《化學——普通化學、有機化學和生物化學導論（第11版）》是2012年清華大學出版社出版的圖書，作者是Karen C·Timberlake。
基本介紹
- 書名：化學——普通化學、有機化學和生物化學導論（第11版）概述
- 作者：[美]Karen C·Timberlake
- ISBN：9787302305309
- 定價：98元
- 出版社：清華大學出版社
- 出版時間：2012-11-22
- 裝幀：平裝
內容簡介,圖書目錄,
內容簡介
本書適合與健康相關的不用專業的學生學習化學知識，如營養及護理、環境科學、農業科學等專業。本書旨在幫助學生了解物質的結構及性質與其在健康及環境中的作用之間的聯繫。書中設有“ChemistryLinktoHealth”、“ChemistryLinktoEnvironment”等興趣閱讀框，幫助學生了解化學原理的套用。並通過概念討論、解題指引、綜合性習題等，介紹解決問題的策略。全書內容豐富生動，語言清晰易懂。
本書主要內容包括：化學與測量，物質與能量，原子與元素，化合物與化學鍵，化學計算與化學反應，氣體，溶液，酸和鹼，核反應，有機化學簡介－－烷烴，不飽和烴，含氧和硫的有機化合物，碳水化合物，羧酸、酯、胺和醯胺，脂類，胺基酸、蛋白質和酶，核酸及蛋白質合成，代謝途徑及能量產生。
圖書目錄
Chemistry and Measurements 1
1.1 Chemistry and Chemicals 3
Chemistry Link to History Early Chemists: The Alchemists 3
1.2 A Study Plan for Learning Chemistry 5
1.3 Units of Measurement 8 Explore Your World Units Listed on Labels 10
1.4 Scientific Notation 11
1.5 Measured Numbers and Significant Figures 14
1.6 Significant Figures in Calculations 17
1.7 Prefixes and Equalities 21
1.8 Writing Conversion Factors 25
Explore Your World SI and Metric Equalities on Product Labels 27
Chemistry Link to Health Toxicology and Risk-Benefit Assessment 28
1.9 Problem Solving 29 Career Focus Veterinary Technician (VT) 31
1.10 Density 33 Explore Your World Sink or Float? 33 Chemistry Link to Health Bone Density 35
Concept Map 38 Chapter Review 39 Key Terms 40 Understanding the Concepts 40 Additional Questions and Problems 42 Challenge Questions 42 Answers 43
2
Matter and Energy 45
2.1 Classification of Matter 46
Chemistry Link to Health Breathing Mixtures
for Scuba 49 vi
2.2 States and Properties of Matter 50
2.3 Energy 54
Chemistry Link to the Environment Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming 56
2.4 Temperature 57 Career Focus Surgical Technologist 59 Chemistry Link to Health Variation in Body
Temperature 61
2.5 Specific Heat 61
2.6 Energy and Nutrition 64 Explore Your World Counting Calories 65 Chemistry Link to Health Losing and Gaining Weight 66
2.7 Changes of State 67 Career Focus Histologist 69 Chemistry Link to Health Steam Burns 71 Concept Map 75 Chapter Review 76 Key Terms 76 Understanding the Concepts 77 Additional Questions and Problems 79 Challenge Questions 80 Answers 81
Combining Ideas from Chapters 1 and 2 83
3
Atoms and Elements 85
3.1 Elements and Symbols 86 Chemistry Link to Health Toxicity of Mercury 88 Chemistry Link to Industry Many Forms of Carbon 89
3.2 The Periodic Table 89
Chemistry Link to Health Elements Essential to Health 92
Career Focus Materials Scientist 95
3.3 The Atom 96 Explore Your World Repulsion and Attraction 99
3.4 Atomic Number and Mass Number 99 Career Focus Optician 101
3.5 Isotopes and Atomic Mass 102
3.6 Electron Energy Levels 106
Chemistry Link to the Environment Energy-Saving Fluorescent Bulbs 107
CONTENTS
Chemistry Link to Health Biological Reactions to UV Light 111
3.7 Trends in Periodic Properties 111
Concept Map 118 Chapter Review 119 Key Terms 120 Understanding the Concepts 120 Additional Questions and Problems 121 Challenge Questions 122 Answers 123
4
Compounds and Their Bonds 125
4.1 Octet Rule and Ions 126
Chemistry Link to Industry Some Uses for Noble Gases 127
Chemistry Link to Health Some Important Ions in the Body 130
4.2 Ionic Compounds 131 Career Focus Physical Therapist 132
4.3 Naming and Writing Ionic Formulas 134
4.4 Polyatomic Ions 137
4.5 Covalent Compounds and Their Names 141
4.6 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity 149
4.7 Shapes and Polarity of Molecules 152
4.8 Attractive Forces in Compounds 158
Concept Map 160 Chapter Review 161 Key Terms 162 Understanding the Concepts 162 Additional Questions and Problems 163 Challenge Questions 164 Answers 165
5
Chemical Quantities and Reactions 167
5.1 The Mole 168
5.2 Molar Mass 172
Explore Your World Calculating Moles in the Kitchen 174
5.3 Chemical Reactions and Equations 177
5.4 Types of Reactions 183 Chemistry Link to Health Smog and Health Concerns 188
5.5 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 189
Explore Your World Oxidation of Fruits and Vegetables 191 Chemistry Link to the Environment Fuel Cells: Clean Energy for the Future 193
5.6 Mole Relationships in Chemical Equations 193
5.7 Mass Calculations for Reactions 197
5.8 Energy in Chemical Reactions 199 Chemistry Link to Health Hot Packs and Cold Packs 200 Concept Map 203
Chapter Review 203 Key Terms 204 Understanding the Concepts 205 Additional Questions and Problems 206 Challenge Questions 208 Answers 209
Combining Ideas from Chapters 3 to 5 211
6
Gases 213
6.1 Properties of Gases 214 Explore Your World Forming a Gas 217
6.2 Gas Pressure 217 Chemistry Link to Health Measuring Blood Pressure 219
6.3 Pressure and Volume (Boyle’s Law) 220
Chemistry Link to Health Pressure–Volume Relationship in Breathing 223
6.4 Temperature and Volume (Charles’s Law) 224
Chemistry Link to the Environment Greenhouse Gases 227
6.5 Temperature and Pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law) 228 Career Focus Nurse Anesthetist 229
6.6 The Combined Gas Law 231
6.7 Volume and Moles (Avogadro’s Law) 233
6.8 Partial Pressures (Dalton’s Law) 236 Chemistry Link to Health Blood Gases 238 Chemistry Link to Health Hyperbaric Chambers 239 Concept Map 240
Chapter Review 241 Key Terms 241 Understanding the Concepts 242 Additional Questions and Problems 243 Challenge Questions 243 Answers 244
viii CONTENTS
7
Solutions 245
7.1 Solutions 246 Chemistry Link to Health Water in the Body 248 Explore Your World Like Dissolves Like 250
7.2 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 250 Career Focus Orthopedic Physician Assistant 252 Chemistry Link to Health Electrolytes
in Body Fluids 254
7.3 Solubility 254
Chemistry Link to Health Gout and Kidney Stones: A Problem of Saturation in Body Fluids 256 Explore Your World Preparing Solutions 257
7.4 Concentration of a Solution 260
7.5 Dilution of Solutions 266
7.6 Properties of Solutions 269
Chemistry Link to Health Colloids and Solutions in the Body 270 Explore Your World Everyday Osmosis 273 Chemistry Link to Health Dialysis by the Kidneys
and the Artificial Kidney 276 Concept Map 278 Chapter Review 278 Key Terms 279 Understanding the Concepts 280 Additional Questions and Problems 281 Challenge Questions 282 Answers 282
8
Acids and Bases 285
8.1 Acids and Bases 286
8.2 Strengths of Acids and Bases 291
8.3 Ionization of Water 294
8.4 The pH Scale 297 Chemistry Link to Health Stomach Acid, HCl 300 Chemistry Link to the Environment Acid Rain 303 Explore Your World Using Vegetables and
Flowers as pH Indicators 304
8.5 Reactions of Acids and Bases 304 Chemistry Link to Health Antacids 307
8.6 Buffers 308 Chemistry Link to Health Buffers in the Blood 310 Concept Map 311
Chapter Review 312 Key Terms 312 Understanding the Concepts 313 Additional Questions and Problems 314 Challenge Questions 314 Answers 315
Combining Ideas from Chapters 6 to 8 317
9
Nuclear Radiation 319
9.1 Natural Radioactivity 320
Chemistry Link to Health Biological Effects of Radiation 322
9.2 Nuclear Equations 324
Chemistry Link to the Environment Radon in Our Homes 326 Chemistry Link to Health Beta Emitters in Medicine 328
9.3 Radiation Measurement 331 Chemistry Link to Health Radiation and Food 333
9.4 Half-Life of a Radioisotope 335 Explore Your World Modeling Half-Lives 335 Chemistry Link to the Environment Dating Ancient
Objects 338
9.5 Medical Applications Using Radioactivity 338
Chemistry Link to Health Other Imaging Methods 340 Chemistry Link to Health Brachytherapy 342 Chemistry Link to Health Radiation Doses in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures 342
9.6 Nuclear Fission and Fusion 343
Chemistry Link to the Environment Nuclear
Power Plants 345 Concept Map 346 Chapter Review 347 Key Terms 347 Understanding the Concepts 348 Additional Questions and Problems 349 Challenge Questions 350 Answers 350
10
Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes 353
10.1 Organic Compounds 354
10.2 Alkanes 357 Career Focus Geologist 360
10.3 Alkanes with Substituents 362
Chemistry Link to Health Common Uses of Halogenated Alkanes 367
10.4 Properties of Alkanes 368
Chemistry Link to Health Toxicity of Carbon Monoxide 369
Chemistry Link to Industry Crude Oil 370
10.5 Functional Groups 371
Chemistry Link to the Environment Functional Groups in Familiar Compounds 376
Concept Map 377 Chapter Review 378 Summary of Naming 378 Summary of Reactions 379 Key Terms 379 Understanding the Concepts 379 Additional Questions and Problems 380 Challenge Questions 382 Answers 383
1
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 385
11.1 Alkenes and Alkynes 386 Explore Your World Ripening Fruit 387 Chemistry Link to the Environment Fragrant Alkenes 389
11.2 Cis–Trans Isomers 390 Explore Your World Modeling Cis–Trans Isomers 392 Chemistry Link to the Environment Pheromones in Insect
Communication 394
Chemistry Link to Health Cis–Trans Isomers for Night Vision 394
11.3 Addition Reactions 395 Explore Your World Unsaturation in Fats and Oils 395 Chemistry Link to Health Hydrogenation of
Unsaturated Fats 396
11.4 Polymers of Alkenes 399
CONTENTS ix
Explore Your World Polymers and Recycling Plastics 399
11.5 Aromatic Compounds 401
Chemistry Link to Health Some Common Aromatic Compounds 403
Chemistry Link to Health Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 403
Concept Map 404 Chapter Review 404 Summary of Naming 405 Summary of Reactions 405 Key Terms 405 Understanding the Concepts 406 Additional Questions and Problems 406 Challenge Questions 408 Answers 408
12
Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Sulfur 410
12.1 Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers 411 Explore Your World Alcohols in Household Products 413 Chemistry Link to Health Some Important
Alcohols and Phenols 413
Chemistry Link to Health Ethers as Anesthetics 416
12.2 Properties of Alcohols and Ethers 417 Chemistry Link to Health Hand Sanitizers and Ethanol 419
12.3 Reactions of Alcohols and Thiols 420 Chemistry Link to Health Methanol Poisoning 422
Career Focus Pharmacist 423 Chemistry Link to Health Oxidation of Alcohol in the Body 423
12.4 Aldehydes and Ketones 425 Chemistry Link to the Environment Vanilla 427 Chemistry Link to Health Some Important
Aldehydes and Ketones 429
12.5 Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones 430
12.6 Chiral Molecules 434
Explore Your World Using Gumdrops and Toothpicks to Model Chiral Objects 436
Chemistry Link to Health Enantiomers in Biological Systems 440
Concept Map 441 Chapter Review 441 Summary of Naming 442 Summary of Reactions 443 Key Terms 443 Understanding the Concepts 444 Additional Questions and Problems 445 Challenge Questions 447 Answers 447
Combining Ideas from Chapters 9 to 12 450
x CONTENTS
13
Carbohydrates 452
13.1 Carbohydrates 453
13.2 Fischer Projections of Monosaccharides 456
Chemistry Link to Health Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia 458
13.3 Haworth Structures of Monosaccharides 459
13.4 Chemical Properties of Monosaccharides 463 Chemistry Link to Health Testing for Glucose in Urine 464
13.5 Disaccharides 465 Explore Your World Sugar and Sweeteners 466
Career Focus Phlebotomist 467 Chemistry Link to Health How Sweet Is My Sweetener? 469
Chemistry Link to Health Blood Types and Carbohydrates 470
13.6 Polysaccharides 471 Explore Your World Polysaccharides 473
Concept Map 474 Chapter Review 474 Summary of Carbohydrates 475 Summary of Reactions 475 Key Terms 476 Understanding the Concepts 476 Additional Questions and Problems 477 Challenge Questions 478 Answers 478
14
Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides 481
14.1 Carboxylic Acids 482
Chemistry Link to Health Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) 485
14.2 Properties of Carboxylic Acids 486
14.3 Esters 488 Chemistry Link to Health Salicylic Acid and Aspirin 490 Chemistry Link to the Environment Plastics 491 Chemistry Link to the Environment Cleaning Action
of Soaps 494
14.4 Amines 495
Chemistry Link to Health Amines in Health and Medicine 497
Chemistry Link to Health Synthesizing Drugs 502
14.5 Amides 503 Career Focus Clinical Laboratory Technologist 504 Chemistry Link to Health Amides in Health and
Medicine 506 Concept Map 508 Chapter Review 508 Summary of Naming 509 Summary of Reactions 509 Key Terms 511 Understanding the Concepts 511 Additional Questions and Problems 512 Challenge Questions 513 Answers 514
15
Lipids 517
15.1 Lipids 518 Explore Your World Solubility of Fats and Oils 519
15.2 Fatty Acids 520
Chemistry Link to Health Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Fish Oils 524
15.3 Waxes, Fats, and Oils 525
15.4 Chemical Properties of Triacylglycerols 529 Chemistry Link to Health Olestra: A Fat Substitute 530 Chemistry Link to Health Trans Fatty Acids
and Hydrogenation 531 Explore Your World Types of Fats 533 Chemistry Link to the Environment Biodiesel
as an Alternative Fuel 533
15.5 Glycerophospholipids 535 Career Focus Physical Therapist 537
15.6 Steroids: Cholesterol, Bile Salts,
and Steroid Hormones 538 Chemistry Link to Health Anabolic Steroids 543
15.7 Cell Membranes 544 Concept Map 547 Chapter Review 548 Summary of Reactions 548 Key Terms 549 Understanding the Concepts 549 Additional Questions and Problems 550 Challenge Questions 551
Answers 551 Combining Ideas from Chapters 13 to 15 555
CONTENTS
16
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes 557
16.1 Proteins and Amino Acids 558 Chemistry Link to Health Essential Amino Acids 563
16.2 Amino Acids as Acids and Bases 563 Career Focus Rehabilitation Specialist 564
16.3 Formation of Peptides 566
16.4 Levels of Protein Structure 568 Chemistry Link to Health Polypeptides in the Body 568 Chemistry Link to Health Protein Structure and Mad Cow
Disease 576
Explore Your World Denaturation of Milk Protein 577
Chemistry Link to Health Sickle-Cell Anemia 578
16.5 Enzymes 579
16.6 Enzyme Action 580
Chemistry Link to Health Isoenzymes as Diagnostic Tools 583
16.7 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity 584 Explore Your World Enzyme Activity 585
16.8 Enzyme Cofactors 589
Concept Map 592 Chapter Review 592 Key Terms 593
Understanding the Concepts 594 Additional Questions and Problems 596 Challenge Questions 597 Answers 597
17
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 600
17.1 Components of Nucleic Acids 601 Career Focus Occupational Therapist 604
17.2 Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids 605
17.3 DNA Double Helix 607 Chemistry Link to Health DNA Fingerprinting 611
17.4 RNA and the Genetic Code 611
17.5 Protein Synthesis 616
Chemistry Link to Health Many Antibiotics Inhibit Protein Synthesis 619
17.6 Genetic Mutations 619
Explore Your World A Model for DNA Replication and Mutation 621
17.7 Viruses 623 Chemistry Link to Health Cancer 626
Concept Map 627 Chapter Review 628 Key Terms 628 Understanding the Concepts 629 Additional Questions and Problems 629 Challenge Questions 630 Answers 630
18
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production 633
18.1 Metabolism and ATP Energy 634
Chemistry Link to Health ATP Energy and Ca2. Needed to Contract Muscles 638
18.2 Digestion of Foods 639 Explore Your World Carbohydrate Digestion 639
Chemistry Link to Health Lactose Intolerance 640
18.3 Coenzymes in Metabolic Pathways 642
18.4 Glycolysis: Oxidation of Glucose 646
18.5 The Citric Acid Cycle 652
18.6 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 656
Chemistry Link to Health Toxins: Inhibitors of Electron Transport 658
Chemistry Link to Health ATP Synthase and Heating the Body 660
18.7 Oxidation of Fatty Acids 663 Explore Your World Fat Storage and Blubber 665 Chemistry Link to Health Stored Fat and Obesity 666
Chemistry Link to Health Ketone Bodies and Diabetes 669
18.8 Degradation of Amino Acids 669
Concept Map 674 Chapter Review 675 Summary of Key Reactions 676 Key Terms 678 Understanding the Concepts 678 Additional Questions and Problems 679 Challenge Questions 679 Answers 680
