"prosecute"是英語中兼具法律與通用語義的動詞,其核心含義包含法律層面的"對...提起公訴、控告"以及抽象層面的"堅持從事某項活動"。該詞發音為英式[ˈprɒsɪkjuːt]/美式[ˈprɑːsɪkjuːt],詞源可追溯至拉丁語"prōsequī",由前綴"pro-"(向前)與詞根"sequi"(跟隨)構成,引申出"持續跟進直至完成"的語義核心。在法律語境下,"prosecute"特指檢察官對違法行為提起訴訟的司法程式,如"Trespassers will be prosecuted"(違者將被起訴)的警示語。其動詞形態變化包括過去式/過去分詞"prosecuted"(英[ˈprɒsɪkjuːtɪd]/美[ˈprɒsɪkjuːtɪd])和現在分詞"prosecuting"。
基本介紹
- 發音:英[ˈprɒsɪkjuːt] 美[ˈprɑːsɪkjuːt]
- 詞性:動詞(及物/不及物)
- 過去式:prosecuted
- 詞源:拉丁語prōsequī(向前跟隨)
- 同義詞:sue, indict, pursue
- 相關詞:prosecutor(檢察官)
法律用法,其他用法,詞形變化,詞源與記憶方法,雙語例句,常見搭配,
法律用法
作為法律術語,"prosecute"主要用於以下場景:
- 指檢察官對犯罪嫌疑人提起刑事訴訟,如"當局決定以欺詐罪起訴該公司"(The authorities decided to prosecute the company for fraud)
- 描述公民依法檢舉違法行為的權利,如"任何單位有權檢舉違反土地管理規定的行為"(All units have the right to prosecute violations of land regulations)
- 在警示語中強調法律後果,典型用法如"違者必究"的標準翻譯"Trespassers will be prosecuted"
法律檔案中的常見搭配包括:
- prosecute for(因...起訴):prosecute for tax evasion(以逃稅罪名起訴)
- maliciously prosecute(誣告陷害):指濫用司法程式損害他人權益的行為
- criminal prosecution(刑事訴訟):與civil litigation(民事訴訟)形成法律程式區分
其他用法
在非法律語境中,"prosecute"延伸出以下語義:
- 繼續從事:強調對既定目標的持續追求,如"prosecute a war"(繼續作戰)或"prosecute one's studies"(持續進行研究)
- 徹底執行:指完整實施某項計畫或方案,常見於商業領域,如"prosecute an advertising campaign"(全面執行廣告方案)
- 擔任檢察官:描述法律從業者的職業行為,如"qualified to prosecute cases in the High Court"(具備在高等法院提起訴訟的資格)
詞形變化
該動詞具有完整的形態變化體系:
- 第三人稱單數:prosecutes
- 過去式/過去分詞:prosecuted
- 現在分詞:prosecuting
- 形容詞形態:prosecutable(可被起訴的)
典型錯誤用法包括:
- 誤將名詞"prosecution"(起訴行為)作動詞使用
- 混淆"prosecute"與"sue"的語義差異(後者特指民事起訴)
- 錯誤拼寫為"persecute"(迫害),需注意詞根差異
詞源與記憶方法
通過詞根解析可有效記憶該詞:
- pro-:前綴表"向前"(如progress, promote)
- secut-:來自拉丁語sequi(跟隨),同源詞包括sequence(序列)、consecutive(連續的)
- -ate:動詞後綴,表示動作的完成
記憶口訣:"向前追隨違法行為直至法庭",同時涵蓋法律訴訟與持續從事的雙重語義。
雙語例句
- The police have decided not to prosecute because the evidence is not strong enough. 警方已決定不起訴,因為證據不夠充分。
- He has decided to prosecute her after careful consideration of all the relevant facts. 他仔細考慮了所有相關事實後,決定起訴她。
- The Attorney General was aware of the political implications of his decision to prosecute. 總檢察長知道自己起訴的決定可能引起的政治後果。
- Approximately 20 states prosecute these cases under existing criminal laws. 大約有20個州根據現有的刑事法律起訴這些案件。
- The police decided not to prosecute. 警方決定不予起訴。
- They had overwhelming public support to prosecute the war. 絕大多數民眾支持他們繼續進行這場戰爭。
- In extreme cases, insurance companies can prosecute for fraud. 在極個別情況下,保險公司會起訴騙保行為。
- The attorney who will prosecute the case says he cannot reveal how much money is involved. 即將起訴這件案子的原告律師說他不能透漏涉案金額。
- Photographs taken by roadside cameras will soon be enough to prosecute drivers for speeding. 路邊攝像機所拍到的照片不久將足以用來起訴超速的司機。
- Is there enough evidence to prosecute? 有沒有起訴的足夠證據?
- We are going to prosecute the investigation further. 我們將進一步徹底進行調查。
- Well, I'll find those who prosecute you and tell them wrong. 行,我們會找那些告發你的人,告訴他們沒事。
- She threatens to prosecute Tony for impeding an investigation. 她威脅將以妨礙調查起訴托尼。
- And how prosecute you him who in action is a deceiver and an oppressor. 你們如何起訴一個有欺詐或壓迫行為,但又是受到侵害和虐待的人呢?
- Of course, this doesn't mean that I don't want tp prosecute the sacred duties. 當然,這不是說,我不想履行自己的神聖職責。
- Fury said to a mouse, That he met in the house, "Let us both go to law: I will prosecute YOU. 獵狗對屋子裡的一隻老鼠說道:‘跟我到法庭去,我要把你控告,我不睬你的辯解,要把你審判。
- The trial was initiated by a group of citizens who petitioned the justice ministry to prosecute him. 這次的審判由一個向法務部請願起訴他的市民團體所發起的。
- Such behavior is a felony under Sarbanes Oxley, but the U.S. will most likely be unable to prosecute. 根據薩班斯·奧克斯利法案,這種行為構成重罪。但是美國法院很可能無法起訴。
- And for our morality - can we prosecute people for ACTS over which they had no conscious control? 而就我們的道德而言——難道我們可以因人們行為是在他們無意識地操控下發生的而控告他們嗎?
- "I decided to prosecute because I don't want the same thing to happen to anybody else," she said firmly. “我決定要起訴是因為我不想同樣的事情發生在其他人身上。”她堅定地說。
- We will increase efforts to identify the parties responsible for production accidents and prosecute them. 加大安全生產事故責任追究和處罰力度。
- Now that Athens has a computerised land registry, it should be easier to track down and prosecute tax evaders. 既然雅典有一個計算機化的土地登記制度,應該很容易查獲避稅行為和對避稅者進行起訴。
- She offered to "re-prosecute" the case for a price on carbon. And she proposed a deal to end the mining-tax row. 她說將“重提”碳排放費用方案,並將提出一個協定結束礦業稅引發的爭議。
- But he says it is very difficult to gather evidence, interview witnesses and prosecute crimes committed in a war zone. 但是他說,在戰區很難收集證據,會見證人和起訴罪行。
- Where serious problems arise they investigate and, if appropriate, discipline or prosecute those that have violated rules. 出現嚴重問題時,進行調查。適當時,處分或起訴違反規定的人。
- However, while many states are able to prosecute, they are often unwilling to do so, as the trials can be complex and costly. 然而,雖然許多國家可以起訴,它們卻經常不願意這么做,因為審判既繁瑣又昂貴。
- Much of the new plan focuses on boosting intelligence to investigate and prosecute key cartel members, and to confiscate their money. 美國的這一新計畫主要著眼於增強情報工作,以調查和起訴販毒集團頭目,並沒收他們的錢財。
常見搭配
- 法律框架:prosecute a case(處理案件)/ prosecute criminals(起訴罪犯)/ prosecute violations(追訴違法行為)
- 抽象行為:prosecute an inquiry(開展調查)/ prosecute a claim(堅持主張)
- 職業領域:public prosecution(公訴)/ private prosecution(自訴)
考研英語真題例句:"The corporation may be prosecuted if it fails to comply with environmental regulations."(若企業違反環保法規可能面臨起訴),此句驗證了該詞在法律英語中的典型套用場景。

