實體動作及阻礙行為的隱喻用法。該詞在運動醫學中常描述肌肉拉傷（如hamstring injury），其短語組合涵蓋解剖結構、訓練動作及病理狀態等套用場景。

作為解剖學術語，hamstring特指膕繩肌腱群，負責膝關節屈曲與髖部伸展。動詞用法既保留傳統"切斷腿筋"的致殘含義，也衍生出削弱效能的抽象語義，常見於政治、經濟等領域的被動語態表達（如"hamstrung by bureaucracy"）。其名詞複數形式hamstrings側重描述肌腱群體，動詞時態變化包含hamstrung/hamstringing等形態。

詞源上，hamstring由古英語"hamm"（膝彎）與"string"（繩狀物）複合構成，最初指動物後肢肌腱。16世紀引入人體解剖學後，1670年代衍生出動詞"致殘"含義，現代英語通過隱喻擴展出"系統性制約"的抽象詞義，形成從具體解剖術語到抽象行為限制的語義演變鏈。

基本介紹

• 外文名：hamstring
• 詞性：名詞、及物動詞
• 英式發音：[ˈhæmstrɪŋ]
• 美式發音：[ˈhæmstrɪŋ]

單詞用法

N-COUNT A hamstring is a length of tissue or tendon behind your knee which joins the muscles of your thigh to the bones of your lower leg. 膕繩肌腱

V-T If you are hamstrung by a person, problem, or difficulty, they make it very difficult for you to take any action. 使無能為力 [usu v-link ADJ 'by' n]

短語搭配

hamstring tendon 膕繩肌 ; 膕繩肌腱 ; 膕繩肌肌腱 ; 肌腱

hamstring Curl 腿筋捲毛 ; 腿部的彎舉運動 ; 腿彎舉 ; 膕繩肌捲曲

hamster hamstring 股繩肌腱 ; 股背肌

téuigān hamstring 腿筋

hamstring injuries 膕繩肌損傷

Hamstring muscle 腿後筋肌 ; 腿後腱

Hamstring curls 俯臥彎腿

Pulled hamstring 腳筋拉傷

Hamstring Injury 腳部機肉拉伸 ; 奈繩肌損傷

雙語例句

• "I was a bit gutted, as I strained my hamstring again on Friday, " said Richards. “我有點沮喪，因為我在周五再次拉傷了我的腿筋。”理查茲說。
• She's pulled a hamstring. 她拉傷了一條膕繩肌腱。《牛津詞典》
• He felt a slight twinge in his damaged hamstring. 他感受到受傷的膕繩肌處有一陣輕微的劇痛。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
• Webster has not played since suffering a hamstring injury in the opening game. 韋伯斯特自從首場比賽膕繩肌腱受傷以來就沒有再參加比賽。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
• Richards had defied doctors by using an oxygen tent to recover from his hamstring injury ahead of schedule to play in the showpiece last Saturday. 理查茲無視醫生的建議，在上周六的比賽中提前使用氧氣帳篷從肌腱傷勢中恢復
• Deonte Thompson missed the game because of a hamstring injury. 德農·湯普森由於繩肌受傷缺席了比賽。
• IT WAS NOT a PULL, but more a strain of my hamstring muscle. 我並沒有拉傷，更像是跟腱肌肉緊張。
• Cycle through hamstring, quadricep, calf, lower back and shoulder stretches. 循環拉伸跟腱，股四頭肌，小腿肌，後背的肌肉和肩部的肌肉。
• George Bush said the plan would hamstring operations and promised a veto. See article. 布希則表示該計畫會干擾美軍在伊拉克的行動並威脅將實施否決權。
• He lasted only four minutes of the game and scans revealed he had a torn hamstring and calf. 他那場只有四分鐘的上場比賽後，經過掃描再次小腿肌肉韌帶拉傷。
• However, if you have an existing hamstring injury, be sure to introduce these poses gradually. 如果你已經有膕繩肌損傷，一定要循序漸進地進行這些練習。
• After all the Germans' oft-expressed fears about Schweinsteiger's hamstring, here he was in imperious form. 畢竟，德國人都很擔心他的肌腱，如今他狀態如日中天。
• But there was better news about Rio Ferdinand, who could return from a hamstring injury by the end of August. 還好費迪南德的傷勢很樂觀，里奧大概八月底就能從他的腿筋傷勢中恢復過來
• Steven has a hamstring strain and will be out for a fortnight, while Fernando has torn a cartilage in his right knee. 傑拉德和托雷斯都在今天早些時候和雷丁隊的比賽後接受了檢查，傑拉德大腿肌腱拉傷將要休戰2周，而托雷斯右膝軟骨組織受損，這次受傷需要接受手術來恢復，所以他將要大概休戰6周的時間。youdao
• Everyone tried to help yesterday when Balotelli started, with Carlos Tevez's tight hamstring keeping him to the bench. 昨天由於卡洛斯·特維斯大腿抽筋巴洛特利首發出場，每個人都試著幫助他。
• But it's smart to learn proper technique, especially when it comes to your inner knees, hamstring tendons, and sacroiliac joints. 儘管如此，提前學習一些保護自己的技巧還是明智之選，特別是關於膝蓋，大腿肌腱和骶髂關節。
• Low Suffered a season-ending hamstring injury before half-time of the 2010 Carling Cup final, having scored once in an impressive start. 賽季將要結束的時候——2010年聯賽杯決賽不到半場時腳筋拉傷下場，不過下場之前還打入一球。
• There was an anguished cry and a clutch to his right hamstring, Garcia departing the pitch on a stretcher and the stadium on crutches. 本場比賽中，利物浦隊隊員加西亞在比賽開始僅100秒的時候，就在一次觸球中痛苦的大叫一聲倒地，並隨後被擔架抬下場。
• Ferguson is already without Michael Owen, who is underwent hamstring surgery on Monday that has ended the former England forward's season. 弗格森早已失去歐文，這位英格蘭前射手因為在周一被診斷出跟腱有傷，提前告別了本賽季。
• Rooney is still recovering from the hamstring injury that sidelined him for Saturday's draw with Stoke and it is not clear when he will return. 因為肌腱拉傷的魯尼還在康復中，這也是他缺席客場挑戰巴斯托克城的原因，並且還不確定他何時能傷愈歸隊。
• Sprinters pull this muscle more than distance runners, but as I discovered, even straining your hamstring can limit your ability to run fast. 短跑者比長跑者更多地使用這塊肌肉，不過照我的觀察如果後腿腱緊張也會限制你的速度。
• The England forward picked up an injury in the 3-0 victory over Bolton on Saturday, but scans on his knee and hamstring revealed no serious damage. 這名英格蘭球星在球隊3-0戰勝博爾頓的比賽中受傷，但檢查顯示他的膝蓋和肌腱傷勢並不嚴重。
• Say that you're a flexible yoga teacher. Each day you wake up and practice hamstring stretches, then demonstrate deep forward bends in your classes. 假設你是一位身體柔軟的瑜伽老師，某天清晨，你正在舒展下肢，為待會要在課堂上示範的深度前屈做準備。
• I left not for physical reasons - I'd had a torn hamstring tendon in 2003, but it hadn't affected my speed - but because it was my season for change. 我之所以要離開，不是因為身體的原因，在2003年的時候我曾經後跟腱撕裂，但那並沒有影響我的速度；我要走是因為我覺得人生到了該改變的季節。
• If Wade has any further problems with his hamstring, he'll sit until they're absolutely sure he's ready to play, and the same goes for James and Bosh. 如果韋德傷了，他會穿上西裝直到他確保能完全無礙。詹姆斯和波什也會如此。
• The Sunday Mirror says Arsenal skipper Fabregas will declare himself fit after hamstring problems for Tuesday's clash against Barcelona in the Nou Camp. 阿森納隊長塞斯克法布雷加斯將在歐冠聯賽上與巴塞隆納發生衝突。