"affront"是英語中的正式用語,主要作名詞和動詞使用,指通過言論或行為在公開場合對他人尊嚴或自尊造成有意的羞辱。作為名詞時強調侮辱性事件本身,如傷害他人名譽的公開言論;動詞形式則側重主動實施的冒犯行為。其語義內涵有別於一般"insult",更突出故意性和公開性特徵。
該詞源自古法語,詞根"af-"(朝向)與"front"(正面)組合,暗含"當面羞辱"的原始意象。現代用法中保留正式語體色彩,常見於書面表達及嚴肅場合。多語言對照顯示中文對應"侮辱/冒犯",法語、西班牙語等羅曼語系中均有同源詞。
基本介紹
- 詞性:名詞/動詞
- 發音:/əˈfrʌnt/
- 近義詞:insult、offend
- 語體:正式用語
- 詞源:古法語"afronter"
- 變形:affronted(過去式)
詞性與發音
釋義與用法
- 核心定義:有意識地損害他人尊嚴的言行,例如當眾貶低性評論。劍橋詞典強調其作為"可數名詞"的屬性,典型例句如"He regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity"(他認為這些評論是對其尊嚴的冒犯)。
- 搭配特徵:常與"to"連用構成"an affront to someone/something"結構,突顯受辱對象,如"Your behavior is an affront to public decency"(你的行為有傷風化)。
- 語義側重:強調行為人主動實施冒犯,例句"offer an affront to sb"(當眾侮辱某人)展現其及物動詞特徵。
- 語態特點:多用於被動語態表達受辱感受,如"We were affronted by the rude way..."(我們被粗魯的方式冒犯)。
同義詞辨析
- insult:通用詞,指任何形式的冒犯,不特定強調公開性
- snub:側重故意冷落或輕視,如拒絕握手等非言語侮辱
- offend:較泛指的冒犯行為,可能包含無意過失
詞源演化
- confront:保留"當面面對"的中性含義
- affront:派生詞,表'公開侮辱或冒犯的行為'
多語言對照
- 中文:繁體/簡體均譯為"侮辱/冒犯"
- 馬來語:名詞"penghinaan",動詞"menghina"
- 法語:'affront'作為名詞表示公開的羞辱或冒犯行為,例如'faire un affront à qqn'意為侮辱某人
- 西/葡語:西班牙語'afrenta'和葡萄牙語'afronta'與英語'affront'存在語義對應關係
典型例句
- 名詞用法:"The false accusations were a direct affront to her professional reputation"(虛假指控直接損害了她的職業聲譽)
- 動詞用法:"Such discriminatory policies affront the principles of equality"(此類歧視政策違背平等原則)
- 被動語態:"Many supporters felt affronted by the candidate's careless remarks"(許多支持者因候選人輕率言論感到受辱)
- It's an affront to human dignity to keep someone alive like this. 讓一個人如此活著是對人類尊嚴的一種侮辱。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
- What a Westerner considers an honest look in the eye, the Oriental takes as a lack of respect and a personal affront. 西方人認為是真誠的眼神,而東方人則認為是缺乏尊重和對個人的侮辱。
- The play was considered an affront to public morals. 人們認為這齣戲侮辱了公眾道德。《牛津詞典》
- He is expressing a deep affront. 他表達了一個深刻的蔑視。
- So great was the affront! 這是多大的侮辱啊!
- Should they bear affront all objection? 就要忍受侮辱?
- And such an affront is typically elitist. 而這蔑視是典型精英主義的。
- He was not a man to sit down with affront. 他並不是一個可以忍受當眾侮辱的人。
- This was done as an affront to God and the Universe. 這樣做是冒犯上帝和宇宙。
- His speech was an affront to all members of the community. 他的話對社區所有成員是故意的侮辱。
- Life is too short to turn every personal affront into a battle. 人生苦短,別太過於計較個人恩怨。
- His speech is an affront to all decent member of the community. 他的話對社區所有體面的成員是故意的侮辱。
- Having to rely on foreign rice seems to many a cultural affront. 被迫依賴於進口大米好像是對本國文化的侮辱。
- She did not dare affront him, for she understood the pride of artists. 她不敢冒犯他,因為她了解藝術家非常珍視尊嚴。
- Lack of sanitation is a serious health risk and an affront to human dignity. 衛生條件的缺乏不僅是一種嚴重的衛生風險,也是一種對人類尊嚴的損害。
- These acts are an affront to all standards of human decency and international law. 這些行為違背了人類尊嚴和國際法的一切準則。
- The sin of Ananias and Sapphira was an affront to the holiness of God in His church. 亞拿尼亞和撒非喇的罪就是挑戰聖潔的神和他的教會。
- Keep your shirt on. He didn't beggarly to affront you. That's just the way he allocutions. 保持冷靜。那只是他談話的慣常方法,他並非有意要觸犯你。
- When my husband, Dennis, first began using Facebook, it was an affront to our 23-year-old daughter. 我先生丹尼斯開始使用Facebook是對我們23歲女兒的公然挑戰。
- This will result in a waste of resources and could even affront the very individuals we are working to support. 這將帶來資源的浪費,甚至可能會冒犯我們正努力援助的那些人。
- The RUF specialised in cutting off the hands of their opponents for what they regarded as the smallest affront. 關於RUF,最駭人聽聞的莫過於哪怕他們的對手對他們只是最輕微的冒犯,也會招致砍去雙手之災。
- His contentment would be short-lived. France was bankrupt, and its monarchy an affront to the Enlightenment. 但這種令他滿足的狀況好景不長,法國陷於破產,其君主制也成為對啟蒙運動的公然蔑視。
- Smokers are an affront to this fantasy, and that is why no condemnation is strong enough for their presumption. 吸菸者是對這個幻想的侮辱,按他們的構想,這就是為什麼強烈譴責吸菸者還是不夠的。
- It is an affront to the armies of traders, brokers and fund managers who require high costs for their livelihood. 這對大量“飼養”成本的交易員、經紀商和基金經理來說真是莫大的蔑視。
- If you are challenged, you take it as a personal affront and tend to lash out and fight back in a vengeful manner. 如果你是挑戰,你把它作為個人的侮辱,往往批評,並爭取在報復性地回來。
- But if American parents did this, it would be seen as shortsighted and an affront to the dignity of their children. 但是,假如美國父母這樣做,就會被視為目光短淺,而且會冒犯孩子的尊嚴。
- Even when no one is killed, the trauma of doors being kicked down and women exposed to strangers is seen as a grave affront. 陌生人破門而入,婦女暴露在他們面前,即便沒有人員傷亡,這些痛苦經歷也是嚴重的侮辱與冒犯。
- Underlined is: “Each and every irksome Jew is a serious affront to the authenticity and veracity of our German identity.” 他寫到:“每一個猶太人惱人的存在都是對忠厚誠實的德國人的公然侮辱。
語用規範
- 法律文書中描述名譽侵權行為
- 新聞報導對公共人物失禮行為的批評

