arousal

arousal是英語名詞，發音為[əˈraʊz(ə)l]，作名詞時意為“喚起，激起；清醒，醒來”，在心理學、生理學及神經科學領域形成專業套用。根據情緒維度理論，arousal與效價(valence)共同構成情緒的兩個核心維度，被定義為機體清醒程度和反應準備狀態的衡量指標。

該術語涉及藍斑核-杏仁核通路等神經基礎，研究證實丘腦室旁核神經元傳遞arousal相關信息，星形膠質細胞鈣信號通過增強腎上腺素作用調控其水平。耶基斯-多德森法則指出中等喚醒水平與最佳表現相關，過度喚醒會觸發戰逃反應。在臨床醫學中，arousal關聯持續性生殖器官興奮紊亂(PGAD)等疾病，並作為重症喚醒、神經調控技術的關鍵參數套用於個性化治療。神經機制研究通過果蠅視覺-晝夜節律網路調控模型及高碳酸血症引發覺醒機制研究持續推進。

基本介紹

• 外文名：arousal
• 詞性：名詞
• 發音：[əˈraʊz(ə)l]

單詞釋義

英 [əˈraʊz(ə)l] 美 [əˈraʊz(ə)l]

n. 喚起，（尤指性慾的）激起；（睡後的）清醒，醒來

短語搭配

Arousal disorders 喚醒障礙 ; 醒障礙

arousal system 覺醒系統 ; 喚起系統 ; 喚醒系統

arousal level 覺醒水平 ; 覺水平

optimal arousal level 最佳喚醒水平 ; 覺醒水準

arousal reaction 喚起反應 ; 覺醒反應 ; 喚醒反應

Arousal Index 覺醒指數 ; 微覺醒指數 ; 微覺醒 ; 醒指數

arousal theory 激活論 ; 喚醒理論 ; 激發理論

over arousal 過度喚起

emotional arousal 情緒喚起 ; 情緒喚醒 ; 情緒的喚醒

雙語例句

• Thinking angry thoughts can provoke strong physiological arousal. 想生氣的事情能激起強烈的生理興奮。
• The processes of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. 覺醒和集中的過程為注意力提供了方向。
• Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled. 一開始覺醒是普遍的，在腦幹中有大量的脈衝，然後激活作用逐漸被輸送。
• An early strain of research claimed that when we watch television, our brains mostly exhibit slow alpha waves—indicating a low level of arousal, similar to when we are daydreaming. 一項早期的研究表明，當我們看電視時，我們的大腦大多表現出緩慢的阿爾法波，這表明我們的興奮程度程度較低，類似於做白日夢的狀態。
• Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. 加強對自我感知的刺激會加劇內心的各種情緒活動。
• Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. 面部肌肉因緊張而收縮會加強這種刺激，如人們感到恐懼時所表現出的肌肉收縮。
• Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects. 他們的生理反應也迅速下降到與對照組相同的水平。
• Gathering your resources to "try hard" requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. 調動資源來“努力嘗試”，需要消耗精力，以克服目前的低喚醒水平。
• The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. 這些狀態的變化是以激發系統作為媒介完成的，而所謂激發系統，是指從各個感覺系統匯聚到位於腦幹中整合中心的一個網路。
• Dopamine is released during arousal. 多巴胺是在興奮時釋放的。
• Figure 2: Interpersonal Distance and arousal. 圖2：人際距離和激勵。
• With women, physical arousal and mental arousal are separate. 但對於女性，物理喚醒和精神喚醒是分開的。
• It distracts us, and takes our arousal back to the starting blocks. 它分散我們的注意力，使我們的覺醒又回到了起點。
• Arugula has been heralded as an arousal aid since the first century. 從1世紀以來，芝麻已被認為是增強興奮的輔助物。
• Allow your partner's arousal to feed and merge with your own arousal. 為對方的興奮而滿足並與自身的興奮相融合。
• They rated each ritual's frequency and the level of arousal involved. 他們對每種儀式的舉辦頻率以及其“振奮”程度進行評估。
• This is a phenomenon about the misattribution for the causes of arousal. 這個現象，這是一個產生性覺醒錯覺的現象。
• The key to female arousal seems to be deep relaxation and a lack of anxiety. 而男性興奮則更取決於深度的休息和不焦慮的狀態。
• At the same time I prescribed minor tranquillizers tolower her arousal levels. 同時我給她開一些弱安定藥以降低她的警醒水平。
• The more salient we make the source of the arousal, the less likely you can get the effect. 我們越突現覺醒原因，越不可能獲得這個效果。
• As a consequence, the "lie detector" test is misnamed: It's really an arousal detector.41. 這導致測謊受到詆毀：這實是一台喚醒探測器。
• It cannot determine if the emotional arousal is negative or positive, only that it is happening. 它不能決定情緒是消極或是積極的，只能感測情緒的發生。
• When you first started drinking coffee, the arousal was all you wanted and also all that you got. 當你剛開始喝咖啡，你只是想提一下神，它也確實能起到提神的作用。
• She said: 'During the sessions I use the power of arousal to let you gain more control over your life. 他說：“我使用激勵的方法，使客人更好地控制自己的生活”。
• It's more complicated for women because of the separation between physical and psychological arousal. 因為在生理喚醒和心理喚醒上存在差異，所以對女性來說情況更為複雜。
• She was in a perpetual state of heightened arousal, hence the pacing, moaning, and inability to sleep. 她始終處於一種高度警醒的狀態，因此她一直在踱步，悲泣，而無法入睡。
• Ultimately, you needed more and more coffee each day to achieve the same level of arousal and vigilance. 最終，你每天需要越來越多的咖啡來達到平時的工作專注水平。
• The brain is resistant to arousal during deep sleep, which explains why it's difficult to wake a sleepwalker. 深度睡眠時大腦對外界的激勵有抵抗力，這解釋了為什麼很難叫醒夢遊者。
• An initial experiment showed that, relative to staring straight ahead, eye-movements increased arousal levels. 最初的實驗表明，與向前直視相比，眼部運動提升了覺醒水平。