先進磁性材料的模擬和檢測

《先進磁性材料的模擬和檢測》是2006年出版的圖書，作者是劉義。

基本介紹

• 書名：先進磁性材料的模擬和檢測
• 作者：劉義
• 出版社：清華大學出版社
• 出版時間：2006年
• 定價：139 元
• 裝幀：精裝
• ISBN：9787302087014
• 印次：1-2
• 印刷時間：2006-8-1

圖書簡介

本書的目的是對磁性材料研究的新近進展提供一種全面的理解。本書共分四卷，每一卷集中論述一個具體的研究領域。每一章首先對該章的基本概念和重要觀念進行闡述，然後從實驗和理論方面進行詳細地說明，最後介紹該領域的發展前景以及新的思想。書中提供了詳盡的參考文獻，可供研究人員參考。

原子磁矩和巡迴磁模型的建立墊定了我們對磁性的理解。記算是有效的方法來驗正理論及予測新性能。在此過程中建立模型和其邊界條件需要對材料的幾何形狀,結構和性能進行準確的測量。第2卷收集總結磁性理論、 模擬、結構和性能的測量的最新成果。

本書的讀者對象為研究生和相關專業的研究人員。

目錄

1.1Introduction1

1.2MagneticForceMicroscopy2

1.2.1BasicOperatingPrinciplesofMFM2

1.2.2ForceGradientDetection2

1.2.3SensitivityandResolution3

1.2.4Tip\|SampleInteraction4

1.2.5ForceSensor7

1.3DevelopmentofAdvancedMFMTips8

1.3.1HighCoercivityCoPtMFMTips8

1.3.2SuperparamagneticandLowStrayMagneticField

MFMTips13

1.3.3Electron\|Beam\|Induced\|Deposited

(EBID)MFMTips15

1.3.4Point\|DipoleMFMTips17

1.3.5FocusedIonBeamMillingMFMTips20

References22

2LorentzMicroscopyandHolographyCharacterizationofMagnetic

Materials24

2.1Introduction24

2.2Instrumentation25

2.3AnalyticalElectronMicroscopyforStructure

Characterization29

2.3.1OutlineofCurrentAnalyticalElectron

Microscopy29

2.3.2ThicknessMeasurementbyEELS31

2.3.3ElementalMappingwithEDS33

2.4LorentzMicroscopyonMagneticDomainStructure35

2.4.1PrinciplesofLorentzMicroscopy35

2.4.2LorentzMicroscopyUsingConventionalTransmission

ElectronMicroscopes36

2.4.3LorentzMicroscopyUsingScanningTransmission

ElectronMicroscopes44

2.5PrinciplesandApplicationofElectronHolography46

2.5.1PrinciplesofElectronHolography46

2.5.2PracticeofElectronHolography51

2.5.3ApplicationofElectronHolography52

2.6ConcludingRemarks63

References63

3CharacterizationofMagneticMaterialsbyMeansofNeutron

Scattering66

3.1Introduction66

3.1.1CrossSectionFormalism69

3.1.2PolarizedNeutronBeamInstrumentation71

3.1.3ThePolarizationoftheScatteredBeam77

3.2ElasticMagneticScattering80

3.2.1SmallAngleScattering80

3.2.2NeutronDiffraction84

3.2.3ReflectionofNeutronsfromMagneticSurfacesand

Interfaces90

3.3InelasticMagneticScattering97

3.3.1StudiesofElementaryExcitationsbyTripleaxis

Spectroscopy97

3.3.2DetectionofSlowMotionsbyNeutronSpinEcho101

3.4Summaries107

References108

4AdvancedTransmissionElectronMicroscopyofNanostructured

MagneticMaterials113

4.1Introduction113

4.2SpecimenPreparation114

4.2.1BulkSamples114

4.2.2MagneticThinFilms114

4.2.3MagneticNanowires118

4.2.4MagneticPowders119

4.2.5SpecialTechniques120

4.3ElectronDiffraction121

4.3.1SADPatternandtheRingPattern121

4.3.2ConvergentBeamElectronDiffraction122

4.3.3Nanodiffraction124

4.4HighResolutionandSuperResolutionTEM129

4.4.1AnImageProcessingModel130

4.4.2ProcedureforImageReconstruction135

4.4.3TestoftheImageProcessingModel135

4.5SelectedReflectionImaging138

4.5.1OriginationoftheTechnique138

4.5.2ExperimentalMethodinConventionalTEM139

4.5.3ApplicationofSRI140

4.5.4ExperimentalSetUpinaSTEM142

4.6STEMandZContrastImaging143

4.7ElectronEnergyLossSpectroscopy145

4.8ConcludingRemarks148

References148

5MssbauerSpectroscopyCharacterizationofSoftMagnetic

NanocrystallineAlloys151

5.1Introduction151

5.2MssbauerSpectroscopy155

5.2.1PrinciplesoftheMssbauerEffect155

5.2.2HyperfineInteractions164

5.2.3TherfMssbauerTechnique168

5.3Experiment171

5.3.1FormationoftheCrystallineNanostructurein

AmorphousMatrix171

5.3.2PrimaryCharacterizationofThermalStabilityofAmorphous

Precursor—FormationofNanostructure173

5.4MssbauerStudyoftheStructureandMagnetismofFINEMET

Alloys178

5.5MssbauerStudyoftheStructureandMagnetismof

NANOPERMAlloys188

5.5.1ConventionalMssbauerStudies191

5.5.2TherfMssbauerStudies212

5.6SurfaceandBulkNanocrystallizationofAmorphousFeCuNbSiB

andFeMBCuAlloys\|theCEMSStudy232

5.7ShortRangeOrderinAmorphousPrecursors—the

rfMssbauerStudy244

5.8DeterminationoftheGrainSizebyXRDandSAXS

Techniques\|CorrelationwiththeMssbauerResults250

References260

6AtomProbeCharacterizationofMicrostructuresofNanocrystalline

andNanocompositeMagneticMaterials266

6.1Introduction266

6.2TheAtomProbeTechnique267

6.3MicrostructuralEvolutioninNanocrystallineSoftMagnetic

Materials271

6.3.1FINEMET(FeSiBNbCu)271

6.3.2NANOPERM(FeZrB(Cu))279

6.3.3HITPERM((Fe,Co)ZrBCu)287

6.4MicrostructuralEvolutioninNanocompositeMagnets289

6.4.1Fe3B/Nd2Fe14BSystem290

6.4.2αFe/Nd2Fe14BSystem295

6.4.3AmorphousRemainingαFe/Nd2Fe14B

Nanocomposite299

6.5RolesofMicroalloyedElementsinNanocrystallization301

6.6EffectofHeatingRatesonNanocrystallineMicrostructure

Evolution304

6.7Summary306

References306

7ItinerantElectronMetamagnetism310

7.1Introduction310

7.2TheoreticalAspectsofItinerantElectronMetamagnetism311

7.2.1LandauExpansionCoefficientsandMagneticPhase

Diagram311

7.2.2ParamagneticSusceptibilityMaximuminthe

TemperatureDependence314

7.3ItinerantElectronMetamagnetismofLavesPhase

ExchangeEnhancedPauliParamagnets315

7.3.1MetamagneticTransitionintheGroundState315

7.3.2RelationshipBetweentheSusceptibilityMaximum

andtheTransitionField317

7.3.3MetamagneticTransitionatFiniteTemperatures320

7.4CorrelationBetweentheMagnetovolumeEffects

andMetamagneticTransition321

7.4.1ConcentrationDependenceoftheCurieTemperature

andSpontaneousMagnetization321

7.4.2PressureEffectsontheCurieTemperatureand

SpontaneousMagnetization322

7.4.3ThermalExpansionAnomalyandSpinFluctuations327

7.5DeterminationoftheLandauCoefficients329

7.5.1PressureEffectontheCriticalFieldofthe

MetamagneticTransition329

7.5.2ComparisonBetweentheExperimentalandTheoretical

MagneticPhaseDiagrams333

7.6SuppressionofSpinFluctuationsinLavesphase

Metamagnets337

7.6.1ConcentrationDependenceoftheSpecificHeatCoefficient

ofLavesPhaseCompounds337

7.6.2LargeElectronicSpecificHeatCoefficientDuetoSpin

FluctuationsandItsSuppressionUnderHighFields338

7.7MetamagneticTransitionatFiniteTemperaturesofFerromagnetic

La(Fe1-xSix)13NaZn13typeCompounds340

7.7.1MagnetizationandMagneticPhaseDiagram340

7.7.2ThermalExpansionAnomaly346

7.7.3PressureEffectontheMetamagneticTransition347

7.7.4ControloftheMetamagneticTransitionbyHydrogen

Absorption350

7.8DrasticChangesinMagneticandElectricalPropertiesand

TheirPracticalApplications353

7.8.1IsotropicGiantVolumeMagnetostriction353

7.8.2GiantMagnetocaloricEffect358

7.8.3GiantMagnetoresistance365

7.9ConcludingRemarks366

References367

8ModelingofHysteresisinMagneticMaterials372

8.1Introduction372

8.2DevelopmentofModelTheoriesofHysteresis373

8.3MagnetismattheDiscreteLevelofIndividualAtomsandBeyond

totheContinuumLevel:LandauLifschitzGilbertModeland

Micromagnetics375

8.4MagnetismofDomainRotation:StonerWohlfarth378

8.5MagnetismattheLevelofDomainBoundaries:

Neel,GlobusGuyot,Bertotti382

8.6MagnetismattheMacroscopicScale:theIntegrationofSingle

DomainSwitchingProcessesandthePreisachModel386

8.7MagnetismattheMultidomainLevel:EnergyConsiderations

andtheJilesAthertonModel391

8.7.1DescriptionoftheAnhystereticMagnetization392

8.7.2ExtensiontoDescribeHysteresis393

8.7.3ExtensiontoDescribetheEffectsofStress

onMagnetization395

8.7.4ExtensiontoDescribetheEffectsofFrequencyon

Magnetization396

8.7.5Applications397

8.8Summary403

References404

9Coarse\|grainingandHierarchicalSimulationofMagneticMaterials:

theFastMultipoleMethod407

9.1Introduction407

9.2TheFastMultipoleMethod:SimplestImplementation408

9.3CartesianFormulationoftheFMM414

9.4HistoryoftheFMM416

9.5MicromagneticApplicationsoftheFMM417

References420

10NumericalSimulationofQuasistaticandDynamicRemagnetization

ProcesseswithSpecialApplicationstoThinFilmsand

Nanoparticles421

10.1BasicMicromagneticConceptsandMainEnergy

Contributions421

10.2DiscretizationMethods:SimplicityandSpeed

VersusExactShapeApproximation422

10.2.1Regular(TranslationallyInvariant)Grids423

10.2.2TetrahedronMesh424

10.3EvaluationofVariousEnergyContributions427

10.3.1AnisotropyEnergyinPolycrystallineSamples428

10.3.2ExchangeEnergy:Node\|supportedDiscretization,

Heisenberg\|LikeFormandAngle\|based

Interpolation429

10.3.3StrayFieldEvaluationonRegularGrids434

10.4EnergyMinimizationMethods443

10.4.1StandardMinimizationTechnique:Conjugate

Gradients444

10.4.2EquationofMotionTechniquesandSimple

RelaxationMethods447

10.4.3AdvancedRelaxationMethodsCombinedwiththe

ExtrapolationTechniques449

10.4.4AlignmentMethods451

10.5EquilibriumMagnetizationStructuresandQuasistatic

RemagnetizationProcesses454

10.5.1NanosizedMagneticElements454

10.5.2ExtendedThinFilmsandPatternedStructures459

10.5.3QuasistaticRemagnetizationinNanocomposites:

IndividualParticleSwitchingandCooperative

RemagnetizationProcesses463

10.6EquilibriumandNon\|EquilibriumThermodynamics:Langevin

Dynamics,MonteCarloMethodandPathIntegrals469

10.6.1FastRemagnetizationProcesses:Langevin

Dynamicsvs.MonteCarloMethod469

10.6.2SlowRemagnetizationDynamics489

References503

11PreisachModelandSimulationofRelaxationKinetics508

11.1Introduction508

11.2TheResponseOperator509

11.3ThePreisachModel510

11.4EnsemblesofSystemsinRandomPotential518

11.5RepresentabilityoftheEnsembleEvolutionbythePM520

11.6Connectionofthe“Classical”IrreversibilityParameters

withthePM523

11.7RepresentationsofSomeEnsemblesbythePM525

11.7.1CampbellRandomPotentialandStabilizationof

DomainWalls525

11.7.2PeriodicPotentialswithRandomPhase530

11.8UncertaintyinPredictionofRelaxationKinetics

BasedonthePM535

11.9Summary539

References540

12AntiferromagnetismofMnAlloys541

12.1Introduction541

12.2TheoryofItinerantElectronMagnetismwiththe

HubbardModel542

12.2.1ModelfortheItinerantElectronSystems542

12.2.2Path\|IntegralApproachfortheItinerant\|Electron

Magnetism542

12.2.3SaddlePoint(MolecularField)Approximation544

12.2.4RotationoftheLocalSpinAxesintheComplex

MagneticStructures545

12.2.5MagneticExcitationEnergyandtheExchange

Constant547

12.3FirstPrinciplesApproachfortheMagneticStructuresof

TransitionMetalSystems550

12.3.1Tight\|binding(TB)\|LMTOMethodforComplex

MagneticStructures550

12.3.2CoherentPotentialApproximation(CPA)for

DisorderedAlloys552

12.3.3EffectiveExchangeConstant553

12.4ElectronicandMagneticStructuresofγ\|Mnand

Mnalloys554

12.4.1γ\|Mn554

12.4.2FeMnDisorderedAlloy559

12.4.3L10\|TypeMnPt,MnNiandMnPdAlloys564

12.4.4L12\|Typeandγ\|PhaseMn3IrAlloys572

12.5ExperimentalObservationsofAntiferromagnetism

ofMnAlloys578

12.5.1ConcentrationDependenceoftheNéelTemperature

ofL12\|type(≡γ′\|Phase)MnOrdered

AlloySystems578

12.5.2ConcentrationDependenceoftheNéelTemperature

ofγ\|phaseMnDisorderedAlloySystems581

12.5.3LatticeDistortionsandSpinStructuresof

γ\|phaseMnDisorderedAlloys582

12.5.4ConcentrationDependenceoftheNéelTemperature

ofL10(≡CuAu\|I)\|typeAlloySystems586

12.5.5Low\|temperatureSpecificHeatandTemperature

DependenceofElectricalResistivity587

12.6AntiferromagneticPropertiesRelatedtoMagnetic

Devices589

12.6.1MagnetovolumeEffectsandThermalStrains590

12.6.2BlockingTemperatureandMagneticDomainsin

Antiferromanets593

12.6.3FrustrationofAntiferromagneticSpinStructures

andExchangeBiasField594

12.7ConcludingRemarks597

References597