chastise作為英語動詞,其英式與美式音標均為[tʃæ'staɪz],核心語義為實施嚴厲的懲罰或譴責,尤指通過責打方式進行懲戒。該詞具有及物動詞屬性,衍生出形容詞chastisable、名詞chastisement/chastiser等形態變化,第三人稱單數形式為chastises。在語義關聯層面,chastise與discipline、punish、castigate等辭彙構成近義詞體系,常出現在宗教訓誡、司法懲罰、親職教育等語境中。通過《箴言》經文引用、歷史體罰案例及現代人際關係案例,該詞展現出從實體懲戒到抽象譴責的多層次套用特徵。
基本介紹
- 詞性:及物動詞
- 發音:/tʃæ'staɪz/
- 詞源:古法語chastiier演化
- 相關名詞:chastisement
- 近義詞:rebuke
- 反義詞:praise
發音與詞性
詞義解析
- 實體懲罰:指通過體罰實施的懲戒行為,如"My father used to chastise my brothers with whips"中描述的鞭笞管教
- 言語譴責:表現為嚴厲的訓斥或批評,例句"She chastised him for his insensitive remarks"即展示職場場景中的言語責難
- 抽象懲戒:在宗教文本中體現為隱喻性的道德規訓,如《箴言》所載"Those whom I love, I reprove and chastise"
詞形變化
- 過去式/過去分詞:chastised
- 現在分詞:chastising
- 第三人稱單數:chastises派生詞包含:
- chastisable(形容詞,意為應受懲罰的)
- chastisement(名詞,指懲罰行為或結果)
- chastiser(名詞,指實施懲罰的主體)
同義詞與反義詞
- 高強度:castigate(嚴責)、flog(鞭打)
- 中強度:rebuke(指責)、reprimand(訓誡)
- 基準辭彙:punish(懲罰)、discipline(管教)反義詞組包含praise(讚揚)、commend(嘉獎)、absolve(赦免)等表達正面評價或豁免懲罰的辭彙。
用法示例
- 親職教育場景"The father chastised his son for his misconduct"展示家長對子女不當行為的管教。該用法在19世紀文學作品中頻繁出現,常與corporal punishment(體罰)概念相關聯。
- 宗教訓誡語境"A boy chastised himself for doubting God's plan"反映宗教語境下自我譴責的心理活動。聖經引文"God chastises His people to guide them"進一步印證該詞的信仰維度套用。
- 現代人際關係"Never chastise yourself for falling in love"例句體現心理學領域對自我譴責行為的反思。此類用法在21世紀心理諮詢文本中呈上升趨勢。
- 司法懲戒案例"Government chastised the foreign envoy for espionage activities"顯示該詞在政治外交場景中的正式套用。相關用法常見於國際關係文獻及新聞公報。
雙語例句
- I just don't want you to chastise yourself. 我只是不想讓你責罰你自己。《柯林斯英漢雙解大詞典》
- Should I applaud my husband or chastise him? 我是該稱讚還是責罰我的丈夫呢?
- Girouard also used this opportunity to chastise the enterprise computing world. 吉魯阿爾還利用這次機會批判了現有的企業級計算市場。
- Such as I love, I rebuke and chastise. 凡我所疼愛的人,我要譴責他,管教他 ;
- Never chastise or scold him unnecessarily. 如非必要,絕不懲罰或者責罵他。
- Never chastise yourself for falling in love. 永遠不要因為戀愛而懲罰自己。
- I will therefore chastise him, and release him. 故此,我要責打他,把他釋放了。
- I will therefore chastise him, and release him. 我要責打他,然後把他釋放。
- They chastise Mr Netanyahu for his recalcitrance. 他們譴責內塔尼亞胡的頑抗。
- My father used to chastise my brothers with whips. 父親過去常以鞭打懲罰我的兄弟。
- How can he chastise me for something he knows nothing about? 他對事情不了解,怎么能責怪我呢!
- I'd chastise him for wasting his time on something so foolish. 我一直懲罰他為愚蠢的東西浪費這么多時間。
- So, your wife caught you and now she's going to chastise you. 所以說,你妻子逮著你了,現在她要懲罰你。
- O Lord, rebuke me not in thy indignation, nor chastise me in thy wrath. 上主,求你不要在震怒中責罰我,不要在氣憤中懲戒我。
- We do not chastise you in anyway, but facts are facts that cannot be denied. 我們不責備你,無論如何,但事實是不能否認的事實。
- I alone have a right to blame and punish, for he only may chastise who loves. 只有我才有權去責罰他,因為只有深愛他的人才可以懲戒他。
- Never chastise or scold him unnecessarily. Only immediately after an accident. 如非必要,絕不懲罰或者責罵他
- To chastise yourself for making a 'mistake' is to waste valuable time and energy. 為自己曾犯過的錯誤懲罰自己是在浪費寶貴的時間和經歷。
- In other words, criticize and chastise yourself. And the purpose of this criticism...? 也就是說,你責備和懲罰自己。你的目的是……?
- But if you will not yet for all this obey me: I will chastise you seven times more for your SINS. 如果這樣你們還不聽從我,為了你們的罪惡,我必要加重七倍懲罰你們。
- Rather than chastise him the therapist tells him that this is a sign that he is going to be "cured". 治療師非但沒有責罰他,反而告訴他說,這是一個跡象:他快要被治療好了。
- I alone have a right to blame and punish, for he only may chastise who loves. — Rabindranath Tagore. 只有我才有權責怪和懲罰她,因為只有深深愛她的人才有這個權利。- - - R .泰戈爾。
- Then I will walk contrary unto you also in fury; and I, even I, will chastise you seven times for your SINS. 我就要發烈怒,行事與你們反對,又因你們的罪懲罰你們七次。
- So, your wife caught you and now she's going to chastise you. Well, you're just going to have to take your medicine. 所以說,你妻子逮著你了,現在她要懲罰你。噢,你將不得不忍受處罰。
- Those who used to chastise America for acting alone in the world cannot now stand by and wait for America to solve the world's problems alone. 過去有人嚴厲抨擊美國在全球單獨行動,如今他們也不能袖手旁觀,等待美國單獨解決世界面臨的問題。
