基本介紹
奧里亞語簡介,音系,奧里亞語日常用語,
奧里亞語簡介
Oriya language
屬印歐語系印度語族的東部分支。使用人口約2000萬。奧里亞語和阿薩姆語及孟加拉語是近親語。它的標準語形成於15世紀。由於奧里薩地處偏僻,較晚為外族所征服,所以奧里亞語受外來語（波斯語和英語）的影響不大，而較多保留了本族語的特點。
奧里亞語的元音系統沒有長短音的區別，例如ni奞婖（藍黑，梵語nīla）, dhu奞i（塵土，梵語dhūli，印地語dhūl）。古雅利安語的ɑ在奧里亞語中變為婖（不象印度西部語言變為媅）。輔音系統比梵語簡單，▄、▂、s已經合併,但別的捲舌音仍然存在,除上舉ni奞婖的奞外,還有╱等。╱(h)往往是古代╨(h)變來的,例如da╱hi(鬍子，來自通俗梵語da╨hiā,孟加拉語作da╱i,阿薩姆語作dari)，sa╱i（裹身女服，來自通俗梵語s╣╨i╣）。在語法方面，奧里亞語沒有“性” 的範疇，名詞分為兩類:一類表示有理智的實體,另一類表示無理智的實體;對於有理智實體名詞,動詞要用複數（作為敬體）。奧里亞語的文字和孟加拉文同出一源,但帶有更強的草書筆勢,類似達羅毗荼文字。
音系
奧里亞語有 28 個輔音音位和 6 個元音音位。
| 前 | 後 | |
|---|---|---|
| 高 | i | u |
| 中 | e | o |
| 低 | a | ɔ |
| 唇音 | 齒音 | 齒齦音 | 捲舌音 | 硬齶音 | 軟齶音 | 聲門音 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鼻音 | m | n | ɳ | ||||
| 清塞音 | p pʰ | t̪ t̪ʰ | ʈ ʈʰ | ʧ ʧʰ | k kʰ | ||
| 濁塞音 | b bʱ | d̪ d̪ʱ | ɖ ɖʱ | ʤ ʤʱ | ɡ ɡʱ | ||
| 清擦音 | s | h | |||||
| 流音 | l,r | ɭ |
奧里亞語日常用語
| 英語 | ଓଡ଼ି奧里亞語 |
|---|---|
Welcome | Swaagata |
Hello | namascara |
How are you? I'm fine, thank you. | kimithihi achanti?ଣ କିପରି ଅଛନ୍ |
bhala achi | |
Long time no see | Bahut din helani dekha nahi |
What's your name? My name is ... | tumara nāma kagnaa? |
mora nāma ... | |
Where are you from? I'm from ... | Tame kouthu asicha? |
Mu ....... ru asichi | |
Pleased to meet you | namascara |
Good morning | ସsuprabhaat |
Good afternoon | shubhashandhaa |
Good evening | Subha sandhya |
Good night | shubharaatra |
Goodbye | shubidaay |
Good luck | Sabu subha hau |
Cheers/Good health! | Khusi re ruhantu |
Have a nice day | Subha din |
Bon appetit | Subha trupti |
Bon voyage | Subha jatra |
I don't understand | Mun bujhi paru nahin |
Please speak more slowly | Daya kari tike aste aste kuhantu |
Please say that again | Dayakari authare kuhantu |
Please write it down | Dayakari lekhi diyantu |
How do you say ... in Oriya? | ... ku oriya re kana kahanti? |
Excuse me | kyamā karibe କ୍ଷମା କରନ୍ତୁ |
Sorry | dukhita |
Please | dayakari |
Thank you Response | dhanyabaad ତୁମ୍ଙ୍କୁ ଧନ୍ଯବାଦ୍ |
Aapananku svaaagat | |
Where's the toilet? | Sauchalya keunthi achi? |
This gentleman/lady will pay for everything | Sei loko sabu kichi pain paisa debe Sei mahila sabu kichi pain paisa debe |
Would you like to dance with me? | Apana mo sangere nachibe ki? |
I miss you | Mu tamuku bahut mane pakai |
I love you | Mu tumoku bhala paye |
Get well soon | Jaldi thik heijantu |
Leave me alone! | Mate ekutiya chadi diyantu! |
Happy Easter | Easter ra bahut bahut subechha |
Happy Birthday | Jonmodiner shubhechha |
One language is never enough | Matra gote bhasa jothesta nuhe |
My hovercraft is full of eels | Mo hovercraft re eel bharti hei jaichi |
