germane

germane 是源自拉丁語的英語辭彙，作形容詞時表示"與特定主題有密切關聯且恰當貼切"的核心語義，常見於正式語境中描述邏輯關聯性。其發音存在英式/dʒɜːˈmeɪn/與美式/dʒɜːrˈmeɪn/兩種變體，詞源可追溯至表示"同種類"的拉丁語詞根，與generate同源。該詞在GRE、CET6等英語測試中屬於核心考查辭彙，常通過"germane to"結構連線相關主題。

基本介紹

• 詞性：形容詞/名詞
• 音標：英/dʒɜːˈmeɪn/ 美/dʒɜːrˈmeɪn/  
• 詞源：拉丁語germen 
• 近義詞：relevant、pertinent  
• 反義詞：irrelevant  
• 考試等級：CET6+/考研

語義特徵

• 核心語義聚焦於邏輯關聯的密切性與恰當性，需滿足"直接相關且貢獻實質內容"的雙重標準。如學術語境中要求論證細節需與論點保持語義一致性
• 存在古義與現代義的歷時演變：從特指血緣關係到泛化指代邏輯關聯性

語法功能

• 作表語時固定搭配"germane to + 名詞"結構，介詞不可替換
• 形容詞最高級形式可通過"most germane"表達，但比較級使用受限
• 否定形式"not germane"在正式文本中用於排除無關信息

語用場景

• 學術寫作中用於強調研究數據與論題的相關性
• 法律文書常見於證據關聯性論述
• 日常對話中多出現於正式場合的話題聚焦提示

詞源解析

• 拉丁語詞根"germen"原指植物嫩芽，衍生出"同源"的隱喻
• 中世紀英語通過法語吸收該詞，初始僅用於描述血緣關係
• german/germane詞族分化發生於16世紀，前者保留親屬稱謂功能

典型例句

• 法庭辯論場景："Counsel's objection was sustained as the testimony was not germane to the charges"
• 學術研討會："The professor emphasized that all questions must be germane to the symposium theme"
• 文化研究領域："Certain rituals remain germane to the community's identity preservation"

雙語例句

• Fenton was a good listener, and his questions were germane. 芬頓是個好聽眾，他的提問切中要害。
• The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. 在世界上技術最先進的國家仍然不能控制疫情和經濟危機的時刻，呼籲公眾參與令人無法想像的事情尤為重要。
• The fact is not germane to this issue. 此事實與此問題無密切關係。
• The statement was germane to the argument. 這陳述與討論相符。
• He asks questions that are germane and central to the issue. 他問了一些與論點有密切關係的重要問題。
• Other environment variables are germane to individual utilities. 其他環境變數與不同的實用程式有關。
• Information that is not germane to the product or service should be removed. 信息是無關的產品或服務，應予以撤銷。
• The paper is organized around four questions that are germane to organizational research. 本文是圍繞四個問題是有密切關係的組織研究。
• See the sections on Assignments and Exams for further expectations germane to this course. 對本課程的進一步的期望請見作業與測驗網頁。
• The following are a few research questions that seem especially germane to each of these areas. 以下的幾個研究的問題正好與這些方面有著很密切的聯繫。
• Finally, let me address an issue you raised in an earlier letter that is also germane at this point. 最後，讓我回答你先前發信提及的一個相關問題。
• The 20-page summary is a sketch of the findings that are most germane to the public and world leaders. 這份20頁的總結報告只是簡單描述了一下我們的調查結果，這些調查與全世界人民和各國領導人都是息息相關的。
• Now this is not the kind of stuff that computer scientists spend all their time doing, but it will germane. 現在，這並不是計算機科學家，要花費全部時間的地方，不過與此密切相關。
• A checklist should be developed that is broad based but also germane to the product line of the manufacturer. 所建立的清單應該範圍廣泛，但是也需要切合製造商生產線的實際情況。
• Alan Johnson: Charlie collects things from his life. You know, things that he finds germane to his lifestyle. 艾倫•強森：查理收集他生活中的東西，和他生活模式相近的東西。
• Four ultimate concerns, to my view, are highly germane to psychotherapy: death, isolation, meaning in life, and freedom. 在我看來，四種終極關切與心理治療密切相關：死亡、孤獨、生命的意義和自由。
• This web would bring me to many people's ideas -- many of them very germane since they quote me -- that I might never find otherwise. 這個網路會讓我接觸到很多人的觀點――其中許多觀點自打引用了我的看法就顯得更貼切了――我以別的方式也許根本無法辦到。
• When in doubt as to whether or not your review is germane to the subject, contact a moderator directly for approval before you write your report. 當你猶豫你的測評是否與與主題相關時，在你寫報告之前聯絡一個仲裁者獲得批准。
• Quine's target was mainly the empiricist tradition in epistemology, but his conclusions were patently germane to the agenda of analytical philosophy. 蒯因的主要目標是認識論中的經驗主義傳統，但他的結論卻與整個分析哲學的議程密切相關。
• Binder lists 33 tests from Meyers' original procedural solution and provides 32 more tests that are germane to the object-oriented nature of the problem. binder從meyers的原始程式解決方案中列出了33個測試，並提供了32個與面向對象的問題屬性有密切關係的測試。
• Germane to my talk at this meeting, in some situations, diabetes may lower VEGF levels and in other situations it may paradoxically increase VEGF levels. 與我本次會議上的演講密切有關，在某些情況下，糖尿病可能降低VEGF水平，而在其他情況下它可能自相矛盾地升高vegf水平。
• Martin Buber, a famous Germane Philosopher in modern times, re explored and re elucidated Oriental cultures with his unique way of "dialogue philosophy". 德國現代著名哲學家馬丁·布伯運用其獨特的“對話哲學”的方法，對東方文化進行了重新發掘和闡發。
• Journalists might have been more reticent about revealing peccadilloes 40 or 50 years ago, questioning whether they were germane to judging job performance. 40年或50年以前，如果你詢問記者們，揭露大官們的性醜聞，是否與工作業績有密切關係時，他們可能會回答的比較猶豫。
• But the Justice Department, in its appeal Tuesday, called the funding condition "highly germane" to the overall goal of fighting the spread of AIDS and HIV. 不過星期二法務部在它的裁決中稱基金會的情況和抗擊AIDS和HIV蔓延的總體目標保持高度一致。
• If it's germane but time is still running out, you should assign a smaller group to either gather more information or move the process along once the meeting is over. 如果它與主題密切相關但是時間不夠，你應該給一個小組分配任務以便能蒐集更多信息及在會議結束後也能保證推動會議進程。
• Most important, it articulates its academic requirements in exquisite detail, and focuses on those measures of institutional performance that are most germane to its mission. 更重要的是，它非常詳細的闡述了其學術要求，還表明自己關注那與其學術任務最密切相關的機構表現。
• "Among the many interpretations of this term, the one that is perhaps most germane to our text is" she who enjoys the expanse of Emptiness - that is, who has attained higher illumination. 在這個詞的多種解釋中，有一種解釋也許和我們書中的內容關係最密切：“喜歡大空的她”，即她已經達到更高的覺悟。
• "You may feel confused, ashamed, even depressed," says Anne Perschel, President of Germane Consulting and an organizational psychologist who coaches executives and helps employees change careers. “你可能會感到混亂，甚至會絕望”。GermaneConsulting公司的總裁Anne Perschel，也是一位幫助員工轉行、指導經理的管理心理學家，她如是說。