Edgar Allen Poe《lenore》中的已逝少女，是愛倫坡已逝嬌妻維吉尼亞的化身，Edgar Allen Poe《The Raven》（烏鴉）中的已逝少女。寄託了他對妻子的懷戀，他的妻子於兩年後因為肺結核而離世。
< lenore>
Ah broken is the golden bowl！ the spirit flown forever！
Let the bell toll！——a saintly soul floats on the Stygian river；
And， Guy De Vere， hast thou no tear？——weep now or never more！
See！ on yon drear and rigid bier low lies thy love， Lenore！
Come！ let the burial rite be read——the funeral song be sung！——
An anthem for the queenliest dead that ever died so young——
A dirge for her the doubly dead in that she died so young.
"Wretches！ ye loved her for her wealth and hated her for her pride，
"And when she fell in feeble health， ye blessed her——that she died！
"How shall the ritual， then， be read？——the requiem how be sung
"By you——by yours， the evil eye，——by yours， the slanderous tongue
"That did to death the innocent that died， and died so young？"
Peccavimus； but rave not thus！ and let a Sabbath song
Go up to God so solemnly the dead may feel so wrong！
The sweet Lenore hath "gone before，" with Hope， that flew beside
Leaving thee wild for the dear child that should have been thy bride——
For her， the fair and debonair， that now so lowly lies，
The life upon her yellow hair but not within her eyes——
The life still there， upon her hair——the death upon her eyes.
"Avaunt！ to-night my heart is light. No dirge will I upraise，
"But waft the angel on her flight with a P？an of old days！
"Let no bell toll！——lest her sweet soul， amid its hallowed mirth，
"Should catch the note， as it doth float up from the damnéd Earth.
"To friends above， from fiends below， the indignant ghost is riven——
"From Hell unto a high estate far up within the Heaven——
"From grief and groan， to a golden throne， beside the King of Heaven."
蕾諾爾
埃德加 愛倫 坡
呵，金碗碎了！——靈魂將永遠飄蕩！
讓喪鐘敲響吧！——一縷芳魂飄在冥河之上：——
你難道無淚？趁現在流吧——我說蓋伊德維爾！
看！在陰森僵硬的屍架上躺著你心愛的麗諾爾！
來吧！讓祈禱文被讀——來吧！讓安魂曲被唱！——
一曲讚歌為這女王般的死者，她死得這般年輕——
一曲輓歌為這雙重的死者，她死得這般年輕。
“卑鄙的人喲！你們愛她為財富，恨她為其驕傲；
當她病入膏肓，你們為她祝福——結果她玉隕香消：——
那這篇祈禱文怎能被讀——這首安魂曲怎能被唱
被你——被你們，被你們誹謗的舌頭——邪惡的眼睛
正是它們害死這天真少女，她死得這么年輕？”
要我們懺悔：——別痴人說夢！但讓安息日頌歌
莊嚴肅穆地飄向上帝，好讓死者感到安樂！
漂亮的麗諾爾已經去了，帶著化為泡影的希望，
留下你發瘋，為這可愛的少女，她本該是你的新娘——
為這美麗溫柔的姑娘，她現在躺在那裡不再驕傲，
生命仍蕩漾於她那頭金髮，可不在她眼中閃耀——
生命仍蕩漾於她那頭金髮，可死亡把眼睛籠罩。
“走開吧！走開！那憤怒的靈魂已離開仇敵去尋友——
已離開地獄去高高的天國，去最高的盡頭——
離開呻吟嗚咽去到上帝身邊一個黃金的寶座：——
所以別敲喪鐘，讓她的靈魂享受神聖的歡樂，
別讓那鐘聲從這該咒詛的塵世飄進她的耳朵！
至於我——今宵我心兒輕鬆：——輓歌我仍要唱，
但我的歌只會使那天使伴著昔日的一首讚歌飛盪！”
譯者：曹明倫
<the raven>
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary.
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore.
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
"'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door--
Only this, and nothing more."
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow; -vainly I had sought to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow(1)-sorrow for the lost Lenore-
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-
Nameless here for evermore
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me-filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating
" ' Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-
Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;-
This it is, and nothing more. "
Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
"Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;
But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,
And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,
That I scarce was sure I heard you"--here I opened wide the door;-
Darkness there, and nothing more.
Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;
But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,
And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!"
This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, " Lenore! " -
Merely this, and nothing more.
Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,
Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.
"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice;
Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-
Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;-
'Tis the wind, and nothing more! "
Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter.
In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore;
Not the least obeisance made he; not an instant stopped or stayed he;
But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door-
Perched upon a bust of Pallas(2) just above my chamber door-
Perched, and sat, and nothing more.
Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,
By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore.
"Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven,
Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore-
Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night ' s Plutonian shore!(3) "
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
Much I marveled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,
Though its answer little meaning-little relevancy bore;
For we cannot help agreeing that no sublunary being (4)
Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door-
Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above I us chamber door,
With such mime as "Nevermore. "
But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only
That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour.
Nothing further then he uttered- not a feather then he fluttered-
Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before-
On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before. "
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
Wondering at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store(5),"
Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster
Followed fast and followed fastel-so, when Hope he would adjure,
Stern Despair returned, instead of the sweet Hope he dared adjure-
That sad answer, "Nevermore!"
But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling,
Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust, and
door;
Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking
Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-
What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore
Meant in croaking "Nevermore. "
This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing
To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;
This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining
On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er,
But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er,
She shall press, ah, nevermore!
Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer
Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor.
"Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee-by these angels he hath sent
thee
Respite-respite and Nepenthe(6) from thy memories of Lenore!
Let me quaff this kind Nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil! -
Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,
Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted-
On this home by Horror haunted-tell me truly, I implore-
Is there-is there balm in Gilead?(7)-tell me-tell me, I implore!"
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! -prophet still, if bird or devil!
By that Heaven that bends above us-by that God we both adore-
Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn (8),
It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore-
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore.
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
"Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked,
upstarting-
"Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's plutonian shore!
Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!
Leave my loneliness unbroken! -quit the bust above my door!
Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door! "
Quoth the raven, "Nevermore. "
And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o' er him streaming throve his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out chat shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted-nevermore!
注釋：
（1） I had tried to borrow from my books surcease of sorrow: 我竭力讀
書，想以此
排遣心中的哀傷。Surcease是古體，意思是終止阻止
（2） a bust of Pallas:
帕拉斯女神的胸像，帕拉斯就是希臘神話中的雅典娜(Athena)。
（3） the Night's Plutonian shore:
黑夜中的的冥界的冥界海岸
（4）subalunary being 地球上的人們。Subalunary意思是月球之下的，地球之上
的。
有的版本改為 living human being。
(5) stock and store:
庫存物品。此處指烏鴉模仿的人語
（6）Nepenthe
希臘神話中的忘憂藥。後泛指一切是人忘記憂愁的東西。
（7） Is there balm in Gilead?
這裡譏諷的引用了聖經中的一句：Is there no balm in Gilead; is therd no
physician there? 難道基列沒有止痛藥？難道那裡沒有醫生嗎？（基列是死海邊的一
片山區，
生長著許多藥用植物）
（8）Aidenn 這是坡虛擬的一個地名，暗指伊甸園（Eden）
————————————————
烏鴉
從前一個陰鬱的子夜，我獨自沉思，慵懶疲竭，
沉思許多古怪而離奇、早已被人遺忘的傳聞——
當我開始打盹，幾乎入睡，突然傳來一陣輕擂，
仿佛有人在輕輕叩擊，輕輕叩擊我的房門。
“有人來了，”我輕聲嘟喃，“正在叩擊我的房門——
唯此而已，別無他般。”
喔，我清楚地記得那是在蕭瑟的十二月；
每一團奄奄一息的餘燼都形成陰影伏在地板。
我當時真盼望翌日；——因為我已經枉費心機
想用書來消除悲哀——消除因失去麗諾爾的悲嘆——
因那被天使叫作麗諾爾的少女，她美麗嬌艷——
在這兒卻默默無聞，直至永遠。
那柔軟、暗淡、颯颯飄動的每一塊紫色窗布
使我心中充滿前所未有的恐怖——我毛骨驚然；
為平息我心兒停跳．我站起身反覆叨念
“這是有人想進屋，在叩我的房門——。
更深夜半有人想進屋，在叩我的房門；——
唯此而已，別無他般。”
很快我的心變得堅強；不再猶疑，不再彷徨，
“先生，”我說，“或夫人，我求你多多包涵；
剛才我正睡意昏昏，而你來敲門又那么輕，
你來敲門又那么輕，輕輕叩擊我的房門，
我差點以為沒聽見你”——說著我拉開門扇；——
唯有黑夜，別無他般。
凝視著夜色幽幽，我站在門邊驚懼良久，
疑惑中似乎夢見從前沒人敢夢見的夢幻；
可那未被打破的寂靜，沒顯示任何跡象。
“麗諾爾？”便是我囁嚅念叨的唯一字眼，
我念叨“麗諾爾！”，回聲把這名字輕輕送還，
唯此而已，別無他般。
我轉身回到房中，我的整個心燒灼般疼痛，
很快我又聽到叩擊聲，比剛才聽起來明顯。
“肯定，”我說，“肯定有什麼在我的窗欞；
讓我瞧瞧是什麼在那裡，去把那秘密發現——
讓我的心先鎮靜一會兒，去把那秘密發現；——
那不過是風，別無他般！”
我猛然推開窗戶，。心兒撲撲直跳就像打鼓，
一隻神聖往昔的健壯烏鴉慢慢走進我房間；
它既沒向我致意問候；也沒有片刻的停留；
而以紳士淑女的風度，棲在我房門的上面——
棲在我房門上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面——
棲坐在那兒，僅如此這般。
於是這隻黑鳥把我悲傷的幻覺哄騙成微笑，
以它那老成持重一本正經溫文爾雅的容顏，
“雖然冠毛被剪除，”我說，“但你肯定不是懦夫，
你這幽靈般可怕的古鴉，漂泊來自夜的彼岸——
請告訴我你尊姓大名，在黑沉沉的冥府陰間！”
烏鴉答日“永不複述。”
聽見如此直率的回答，我驚嘆這醜陋的烏鴉，
雖說它的回答不著邊際——與提問幾乎無關；
因為我們不得不承認，從來沒有活著的世人
曾如此有幸地看見一隻鳥栖在他房門的面——
鳥或獸棲在他房間門上方的半身雕像上面，
有這種名字“水不復還。”
但那隻獨棲於肅穆的半身雕像上的烏鴉只說了
這一句話，仿佛它傾瀉靈魂就用那一個字眼。
然後它便一聲不吭——也不把它的羽毛拍動——
直到我幾乎是哺哺自語“其他朋友早已消散——
明晨它也將離我而去——如同我的希望已消散。”
這時那鳥說“永不復還。”
驚異於那死寂漠漠被如此恰當的回話打破，
“肯定，”我說，“這句話是它唯一的本錢，
從它不幸動主人那兒學未。一連串無情飛災
曾接踵而至，直到它主人的歌中有了這字眼——
直到他希望的輓歌中有了這個憂傷的字眼
‘永不復還，永不復還。’”
但那隻烏鴉仍然把我悲傷的幻覺哄騙成微笑，
我即刻拖了張軟椅到門旁雕像下那隻鳥跟前；
然後坐在天鵝絨椅墊上，我開始冥思苦想，
浮想連著浮想，猜度這不祥的古鳥何出此言——
這隻猙獰醜陋可怕不吉不祥的古鳥何出此言，
為何聒噪‘永不復還。”
我坐著猜想那意見但沒對那鳥說片語只言。
此時，它炯炯發光的眼睛已燃燒進我的心坎；
我依然坐在那兒猜度，把我的頭靠得很舒服，
舒舒服服地靠在那被燈光凝視的天鵝絨襯墊，
但被燈光愛慕地凝視著的紫色的天鵝絨襯墊，
她將顯出，啊，永不復還！
接著我想，空氣變得稠密，被無形香爐薰香，
提香爐的撒拉弗的腳步聲響在有簇飾的地板。
“可憐的人，”我呼叫，“是上帝派天使為你送藥，
這忘憂藥能中止你對失去的麗諾爾的思念；
喝吧如吧，忘掉對失去的麗諾爾的思念！”
烏鴉說“永不復還。”
“先知！”我說“凶兆！——仍是先知，不管是鳥還是魔！
是不是魔鬼送你，或是暴風雨拋你來到此岸，
孤獨但毫不氣餒，在這片妖惑鬼崇的荒原——
在這恐怖縈繞之家——告訴我真話，求你可憐——
基列有香膏嗎？——告訴我——告訴我，求你可憐！”
烏鴉說“永不復還。”
“先知！”我說，“凶兆！——仍是先知、不管是鳥是魔！
憑我們頭頂的蒼天起誓——憑我們都崇拜的上帝起誓——
告訴這充滿悲傷的靈魂。它能否在遙遠的仙境
擁抱被天使叫作麗諾爾的少女，她纖塵不染——
擁抱被天使叫作麗諾爾的少女，她美麗嬌艷。”
烏鴉說“永不復還。”
“讓這話做我們的道別之辭，鳥或魔！”我突然叫道——
“回你的暴風雨中去吧，回你黑沉沉的冥府陰間！
別留下黑色羽毛作為你的靈魂謊言的象徵！
留給我完整的孤獨！——快從我門上的雕像滾蛋！
從我心中帶走你的嘴；從我房門帶走你的外觀！”
烏鴉說“永不復還。”
那烏鴉並沒飛去，它仍然棲息，仍然棲息
在房門上方那蒼白的帕拉斯半身雕像上面；
而它的眼光與正在做夢的魔鬼眼光一模一樣，
照在它身上的燈光把它的陰影投射在地板；
而我的靈魂，會從那團在地板上漂浮的陰暗
被擢升么——永不復還！
