系統分析與設計基礎（第4版）

《系統分析與設計基礎（第4版）》是2009年清華大學出版社出版的圖書，作者是（美）維拉奇、 喬治、霍夫。

基本介紹

• 書名：系統分析與設計基礎（第4版）
• 作者：（美）維拉奇、 喬治、霍夫 
• 譯者：施平安 
• ISBN：9787302210924
• 頁數：422
• 定價：49.80
• 出版社：清華大學出版社
• 出版時間：2009-11-1
• 裝幀：平裝
• 開本：16開

編輯推薦

工作節奏日益加快，越來越多的系統分析員被要求迅速設計並部署系統，學習如何管理系統開發生命期便成為他們最迫切的願望。《國外經典教材·計算機科學與技術：系統分析與設計基礎（第4版）》全面概述了這一期間的4個步驟：規劃與選擇、分析、設計、實現與運行。
《國外經典教材·計算機科學與技術：系統分析與設計基礎（第4版）》針對來自不同行業的三個公司（松谷家具公司、Hossier Burger快餐店和百老匯娛樂公司），提供了相應的案例。通過將系統分析與設計概念套用於具體案例，讀者可進一步理解和掌握所學知識。

內容簡介

《國外經典教材·計算機科學與技術：系統分析與設計基礎（第4版）》遵照系統開發生命期（SDLC）的邏輯順序，詳細而清晰地介紹了系統分析與設計的概念、原理、技能和方法。全書有10章和兩個附錄，先後介紹了系統開發環境、信息項目管理、系統規劃和選擇、系統需求確定、系統需求結構化（過程建模和概念數據建模）、選擇最佳設計策略、人機界面設計、資料庫設計、系統實現和運行、面向對象分析設計、快速套用開發等。
《國外經典教材·計算機科學與技術：系統分析與設計基礎（第4版）》可作為系統分析與設計課程的入門教材，供計算機和信息專業本科生使用，也可供IS從業人員參考。

作者簡介

Joseph S.Valacich博士，美國信息系統領域的權威人士，普爾曼市華盛頓州州立大學經貿學院教授，曾負責策劃IS’97、IS 2002和MSIS 2000。擔任過程式設計師、系統分析員和技術產品經理，並為國際知名企業執行培訓和行政發展計畫。Valacich博士在信息系統類刊物上發表過大量論文。他參與編寫了經典教材《現代系統分析與設計》。

目錄

第Ⅰ部分 系統開發基礎

第1章 系統開發環境

第2章 軟體來源

第3章 信息系統項目的管理

第Ⅱ部分 系統規劃和選擇

第4章 系統規劃和選擇

第Ⅲ部分 系統分析

第5章 確定系統需求

第6章 系統需求結構化：過程建模

第7章 系統需求結構化：概念數據建模

第Ⅳ部分 系統設計

第8章 設計人機界面

第9章 資料庫設計

第Ⅴ部分 系統實現與運行

第10章 系統實現與運行

附 錄

附錄A 面向對象分析與設計

附錄B 敏捷方法

縮略語表

術語表

PART I FOUNDATIONS FOR SySTEMS DEyELOPMENT 2

Chaoter 1 The Systems Develooment Environment 2

pier 1 The Syst6ms Development Environment 2

What is information Systems Analysis and Design? 4

ystems Analysis and Design? 4

qxTStems AnallTRis and Design: Core Concepts 4

ovstems Analysis and Design: Core Concepts 4

:items Analysis and Design: Core Concepts 4

qxTStems 6

systems 6

ystems 6

Definition of a System and its Pats 6

Important System Concepts 7

A Modern APproach to Systems Analysis and Design 10

YOur Role in Systems Development 11

bees of information Systems and Systems Development 12

Jpes of information Systems and Systems Development 12

m

fransaction Processing Systems 13

Management information Systems 13

Decision Support Systems 14

Information Systems: An Ovetwew 14

Developing information Systems and the Systems

Development Life Cycle 15

Phase 1: Systems Planning and Selection 17

J items Planning and Selection 17

Phase 2: Systems Analysis 17

Phase 3: Systems Design 18

Phase 4: SVstems ImDlementation and ODeration 18

totems Implementation and Operation 18

APproaches to Development 20

Prototyping 21

yping 21

Computer-Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) TOols 21

Joint APplication Design 22

Rapid APplication Development 22

Paticipatory Design 23

Agile Methodologies 24

Key POintS Review 24

y POintS Review 24

Key Terms ChechDoint 25

y rerms Checkpoint 25

Review Questions 26

Problems and Exercises 27

Discussion Questions 27

Case Problems 27

Chapter 2 The Sources ot Sohaare 30

pier 2 The Sources of Sohaare 30

Introduction 31

al,

systems Acquisition 32

Outsourcing 32

q r Q fflxTovo ac

sources of Software 33

Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software 37

...

Reuse 41 ill

.

IV ContentS

KeY Points Review 44

y Points Review 44

Key Terms CheckDOint 44

y rerms Checkpoint 44

Review Questions 45

Problems and Exercises 45

Field Exercises 45

Chapter 3 Managing the information Systems Protect 46

@Pine Valley Thmiture Company Background 48

Managing the information Systems Project 49

Initiating the Project 53

Planning the Project 57

Executing the Project 64

Closing Down the Project 67

Representing and Scheduling Project Plans 68

Representing Project Plans 70

Calculating Expected acme Durations Using PERT 70

M 'j Constructing a Gantt Chat and Network Diagram at

,

h:.

aam 1 'J.. - -.. )

t:::;:~-~/ Pine Valley Thmiture 71

'

J rlirniture 71

Using Project Management Software 74

Establishing a Project Stating Date 75

Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships 75

q feeting o q h luting Method to Review

selecting a Scheduling Method to Review

Project Reports 76

Key Points Review 77

y Points Review 77

Key Terms ChecKpoint 78

y rerms Checkpoint 78

Review Questions 79

...

Problems and Exercises 79

Discussion Questions 81

Case Problems 82

W

ContentS v

Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns 108

Building the Baseline Project Plan 109

g the Baseline Project Plan 109

Poldolltind ah P

r: reviewing the Baseline Project Plan 115

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) Pc WhhqrOVO' q1TOromO PIOviviirirt Ovid QOlonfirivi 1 1 R

::,t;;;:;;;; / PVF WebStore: SyStems Planning and Selection 118

: ..:::.--~/ PVF WebStore: SyStems Planning and Selection 118

Internet Basics 118

Pine Valley Furniture WebStore 120

Key Points Review 1 23

y Points Review 123

Key Terms CheckDOint 124

y rerms Checkpoint 124

Review Questions 125

Problems and Exercises 126

Discussion Questions 127

Case Problems 127

- ta'M=tearZ:;ce,

d U a Web-Based Customer

.

Relationship Management System 1 29

PART III SySTEMS ANA[YSIS 134

Chapter 5 Determining System RequirementS 134

Performing Requiremellts Determination 136

ml n, o n

she Process of Determining Requiremellts 136

Deliverables and Outcomes 137

Requirements Structuring 138

wodifional Methods for Determining P. *s 138

IYaditional Methods for Determining Requirements 138

Intetwewing and Listening 138

Directly Obsetheg Users 143

Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents 144

Modern Methods for Determining System

Requirements 147

Joint APplication Design 148

Using Prototyping During Requirements

Determination 151

Radical Methods for Determining System Reqlliremellts 152

Identbog Processes to Reengineer 153

Jmg Processes to Reengineer 153

r: DisruDtive Technologies 154

% i ~'CZM,:.. Requirements 155

::,t;;;:;;;; / PVF WebStore: Determining System Requirements 155

: ..:::.--~/ g System Requirements 155

qtTStem Layout and Navigation Characteristics 155

system Layout and Navigation Characteristics 155

WebStore and Site Management System Capabilities 156

Customer and inventory information 157

qxTStem Prototim evolution 157

ovstem Protoboe Evolution 157

J item Prototype Evolution 157

KeY Points Review 158

y Points Review 158

Key Terms Checkooint 159

y rerms Checkpoint 159

Review Questions 160

.

Problems and Exercises 160

Discussion Questions 160

.

yi COntentS

..

Case Problems 161

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Determininq,.a j=:7::[MD?sx6Sed

d Requirements for the Web-Based

Customer Relationship Management System 162

Chapter 6 Structuring System Requirements: Process Modeling 166

Process Modeling 168

Modeling a System's Process 168

Deliverables and Olltcomes 168

Data-Flow Diagramming Mechanics 169

Definitions and Symbols 170

Developing DFDs: An Ex~le 172

DatwFlow Diagramming Rules 175

Decomposition of DFDs 176

Balancing DFDs 178

Using Data-Flow Diagr~ming in the Analysis Process 180

Guidelines for Drawing DFDs 180

Using DFDs as Analysis TOols 182

Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering 183

Logic Modeling 185

Modeling LoZic with Decision Tables 186

r IAodeling Logic with Decision Tables 186

o Logic with Decision Tables 186

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t

.:::.,if;f:t;;t ) PVF WebStore: Process Modeling 189

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Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore 189

Key Points Review 191

y Points Review 191

Key Terms CnecKDoint 1 92

y rerms Checkpoint 192

Review Questions 193

...

Problems and Exercises 193

Discussion Questions 198

Case Problems 198

.

-Case f Broadway Ent6rtoinment Company, Inc.

Process Modelina for the Web-Based Customer

u ror the Web-Based Customer

..

Relationship Management System 200

Chapter 7 Structoring System RequirementS: ConceptUal Dato

Medelina 204

9 204

Conceptllal Data Modeling 206

The Process of Conceptual Data Modeling 207

Deliverables and Outcomes 207

Gathering information for Conceptual Data Modeling 211

Introduction to Entity-RelationshiP Modeling 213

Entities 213

Attributes 215

Candidate Keys and ldefltifiers 215

Multivalued Attributes 216

Relationships 217

Contents Vii

Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model 217

Degree of a RelationshiP 218

Cardinalities in Relationships 219

1 M: An~,7,"" Data Modeling at

c.r;. HoosierBurger 222

% 1 ~ .,,,ore=.zzz.,.. DataModeling 225

::.,t;;;:;;;; ) PVF WebStore: Conceptual Data Modeling 225

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Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's

WebStore 225

q I rind the Best Alternative Designs aam

selecting the Best Alternative Design Strategy 229

The Process of Selecting the Best Alternative

Design Strategy 229

Generating Alternative Design Strategies 230

n.

1 M: De;eM Burier's

y Uontrol System 232

q lectinQ the Most LikellT Aft

oelecting the Most Likely Alternative 234

Key Points Review 236

y Points Review 236

Key Terms Checkpoint 237

y rerms Checkpoint 237

Review Questions 238

..'

Problems and Exercises 238

Discussion Questions 241

Case Problems 241

-Case f Broadway Entertainment Company, Inc.

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Lonceptual Data Modeling for the Web-Based

pinal Data Modeling for the Web-Based

Customer Relationship Management System 245

p Management System 245

PART IV SySTEMS DESIGN 248

Chapter & Designing the Human Inteboce 248

pier & Designing the Human Inteboce 248

Designing Forms and Reports 250

The Process of Designing Forms and Reports 250

Deliverables and Outcomes 253

Formatting Forms and Reports 254

Designing interfaces and Dialogues 262

The Process of Designing interfaces and Dialogues 262

Deliverables and Outcomes 262

Designing interfaces 263

nesigning Dialogues 273

r: IJesiqninq Dialogues 273

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) Pc WPhstrirp. nPRianinq thp 1lllman intpfforP ?77

::,t;;;:;;;; ) PVF WebStore: Designing the Human interface 277

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General Guidelines for Designing Web interfaces 277

General Guidelines for Web Layouts 278

Designing the Human interface at Pine Valley ~itllre 279

Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie C~bs 280

Lightweight Graphics 280

Forms and Data integrity 281

m 1, aam 3 IJmx AT co 1 f

Yemplate-BaSed HTML 281 ti'

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...

vill COntentS

Key Points Review 281

y Points Review 281

Key Terms Checkpoint 282

y rerms Checkpoint 282

Review Questions 283

...

Problems and Exercises 283

Discussion Questions 284

Case Problems 284

W C,Se=,,,e:T.='=t?nfom.,

Ueslaninq the;xu='= t?ntom.,

uning the Human interface for the Customer

..

Relationship Management System 286

p Management System 286

Chapter 9 Designing Datobases 290

Database Design 292

The Process of Database Design 292

Deliverables and Outcomes 294

Relstional Database Model 297

Well-Stfuctllred Relations 298

Normalization 299

Rules of Normalization 299

Auctional Dependence and Primacy Keys 300

R I Normal Form 300

second Normal Form 300

Third NOrmal FOrm 301

lhird Normal Form 301

Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations 302

Represellt Entities 303

Represent Relationships 304

q.,mrnorir of Transforming E-R Diagr~s to

Durnmny of Transforming E-R Diagr~s to

Relations 306

Merging Relations 307

An Ex~le of Merging Relations 307

View llltegration Problems 308

Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 309

Physical ale and Database Design 311

Designing fields 312

Choosing Data bees 312

Controlling Data hitegrity 314

Designing Physical Tables 315

~ging Table Rows 317

Designing Controls for Flies 321

de oh'rsical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 323

ac PhxTSical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 323

ed: Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 323

po: = Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger 323

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J J,

ac EVe' WeDbtore: ueSlgnmg uaraoaSes o6o

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t

.::.:,:.,if;fft;;t ) n.. n' I c fi T7a,l Furniture's

: .:::--~' Designing DatabaSes for Pine Valley Furniture's

WebStore 325

Key Points Review 327

y Points Review 327

Key Terms ChecKDoint 329

y rerms Checkpoint 329

Review Questions 330

.

Problems and Exercises 331

Discussion Questions 332

ContentS ix

Case Problems 333

-Case: Broadway Ent6rtoinment Company, Inc.

Designing the Relational Database for the

Customer Relationship Management System 334

PART V SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION 336

Chapter 10 SyStems Implementohon and Operation 336

qxTRtoms Imnl *of i l'

ovstems ImDlementation and ODeration 338

J items Implementation and Operation 338

Tab Pace r C liar Tabs

l'he Processes of Coding, Testing, and installation 339

Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and

Installation 339

The Processes of Documellting the System, Training Users,

aam I R,lnvi

and Supporting Users 340

pporting Users 340

Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System,

Training Users, and Supporting Users 340

Th Pvriness of Mailltaininq Tabs fi

the Process of Mailltaining information Systems 341

Deliverables and Outcomes from Maintaining

Information Systems 342

q e'xTare Anrili

ooftware APplication Testing 343

q riirorent aams of Tests 343

seven Different bees of Tests 343

The Testing Process 345

Acceptance Testing by Users 347

Installation 348

Planning installation 348

Documenting the System 351

User Documelltation 352

Preparing User Documentation 354

Training and Supporting Users 354

Training information System Users 354

q.,vinortinq Tab

supporting information System Users 356

q.,rinort Issues for the AnallTRf tri Consider 358

support Issues for the Analyst to Consider 358

Why ImDlementation Sometimes Fails 359

y Implementation Sometimes Fails 359

Project Closedown 360

Conducting Systems Mailltenance 361

vim r A'oivifoviri

laaes of Maintenance 361

apes of Maintenance 361

Th

l'he Cost of Maintenance 362

Measuring Mailltenance Effectiveness 363

Controlling Maintenance Requests 364

Configufation Management 365

Role of Automated Development Tools in

Maintenance 366

TIT, q:. - x.

'XT L q:+ A4..

@ 'Mg~.Z.....van..~ 367

c, 4; 9

% \ PVF WebStore: Systems Implementation and Operation 369

m:.:,:.,t;;;f;;;; /

: ':::--~' Systems Implementation and ODeration for Pine Valley

ystems Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley

Furniture's WebStore 369

X ContentS

Key Points Review 371

y Points Review 371

Key Terms Checlpoint 373

y rerms Checkpoint 373

Review Questions 374

.. I

Problems and Exercises 375

Discussion Questions 375

.

Case Problems 376

.

We 5:::MZneant,7o?1:;te inc

Ueslanina a .:neont'7o?1:;= Inc

uning a resting Plan for the Customer

..

Relationship Manaqement System 377

p Management System 377

Appendix A Obiect-Oriented Analysis and Design 380

ppendix A Obiect-Oriented Analysis and Design 380

The Object-Oriented Modeling APproach 380

Use-Case Modeling 381

Object Modeling: Class Diagrams 384

Represellting Associations 385

Represellting Generalization 387

Representing Aggregation 389

Dynamic Modeling: State Diagrams 390

Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams 391

Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram 393

Moving to Design 394

Key POints Review 395

y POints Review 395

KeV Terms Checkpoint 396

y rerms Checkpoint 396

Review Questions 397

.. I

Problems and Exercises 397

Appendix B Agile MethodolOgies 399

The Trend to Agile Methodologies 399

Agile Methodologies 400

1 1

eXtreme Programming 402

The Heat of the Systems Developmellt Process 403

Requiremellts Determination 404

Design SPecifications 407

Implemelltation 409

Key POints Review 409

y POints Review 409

Key Terms Checkpoint 410

y rerms Checkpoint 410

Review Questions 410

...

Problems and Exercises 410

References 411

Glossary of Acronyms 416

Glossary of Terms 418

y of Terms 418

Index 423

PhotO Credits 433