東歐世界文化遺產

列表

Site	Location	Criteria	Area ha (acre)	Year	Description
Ancient City of Nessebar	Nesebar,Burgas Province,Bulgaria 42°39′22″N27°43′48″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	27 (67); buffer zone 1,246 (3,080)	1983
Ancient City ofTauric Chersoneseand its Chora	Crimea,Ukraine 44°36′39″N33°29′29″E	Cultural: (ii), (v)	259 (640); buffer zone 3,041 (7,510)	2013
Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad	Sergiyev Posad,Moscow Oblast,Russia 56°18′37″N38°7′52″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	—	1993	This is a fine example of a working Orthodox monastery, with military features that are typical of the 15th to the 18th century, the period during which it developed. The main church of the Lavra, the Cathedral of the Assumption (echoing the Kremlin Cathedral of the same name), contains the tomb of Boris Godunov. Among the treasures of the Lavra is the famous icon, The Trinity, by Andrei Rublev.
Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh	Nesvizh,Minsk Region,Belarus 53°13′22″N26°41′29″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi)	—	2005
Auschwitz Birkenau, German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)	Oświęcim County,Lesser Poland,Poland 50°4′0″N19°21′0″E	Cultural: (vi)	—	1979	Auschwitz was a network of Naziconcentrationandextermination campsbuilt and operated by theThird ReichinPolish areas annexed by Nazi GermanyduringWorld War II. It was the largest of the German concentration camps, consisting of Auschwitz I (theStammlageror base camp); Auschwitz II–Birkenau (theVernichtungslagerorextermination camp);Auschwitz III–Monowitz, also known as Buna–Monowitz (a labor camp); and 45 satellite camps.
Bardejov	Bardejov,Bardejov District,Prešov Region,Slovakia 49°17′36″N21°16′45″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	—	2000
Belovezhskaya Pushcha / Białowieża Forest	Grodno Region,Belarus* andPodlaskie Voivodeship,Poland* 52°30′N23°35′E	Natural: (vii)	92,669 (228,990)	1979
Boyana Church	Boyana,Sofia,Bulgaria 42°39′0″N23°16′0″E	Cultural: (ii), (iii)	0.68 (1.7); buffer zone 14 (35)	1979
Budapest, including the Banks of theDanube, theBuda CastleQuarter andAndrássy Avenue	Budapest,Hungary 47°28′57″N19°4′14″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	473 (1,170); buffer zone 494 (1,220)	1987
Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork	Malbork,Pomeranian Voivodeship,Poland 54°2′30″N19°2′0″E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)	18 (44)	1997	The Castle in Malbork was built in Prussia by theTeutonic Knights, aGermanRomanCatholic religious orderofcrusaders, in a form of anOrdensburgfortress. The Order named itMarienburg(Mary's Castle). The town which grew around it was also named Marienburg. Thecastleis a classic example of a medievalfortress, and on its completion in 1406 was the world's largestbrick Gothiccastle.
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst	RožňavaandSpišská Nová Ves Districts,Košice RegionSlovakia* andNorthern Hungary,Hungary* 48°28′33″N20°29′13″E	Natural: (vii)	56,651 (139,990); buffer zone 86,797 (214,480)	1995
Centennial HallinWrocław	Wrocław,Lower Silesian Voivodeship,Poland 51°6′25″N17°4′37″E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv)	37 (91); buffer zone 190 (470)	2006
Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoye	Kolomenskoye,Moscow,Russia 55°39′20″N37°40′26″E	Cultural: (ii)	—	1994	The Church of the Ascension was built in 1532 on the imperial estate of Kolomenskoye, near Moscow, to celebrate the birth of the prince who was to become Tsar Ivan IV ('the Terrible'). One of the earliest examples of a traditional wooden tent-roofed church on a stone and brick substructure, it had a great influence on the development of Russian ecclesiastical architecture.
Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent	Derbent,Dagestan,Russia 42°3′11″N48°17′50″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	9.70 (24.0); buffer zone 2.00 (4.9)	2003	The Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent were part of the northern lines of the Sasanian Persian Empire, which extended east and west of the Caspian Sea. The fortification was built in stone. It consisted of two parallel walls that formed a barrier from the seashore up to the mountain. The town of Derbent was built between these two walls, and has retained part of its medieval fabric. The site continued to be of great strategic importance until the 19th century.
Churches of Moldavia	Suceava County(Moldavia),Romania 47°46′42″N25°42′46″E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	—	1993
Churches of PeaceinJaworandŚwidnica	Jawor and Świdnica,Lower Silesian Voivodeship,Poland 51°3′15″N16°11′45″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv), (vi)	0.23 (0.57); buffer zone 12 (30)	2001	The Churches of Peace inJaworandŚwidnicainSilesiawere named after thePeace of Westphaliaof 1648 which permitted theLutheransin the Roman Catholic parts ofSilesiato build threeEvangelicalchurches from wood, loam and straw outside the city walls, without steeples and church bells. The construction time was limited to one year.
Cracow's Historic Centre	Kraków,Lesser Poland,Poland 50°4′0″N19°57′35″E	Cultural: (iv)	150 (370); buffer zone 1,057 (2,610)	1978	Kraków Old Town is the historic central district ofKraków,Poland. It is one of the most famous old districts in Poland today and was the center of Poland's political life from 1038 until KingSigismund III Vasarelocated his court toWarsawin 1596. The entire medieval old town is among the first sites chosen for the UNESCO's World Heritage List, inscribed as Cracow's Historic Centre.
Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the Solovetsky Islands	Arkhangelsk Oblast,Russia 65°5′0″N35°40′0″E	Cultural: (iv)	28,834 (71,250)	1992	The Solovetsky archipelago comprises six islands in the western part of the White Sea, covering 300 km2. They have been inhabited since the 5th century B.C. and important traces of a human presence from as far back as the 5th millennium B.C. can be found there. The archipelago has been the site of fervent monastic activity since the 15th century, and there are several churches dating from the 16th to the 19th century.
Curonian Spit	NeringaandKlaipėda district,Klaipėda County,Lithuania* andZelenogradsky District,Kaliningrad Oblast,Russia* 55°16′28″N20°57′45″E	Cultural: (v)	—	2000	Human habitation of this elongated sand dune peninsula, 98 km long and 0.4-4 km wide, dates back to prehistoric times. Throughout this period it has been threatened by the natural forces of wind and waves. Its survival to the present day has been made possible only as a result of ceaseless human efforts to combat the erosion of the Spit, dramatically illustrated by continuing stabilisation and reforestation projects.
Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains	HunedoaraandAlbaCounties (Transylvania),Romania 45°37′23″N23°18′43″E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)	—	1999	Sarmizegetusa Regia was the capital and the most important military, religious and political centre of the Dacians. Erected on top of a 1,200 metre high mountain, the fortress was the core of the strategic defensive system in the Orăştie Mountains (in present-day Romania), comprising six citadels. Sarmizegetusa Regia was the capital of Dacia prior to the wars with the Roman Empire.
Danube Delta	Tulcea County(Dobruja),Romania 45°5′N29°30′E	Natural: (vii), (x)		1999
Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)	Pécs,Baranya County,Hungary 46°4′28″N18°13′40″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	3.76 (9.3)	2000
Ensemble of the Ferapontov Monastery	Vologda Oblast,Russia 59°57′0″N38°34′0″E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	—	2000	The Ferapontov Monastery, in the Vologda region in northern Russia, is an exceptionally well-preserved and complete example of a Russian Orthodox monastic complex of the 15th-17th centuries, a period of great significance in the development of the unified Russian state and its culture. The architecture of the monastery is outstanding in its inventiveness and purity. The interior is graced by the magnificent wall paintings of Dionisy, the greatest Russian artist of the end of the 15th century.
Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent	Moscow,Russia 55°43′34″N37°33′18″E	Cultural: (i), (iv), (vi)	5.18 (12.8); buffer zone 47 (120)	2004	The Novodevichy Convent, in south-western Moscow, built in the 16th and 17th centuries in the so-called Moscow Baroque style, was part of a chain of monastic ensembles that were integrated into the defence system of the city. The convent was directly associated with the political, cultural and religious history of Russia, and closely linked to the Moscow Kremlin. It was used by women of the Tsar’s family and the aristocracy. Members of the Tsar’s family and entourage were also buried in its cemetery. The convent provides an example of the highest accomplishments of Russian architecture with rich interiors and an important collection of paintings and artefacts.
Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape	BurgenlandAustria* andGyőr-Moson-Sopron County,Hungary* 47°43′9″N16°43′22″E	Cultural: (v)	52 (130); buffer zone 40 (99)	2001
Gardens and Castle at Kroměříž	Kroměříž,Zlín Region,Czech Republic 49°18′0″N17°22′38″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	75 (190); buffer zone 441 (1,090)	1998
Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin	Kazan,Tatarstan,Russia 55°47′28″N49°5′42″E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)	—	2000	Built on an ancient site, the Kazan Kremlin dates from the Muslim period of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate. It was conquered by Ivan the Terrible in 1552 and became the Christian See of the Volga Land. The only surviving Tatar fortress in Russia and an important place of pilgrimage, the Kazan Kremlin consists of an outstanding group of historic buildings dating from the 16th to 19th centuries, integrating remains of earlier structures of the 10th to 16th centuries.
Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments	Saint Petersburg,Russia 59°57′0″N30°19′6″E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv), (vi)	—	1990	The 'Venice of the North', with its numerous canals and more than 400 bridges, is the result of a vast urban project begun in 1703 under Peter the Great. Later known as Leningrad (in the former USSR), the city is closely associated with the October Revolution. Its architectural heritage reconciles the very different Baroque and pure neoclassical styles, as can be seen in the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, the Marble Palace and the Hermitage.
Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl	Yaroslavl,Yaroslavl Oblast,Russia 57°39′10″N39°52′34″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	—	2005	Situated at the confluence of the Volga and Kotorosl Rivers some 250 km north-east of Moscow, the historic city of Yaroslavl developed into a major commercial centre from the 11th century. It is renowned for its numerous 17th-century churches and is an outstanding example of the urban planning reform Empress Catherine the Great ordered for the whole of Russia in 1763. While keeping some of its significant historic structures, the town was renovated in the neoclassical style on a radial urban master plan. It has also kept elements from the 16th century in the Spassky Monastery, one of the oldest in the Upper Volga region, built on the site of a pagan temple in the late 12th century but reconstructed over time.
Historic Centre of Český Krumlov	Český Krumlov,South Bohemian Region,Czech Republic 48°49′0″N14°19′0″E	Cultural: (iv)	52 (130); buffer zone 1,073 (2,650)	1992
Historic Centre of Prague	Prague,Czech Republic 50°5′23″N14°25′10″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi)	866 (2,140); buffer zone 8,963 (22,150)	1992
Historic Centre of Sighişoara	Sighișoara,Mureș County(Transylvania),Romania 46°13′4″N24°47′32″E	Cultural: (iii), (v)	—	1999
Historic Centre of Telč	Telč,Vysočina Region,Czech Republic 49°34′49″N15°56′31″E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	36 (89); buffer zone 297 (730)	1992
Historic Centre of Warsaw	Warsaw,Masovian Voivodeship,Poland 52°15′59″N21°0′42″E	Cultural: (ii), (vi)	26 (64)	1980	Warsaw's Old Town was established in the 13th century. Initially surrounded by an earthwork rampart, prior to 1339 it was fortified with brickcity walls. The town originally grew up around the castle of theDukes of Mazoviathat later became theRoyal Castle. The Market Square (Rynek Starego Miasta) was laid out sometime in the late 13th or early 14th century, along the main road linking the castle with theNew Townto the north.
Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings	Novgorod,Novgorod Oblast,Russia 58°32′0″N31°17′0″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi)	—	1992	Situated on the ancient trade route between Central Asia and northern Europe, Novgorod was Russia's first capital in the 9th century. Surrounded by churches and monasteries, it was a centre for Orthodox spirituality as well as Russian architecture. Its medieval monuments and the 14th-century frescoes of Theophanes the Greek (Andrei Rublev's teacher) illustrate the development of its remarkable architecture and cultural creativity.
Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica and the Technical Monuments in its Vicinity	Banská ŠtiavnicaandBanská Štiavnica District,Banská Bystrica Region,Slovakia 48°27′40″N18°54′0″E	Cultural: (iv), (v)	20,632 (50,980); buffer zone 62,128 (153,520)	1993
Holašovice Historical Village Reservation	Holašovice,Jankov,South Bohemian Region,Czech Republic 48°57′35″N14°15′10″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	11 (27); buffer zone 368 (910)	1998
Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc	Olomouc,Olomouc Region,Czech Republic 49°35′55″N17°16′10″E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	0.02 (0.049)	2000
Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta	Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén,Heves,Hajdú-BiharandJász-Nagykun-SzolnokCounties,Hungary 47°35′40″N21°9′24″E	Cultural: (iv), (v)	—	1999
Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Třebíč	Třebíč,Vysočina Region,Czech Republic 49°13′2″N15°52′44″E	Cultural: (ii), (iii)	5.73 (14.2); buffer zone 143 (350)	2003
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska: theManneristArchitectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park	Kalwaria Zebrzydowska,Lesser Poland,Poland 49°52′0″N19°40′0″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	—	1999	The town is named after the religious complex (calvary) founded by Governor of KrakówMikołaj Zebrzydowskion December 1, 1602. The complex is known as theKalwaria Zebrzydowska park. The city of Zebrzydów was established in 1617 in order to house the growing number of pilgrims visiting the religious complex.
Kyiv:Saint-Sophia Cathedraland Related Monastic Buildings,Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra	Kyiv,Ukraine 50°27′9″N30°31′1″E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)	29 (72); buffer zone 220 (540)	1990	Saint Sophia Cathedral was a cathedral temple of Kyiv in 1037-1299. It is an outstanding architectural monument of Kyivan Rus'. The cathedral includes an ensemble of supporting structures such as a bell tower, the House of Metropolitan, and others. Kyiv Pechersk Lavra since its foundation as the cave monastery in 1051 has been a preeminent center of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Eastern Europe.
Kizhi Pogost	Medvezhyegorsky District,Republic of Karelia,Russia 62°4′17″N35°13′39″E	Cultural: (i), (iv), (v)	—	1990	The pogost of Kizhi (i.e. the Kizhi enclosure) is located on one of the many islands in Lake Onega, in Karelia. Two 18th-century wooden churches, and an octagonal clock tower, also in wood and built in 1862, can be seen there. These unusual constructions, in which carpenters created a bold visionary architecture, perpetuate an ancient model of parish space and are in harmony with the surrounding landscape.
KremlinandRed Square, Moscow	Moscow,Russia 55°44′45″N37°37′47″E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv), (vi)	—	1990	Inextricably linked to all the most important historical and political events in Russia since the 13th century, the Kremlin (built between the 14th and 17th centuries by outstanding Russian and foreign architects) was the residence of the Great Prince and also a religious centre. At the foot of its ramparts, on Red Square, St Basil's Basilica is one of the most beautiful Russian Orthodox monuments.
Kutná Hora: Historical Town Centre with theChurch of St Barbaraand theCathedral of Our Lady at Sedlec	Kutná Hora andKutná Hora District,Central Bohemian Region,Czech Republic 49°11′0″N15°27′0″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	62 (150); buffer zone 650 (1,600)	1995
Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape	Břeclav District,South Moravian Region,Czech Republic 48°46′33″N16°46′30″E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv)	14,320 (35,400)	1996
Levoča, Spišský Hrad and the Associated Cultural Monuments	PrešovandKošice Regions,Slovakia 48°59′58″N20°46′3″E	Cultural: (iv)	1,351 (3,340); buffer zone 12,581 (31,090)	1993
Litomyšl Castle	Litomyšl,Pardubice Region,Czech Republic 49°52′25″N16°18′52″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	—	1999
L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre	Lviv,Lviv Oblast,Ukraine 49°50′30″N24°1′55″E	Cultural: (ii), (v)	120 (300); buffer zone 2,441 (6,030)	1998
Madara Rider	Madara,Shumen Province,Bulgaria 43°18′0″N27°9′0″E	Cultural: (i), (iii)	1.20 (3.0); buffer zone 502 (1,240)	1979
Medieval Town of Toruń	Toruń,Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship,Poland 53°0′36″N18°37′10″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	48 (120); buffer zone 300 (740)	1997	Toruń has many monuments of architecture beginning from theMiddle Ages, including 200 military structures. The city is famous for having preserved almost intact its medieval spatial layout and many Gothic buildings, all built frombrick, including monumental churches, the Town Hall and many burgher houses. In 1236, due to frequent flooding, the city was relocated to the present site of the Old Town. In 1264 the nearby New Town was founded. In 1280, the city (or as it was then, both cities) joined the mercantileHanseatic League, and thus became an important medieval trade centre.
Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment	Pannonhalma,Győr-Moson-Sopron County,Hungary 47°33′32″N17°47′4″E	Cultural: (iv), (vi)	47 (120)	1996
Mir Castle Complex	Karelichy,Grodno Region,Belarus 53°27′4″N26°28′22″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	—	2000
Monastery of Horezu	Horezu,Vâlcea County(Wallachia),Romania 45°11′0″N24°1′0″E	Cultural: (ii)	22 (54); buffer zone 57 (140)	1993
Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski	Saxony,Germany* andLubusz Voivodeship,Poland* 51°34′46″N14°43′35″E	Cultural: (i), (iv)	348 (860); buffer zone 1,205 (2,980)	2004
Old City of Zamość	Zamość,Lublin Voivodeship,Poland 50°43′0″N23°16′0″E	Cultural: (iv)	75 (190); buffer zone 215 (530)	1992	Jan Zamoyskicommissioned the Italian architectBernardo Morandoto design the city that would be based on the anthropomorphic concept. The main distinguishing features of the Old Town have been well preserved since its establishment. It includes the regular Great Market Square of 100 x 100 meters with the splendid Townhall and so-called Armenian houses, as well as the fragments of the original fortress and fortifications, including those from the period of the Russian occupation in the 19th century
Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings	Nógrád County,Hungary 47°59′40″N19°31′45″E	Cultural: (v)	145 (360)	1987
Pilgrimage Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelená Hora	Žďár nad Sázavou,Vysočina Region,Czech Republic 49°34′49″N15°56′31″E	Cultural: (iv)	0.64 (1.6); buffer zone 628 (1,550)	1994
Pirin National Park	Pirin Mountains,Blagoevgrad Province,Bulgaria 41°40′0″N23°30′0″E	Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix)	38,350 (94,800); buffer zone 1,078 (2,660)	1983
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany	Mecklenburg-Vorpommern,Brandenburg,Thuringia,Hesse,Germany,Prešov Region,Slovakia andZakarpattia Oblast,Ukraine* 49°5′10″N22°32′10″E	Natural: (ix)	—	2007
Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans	Chernivtsi,Chernivtsi Oblast(Bukovina),Ukraine 48°17′48″N25°55′29″E	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)	8.00 (19.8); buffer zone 245 (610)	2011
Rila Monastery	Rila,Kyustendil Province,Bulgaria 42°7′0″N23°24′0″E	Cultural: (vi)	11 (27); buffer zone 1,290 (3,200)	1983
Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo	Ivanovo,Ruse Province,Bulgaria 43°43′0″N25°58′0″E	Cultural: (i), (iii)	172 (430)	1979
Srebarna Nature Reserve	Srebarna,Silistra Province,Bulgaria 44°6′51.98″N27°4′41.02″E	Natural: (x)	638 (1,580); buffer zone 673 (1,660)	1983	The site had been listed asendangered1999–2003 due to the prevention of seasonal flooding and agricultural use causing a decline or disappearance of the water and passerine bird populations.
Struve Geodetic Arc	Belarus,Estonia,Finland,Latvia,Lithuania,Moldova,Norway,Russia,Sweden* andUkraine*	Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi)	—	2005	The Struve Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through 10 countries and over 2,820 km. These are points of a survey, carried out between 1816 and 1855 by the astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve, which represented the first accurate measuring of a long segment of a meridian. This helped to establish the exact size and shape of the planet and marked an important step in the development of earth sciences and topographic mapping. It is an extraordinary example of scientific collaboration among scientists from different countries, and of collaboration between monarchs for a scientific cause. The original arc consisted of 258 main triangles with 265 main station points. The listed site includes 34 of the original station points, with different markings, i.e. a drilled hole in rock, iron cross, cairns, or built obelisks.
Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak	Kazanlak,Stara Zagora Province,Bulgaria 42°37′0″N25°24′0″E	Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv)	0.02 (0.049); buffer zone 7.09 (17.5)	1979
Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari	Sveshtari,Razgrad Province,Bulgaria 43°40′0.01″N26°40′0.01″E	Cultural: (i), (iii)	648 (1,600)	1985
Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape	Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County,Hungary 48°9′N21°21′E	Cultural: (iii), (v)	13,255 (32,750); buffer zone 74,879 (185,030)	2002
Tugendhat Villa in Brno	Brno,South Moravian Region,Czech Republic 49°12′26″N16°36′58″E	Cultural: (ii), (iv)	0.73 (1.8); buffer zone 2,825 (6,980)	2001
Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania	Alba,Brașov,Harghita,MureșandSibiucounties (Transylvania),Romania 46°8′9″N24°46′23″E	Cultural: (iv)	553 (1,370); buffer zone 3,728 (9,210)	1993
Virgin Komi Forests	Komi Republic,Russia 65°4′N60°9′E	Natural: (vii), (ix)	3,280,000 (8,100,000)	1995	The Virgin Komi Forests cover 3.28 million ha of tundra and mountain tundra in the Urals, as well as one of the most extensive areas of virgin boreal forest remaining in Europe. This vast area of conifers, aspens, birches, peat bogs, rivers and natural lakes has been monitored and studied for over 50 years. It provides valuable evidence of the natural processes affecting biodiversity in the taiga.
Vlkolínec	Ružomberok District,Žilina Region,Slovakia 49°2′0″N19°17′0″E	Cultural: (iv), (v)	4.90 (12.1); buffer zone 321 (790)	1993
Western Caucasus	Krasnodar Krai,Russia 44°0′N40°0′E	Natural: (ix), (x)	298,903 (738,610)	1999	The Western Caucasus, extending over 275,000 ha of the extreme western end of the Caucasus mountains and located 50 km north-east of the Black Sea, is one of the few large mountain areas of Europe that has not experienced significant human impact. Its subalpine and alpine pastures have only been grazed by wild animals, and its extensive tracts of undisturbed mountain forests, extending from the lowlands to thesubalpine zone, are unique in Europe. The site has a great diversity of ecosystems, with important endemic plants and wildlife, and is the place of origin and reintroduction of the mountain subspecies of the European bison.
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal	VladimirandSuzdal,Vladimir Oblast,Russia 56°9′0″N40°25′0″E	Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv)	—	1992	These two artistic centres in central Russia hold an important place in the country's architectural history. There are a number of magnificent 12th- and 13th-century public and religious buildings, above all the masterpieces of the Collegiate Church of St Demetrios and the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin.
WieliczkaandBochniaRoyal Salt Mines	Wieliczka,Lesser Poland,Poland 49°58′45″N20°3′50″E	Cultural: (iv)	969 (2,390); buffer zone 244 (600)	1978	The Wieliczka Salt Mine, located in the town ofWieliczkain southern Poland, lies within theKrakówmetropolitan area. Theminecontinuously producedtable saltfrom the 13th century until 2007 as one of the world's oldest operatingsalt mines, for most of this time span being a part of the undertakingżupy krakowskie. It is believed to be the world's 14th-oldestcompany. The site had been listed asendangered1989–1998 due to a humidity problem.
Wooden Churches of Maramureş	Maramureș(Transylvania),Romania 47°49′15″N24°3′21″E	Cultural: (iv)	—	1999
Wooden Churches of Southern Little Poland	Lesser Poland VoivodeshipandPodkarpackie Voivodeship,Poland 49°45′0″N21°14′0″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	8.26 (20.4); buffer zone 242 (600)	2003	The wooden church style of the region originated in the lateMedieval, the late sixteenth century, and began withGothicornament andpolychromedetail, but because they were timber construction, the structure, general form, and feeling is entirely different from the gothic architecture orPolish Gothic(in stone or brick).
Wooden Churches of the Slovak part of the Carpathian Mountain Area	Košice,Banská Bystrica,ŽilinaandPrešov Regions,Slovakia 49°20′10″N19°33′30″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	2.56 (6.3); buffer zone 90 (220)	2008
Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine	Poland* andUkraine* 49°32′2″N21°1′56″E	Cultural: (iii), (iv)	—	2013

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