科羅拉多州(美國州名)

科羅拉多州（英語：Colorado）是美國西部的一州，東接堪薩斯州，南界俄克拉何馬州和新墨西哥州，西鄰猶他州，北與懷俄明州和內布拉斯加州接壤。該州首府兼最大城為丹佛。

科羅拉多州是以西班牙語“Colorado”命名的，意為“帶點紅色的”，估計這可能指的是該地區紅色的砂岩地層或是科羅拉多河兩岸的赭紅色景觀。

科羅拉多州州樹為雲杉，州花為薰衣草，州鳥為雲雀。

基本介紹

• 中文名稱：科羅拉多州
• 外文名稱：Colorado -- CO
• 行政區類別：州
• 所屬地區：美國西南
• 政府駐地：丹佛市
• 面積：269997平方公里
• 人口：4753，377
• 氣候條件：年降水量平均僅406毫米。
• 機場：丹佛國際機場
• 州長：約翰·希肯盧珀
• 參議員：馬克·尤德爾，麥克·班尼

歷史沿革

科羅拉多州原為阿拉帕霍、切廷內和猶他等部族印第安人居住地。許多地名為印第安語。弗德台地國家公園中的崖洞是古代印第安普埃布洛人社區的遺址。至今仍有大約9000印第安人住在該州。16－17世紀，西班牙人和法國人先後來此。西班牙探險家看到落基山上彩色斑斕的岩石，遂將此地取名為“科羅拉多”，意為“紅色的”。1803年美國通過科羅拉多州內共分64個郡。州府丹佛市（Denver），

州徽

人口約57萬，為科州政治、貿易、金融和製造業中心。科羅拉多斯普林斯市是美國空軍軍官學校所在地。較大的城市還有奧羅拉和萊克伍德。

該州在美國地圖位置

主要城鎮：丹佛、奧羅拉、布頼頓、恩格爾伍德、萊克伍德、阿斯彭、博爾德、科羅拉多斯普林斯、柯林斯堡、大章克申、韋爾。路易斯安那購買協定取得該州東部大片土地。1806年派克斯攀登了以其名字命名的山峰（派克斯峰）。1859年派克斯峰發現金礦，掘金者蜂擁而至。1876年美國獨立100周年時建州，故有“百年州”之稱，成為美國第38州。

行政區劃

County	FIPS code	County seat	Established	Formed from	Etymolgy	Population	Area	Map
Adams County	001	Brighton	1902-11-15	Split fromArapahoe County.	Named in honor ofAlva Adams, the 5th, 10th, and 14thGovernorof the State of Colorado.	441,603	1,182.29sqmi; (3,062km)
Alamosa County	003	Alamosa	1913-03-08	Split fromCostilla CountyandConejos Countycounties.	Named for thecottonwood treeswhich grow along theRio Grandeand its tributaries.Alamosais a Spanish word for acottonwood grove.	15,445	723.21sqmi; (1,873km)
Arapahoe County	005	Littleton	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. Renamed South Arapahoe County for the five months from November 15, 1902 to April 11, 1903.	Named for predecessorArapahoe County, Kansas Territory, which in turn was named for theArapaho NationofNative Americans.	572,003	804.41sqmi; (2,083km)
Archuleta County	007	Pagosa Springs	1885-04-14	Split fromConejos County.	Named in honor ofColorado State SenatorAntonio D. Archuleta.	12,084	1,354.53sqmi; (3,508km)
Baca County	009	Springfield	1889-04-16	Split fromLas Animas County.	Named in honor of pioneer andColorado territorial legislatorFelipe Baca.	3,788	2,558.48sqmi; (6,626km)
Bent County	011	Las Animas	1870-02-11	Split fromHuerfano Countyand former Cheyenne and Arapaho tribal land.	Named in honor of frontier traderWilliam Bent.	6,499	1,541.07sqmi; (3,991km)
Boulder County	013	Boulder	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named for the abundance ofgranitebouldersalongBoulder Creek.	294,567	740.48sqmi; (1,918km)
City and County of Broomfield	014	Broomfield	2001-11-15	Split fromBoulder,Adams,Jefferson, andWeldcounties and reorganized as aconsolidated city and county.	Named for thebroom cornthat was formerly grown in the area.	55,889	33.57sqmi; (87km)
Chaffee County	015	Salida	1879-02-10	Split fromCarbonate County.	Named in honor ofJerome Bunty Chaffee, one ofColorado's first twoU.S. Senatorsfrom 1876 to 1879.	17,809	1,014.12sqmi; (2,627km)
Cheyenne County	017	Cheyenne Wells	1889-03-25	Split fromElbertandBentcounties.	Named for theCheyenne NationofNative Americans.	1,836	1,781.90sqmi; (4,615km)
Clear Creek County	019	Georgetown	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named forClear Creekwhich originates in the county.	9,088	396.53sqmi; (1,027km)
Conejos County	021	Conejos	1861-11-01	Guadalupe County, one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado, was renamedConejos Countyafter six days on November 7, 1861.	Named for thecottontail rabbitsin the area.Conejosis a Spanish word forrabbits.	8,256	1,290.22sqmi; (3,342km)
Costilla County	023	San Luis	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named for the Costilla River.Costillais a Spanish word meaning eitherlittle riborfurring timber.	3,524	1,229.38sqmi; (3,184km)
Crowley County	025	Ordway	1911-05-29	Split fromOtero County.	Named in honor ofColorado State SenatorJohn H. Crowley.	5,823	800.27sqmi; (2,073km)
Custer County	027	Westcliffe	1877-03-09	Split fromFremont County.	Named in memory ofGeorge Armstrong Custer, (1839 - 1876), the U.S. Armycoloneldefeated and killed at theBattle of the Little Bighorn.	4,255	739.24sqmi; (1,915km)
Delta County	029	Delta	1883-02-11	Split fromGunnison County.	Named for the town ofDeltalocated at thedeltaof theUncompahgre River.	30,952	1,149.44sqmi; (2,977km)
City and County of Denver	031	Denver	1902-11-15	The originalArapahoeCounty Seatwas split fromArapahoe Countyand reorganized as aconsolidated city and county.	Named to curry favor withJames W. Denver,Governorof theTerritory of Kansasfrom 1857 to 1859.	600,158	155.66sqmi; (403km)
Dolores County	033	Dove Creek	1881-03-04	Split fromOuray County.	Named for theDolores River, which was originally namedel Rio de Nuestra Senora de los Dolores, which is Spanish forthe River of our Lady of Sorrows.	2,064	1,076.93sqmi; (2,789km)
Douglas County	035	Castle Rock	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named in honor ofStephen Arnold Douglas, (1813 - 1861),U.S. SenatorfromIllinoisfrom 1847 to 1861.	285,465	842.30sqmi; (2,182km)
Eagle County	037	Eagle	1883-02-11	Split fromSummit County.	Named for theEagle Riverwhich originates in the county.	52,197	1,700.76sqmi; (4,405km)
El Paso County	041	Colorado Springs	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named forUte Passin the county.El pasois a Spanish expression forthe pass.	622,263	2,128.60sqmi; (5,513km)
Elbert County	039	Kiowa	1874-02-02	Split fromDouglas County.	Named in honor ofSamuel Hitt Elbert, the sixthGovernorof theTerritory of Colorado.	23,086	1,849.08sqmi; (4,789km)
Fremont County	043	Cañon City	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named in honor ofJohn Charles Frémont(1813 - 1890), the explorer, U.S. Army general, andU.S. SenatorfromCalifornia.	46,824	1,533.09sqmi; (3,971km)
Garfield County	045	Glenwood Springs	1883-02-10	Split fromSummit County.	Named in honor ofJames Abram Garfield(1831 - 1881), the twentiethPresident of the United States.	56,389	2,958.23sqmi; (7,662km)
Gilpin County	047	Central City	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named in honor ofWilliam Gilpin, the firstGovernorof theTerritory of Colorado.	5,441	150.15sqmi; (389km)
Grand County	049	Hot Sulphur Springs	1874-02-02	Split fromSummit County.	Named for theGrand Riverwhich originates in the county. The Grand River was renamed theColorado Riverin 1921, but the county retains the original name.	14,843	1,868.53sqmi; (4,839km)
Gunnison County	051	Gunnison	1877-03-09	Split fromLake County.	Named in honor ofJohn Williams Gunnison, the U.S. Army captain who explored the region.	15,324	3,259.22sqmi; (8,441km)
Hinsdale County	053	Lake City	1874-02-10	Split fromLake,Conejos, andCostillacounties.	Named in honor of George Aaron Hinsdale, a Lieutenant Governor of theTerritory of Colorado.	843	1,123.35sqmi; (2,909km)
Huerfano County	055	Walsenburg	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named forHuerfano Butte, a solitary volcanic plug.Huerfanois a Spanish word meaningorphan.	6,711	1,592.37sqmi; (4,124km)
Jackson County	057	Walden	1909-05-05	Split fromLarimer County.	Named in honor ofAndrew Jackson(1767 - 1845), the seventhPresident of the United States.	1,394	1,619.75sqmi; (4,195km)
Jefferson County	059	Golden	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named for its extralegal predecessor county,Jefferson County, Jefferson Territory, which in turn was named in honor ofThomas Jefferson(1743 - 1826), the author of theDeclaration of Independenceand the thirdPresident of the United States.	534,543	772.85sqmi; (2,002km)
Kiowa County	061	Eads	1889-04-11	Split fromBent County.	Named for theKiowa NationofNative Americans.	1,398	1,785.90sqmi; (4,625km)
Kit Carson County	063	Burlington	1889-04-11	Split fromElbert County.	Named in honor ofChristopher Houston "Kit" Carson, the famous frontier scout and soldier.	8,270	2,162.43sqmi; (5,601km)
La Plata County	067	Durango	1874-02-10	Split fromLakeandConejoscounties.	Named for the manysilverdeposits in the area.La platais a Spanish expression forthe silver.	51,334	1,700.44sqmi; (4,404km)
Lake County	065	Leadville	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. RenamedCarbonate Countyfor the two days from February 8–10, 1879.	Named for theTwin Lakesin the county.	7,310	383.55sqmi; (993km)
Larimer County	069	Fort Collins	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named in honor ofWilliam Larimer, a pioneer entrepreneur.	299,630	2,631.75sqmi; (6,816km)
Las Animas County	071	Trinidad	1866-02-09	Split fromHuerfano County.	Named for theAnimas River, which was originally namedel Rio de las Animas Perdidas, which is Spanish forthe River of the Souls in Purgatory.	15,507	4,773.27sqmi; (12,363km)
Lincoln County	073	Hugo	1889-04-11	Split fromElbertandBentcounties.	Named in honor ofAbraham Lincoln(1809 - 1865), the sixteenthPresident of the United States.	5,467	2,585.21sqmi; (6,696km)
Logan County	075	Sterling	1887-02-25	Split fromWeld County.	Named in honor ofJohn Alexander Logan(1826 - 1886), a U.S. Army general andU.S. SenatorfromIllinois.	22,709	1,845.31sqmi; (4,779km)
Mesa County	077	Grand Junction	1883-02-14	Split fromGunnison County.	Named for themesaformations which are widespread through the area.	146,723	3,345.69sqmi; (8,665km)
Mineral County	079	Creede	1893-03-27	Split fromHinsdale,Rio Grande, andSaguachecounties.	Named from the plentifulmineraldeposits found in the area.	712	878.16sqmi; (2,274km)
Moffat County	081	Craig	1911-02-27	Split fromRoutt County.	Named in honor of railroad pioneerDavid H. Moffat.	13,795	4,755.86sqmi; (12,318km)
Montezuma County	083	Cortez	1889-04-16	Split fromLa Plata County.	Named in honor ofAztecleaderMoctezuma II. Ruins in the area were once thought to be Aztec.	25,535	2,035.80sqmi; (5,273km)
Montrose County	085	Montrose	1883-02-11	Split fromGunnison County.	Named for the town ofMontrose, which in turn was probably named from the novelA Legend of Montrose, published in 1819 byWalter Scott.	41,276	2,246.43sqmi; (5,818km)
Morgan County	087	Fort Morgan	1889-02-19	Split fromWeld County.	Named for oldFort Morgan, which in turn was named in honor of U.S. Army ColonelChristopher A. Morgan.	28,159	1,293.83sqmi; (3,351km)
Otero County	089	La Junta	1889-03-25	Split fromBent County.	Named in honor ofMiguel A. Oteroof the prominent Otero family of theSouthwest.	18,831	1,267.66sqmi; (3,283km)
Ouray County	091	Ouray	1877-01-18	Split fromHinsdaleandLakecounties. RenamedUncompaghre Countyfor four days from 1883-02-27, to 1883-03-02.	Named in honor ofOuray, aUteNative Americanleader.	4,436	542.30sqmi; (1,405km)
Park County	093	Fairplay	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named forSouth Parkwhich occupies most of the county.	16,206	2,209.36sqmi; (5,722km)
Phillips County	095	Holyoke	1889-03-27	Split fromLogan County.	Named in honor of R.O. Phillips, secretary of the Lincoln Land Company, which sold farmsteads in the area.	4,442	688.30sqmi; (1,783km)
Pitkin County	097	Aspen	1881-02-23	Split fromGunnison County.	Named in honor ofFrederick Walker Pitkin, the secondGovernorof the State of Colorado.	17,148	970.37sqmi; (2,513km)
Prowers County	099	Lamar	1889-04-11	Split fromBent County.	Named in honor of John W. Prowers, a pioneer of theArkansas Rivervalley.	12,551	1,645.37sqmi; (4,261km)
Pueblo County	101	Pueblo	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named for historic town ofPueblo.Pueblois a Spanish word meaningvillageorpeople.	159,063	2,396.77sqmi; (6,208km)
Rio Blanco County	103	Meeker	1889-03-25	Split fromGarfield County.	Named for theWhite River, which was originally namedRio Blancoin Spanish.	6,666	3,226.24sqmi; (8,356km)
Rio Grande County	105	Del Norte	1874-02-10	Split fromCostilla CountyandConejos Countycounties.	Named for theRio Grande, which flows through the area.	11,982	913.10sqmi; (2,365km)
Routt County	107	Steamboat Springs	1877-01-29	Split fromGrand County.	Named in honor ofJohn Long Routt, the firstGovernorof the State of Colorado.	23,509	2,362.11sqmi; (6,118km)
Saguache County	109	Saguache	1866-12-29	Split fromLakeandCostillacounties.	Name comes from aUte languagenoun meaning "sand dunes".	6,108	3,168.32sqmi; (8,206km)
San Juan County	111	Silverton	1876-01-31	Split fromLake County.	Named for theSan Juan RiverandSan Juan Mountains, which in turn were named forSaint John the Evangelist.	699	388.99sqmi; (1,007km)
San Miguel County	113	Telluride	1883-03-02	Split fromSan Juan County.	Named for theSan Miguel RiverandSan Miguel Mountains, which in turn were named forSaint Michael the Archangel.	7,359	1,290.76sqmi; (3,343km)
Sedgwick County	115	Julesburg	1889-04-09	Split fromLogan County.	Named for Fort Sedgwick, which, in turn, was named for U.S. Army GeneralJohn Sedgwick(1813 - 1864).	2,379	548.83sqmi; (1,421km)
Summit County	117	Breckenridge	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named for the many highmountain summitsin the area.	27,994	618.92sqmi; (1,603km)
Teller County	119	Cripple Creek	1899-03-23	Split fromEl PasoandFremontcounties.	Named in honor ofHenry Moore Teller, aU.S. SenatorfromColoradoandUnited States Secretary of the Interior.	23,350	558.58sqmi; (1,447km)
Washington County	121	Akron	1887-02-09	Split fromWeld County.	Named in honor ofGeorge Washington(1732 - 1799), the firstPresident of the United States.	4,814	2,522.90sqmi; (6,534km)
Weld County	123	Greeley	1861-11-01	Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.	Named in honor of Lewis Ledyard Weld, the first Secretary of theTerritory of Colorado.	252,825	4,013.84sqmi; (10,396km)
Yuma County	125	Wray	1889-03-15	Split fromWashington County.	Named for theQuechan (Yuma) NationofNative Americans.	10,043	2,369.61sqmi; (6,137km)

地理環境

科羅拉多州位於美國西部，洛磯山脈東側，西部地形以高山和丘陵為主，東部則是高原地形。全州平均高度海拔2072米，為50個州中地勢最高的一個州。落基山脈的埃爾伯特峰海拔4402米，為該州最高峰。落基山脈以東為科羅拉多山前地帶，寬80公里，長440公里，地表呈波狀起伏。山前地帶面積為全州的34%，人口占全州的80%。再往東屬高平原地區，氣溫乾旱，年降水量平均僅406毫米，70%為夏雨。落基山脈縱貫本州中部，構成著名的大陸分水嶺，東部屬大西洋流域，西部屬太平洋流域。落基山地東坡的普拉特河及阿肯色河都是密西西比河的支流，格蘭德河南流入新墨西哥州，最後注入墨西哥灣。科羅拉多河由此州向西南流，注入加利福尼亞灣。州內落基山地以西，多未開發，有小片印第安人保留區。氣候溫和，丹佛的7月均溫為23℃，1月均溫為－2℃。

州旗

科羅拉多州

自然資源

科羅拉多州盛產礦產，以金、銀。現以鉬、鈾、鋅、釩、銅、鉛、石油、煤和天然氣為主。 鉬產量居全國首位。

人口比例

科羅拉多州人口486萬，位居全美第24位，其中白人占總人口的82.8%，拉美裔、黑人、亞太裔分別占總人口的19.7%、3.7%和2.8%。

科羅拉多州

經濟概況

科羅拉多州經濟傳統上以礦產開發和農業為主，自然資源非常豐富，主要包括森林、煤、原油、天然氣、金、銀、各種石料等。農產品主要有玉米、水果、牛肉、各類蔬菜。為擺脫過份依賴礦業和農業的局面，科羅拉多州政府一直以經濟的“多元化”為主導目標，現已成為美國製造業、旅遊業、服務業、通訊和高科技業、交通運輸業較為發達的州。其中旅遊收入在美各州中排名第8位，特別是冬季以滑雪勝地而聞名。

主要旅遊景點：岩石山國家公園、科羅拉多國家歷史文物、恐龍國家歷史文物、大的沙丘國家歷史文物和自然保護區、盛大Mesa 國家森林、派克國家森林、羅斯福國家森林、聖·伊莎貝爾國家森林、白色河國家森林、西部麋自然保護區。

社會事業

教育事業

羅拉多州公共教育、文化事業較發達，州內大學在能源、採礦技術、環境保護、生物技術、藥學、遺傳學、新型材料、航天、氣象學、電訊和計算機領域的研究屬世界領先水平。目前有科羅拉多州礦業學院、科羅拉多州州立大學、科羅拉多大學等8所著名高等院校、81所大專院校、1771多所公立學校和499所私立學校，在校生86萬。丹佛大學國際關係學院設有美中合作中心。

科羅拉多州

州立大學：科羅拉多大學、科羅拉多大學圓石市分校、科羅拉多大學科羅拉多泉分校、科羅拉多大學丹佛分校、科羅拉多州立大學、科羅拉多礦業學院、北科羅拉多大學、亞當斯州立學院、科羅拉多西方州立學院、南科羅拉多大學、路易斯堡學院、科羅拉多技術學院、大都會州立學院、美國空軍軍官學校。

私立大學：丹佛大學（University of Denver）、洛雷多高原學院、瑞吉斯學院、科羅拉多學院。

服務業

科羅拉多州是一個文化和歷史中心，擁有豐富的旅遊資源，冬季是滑雪勝地，夏季是登山者的好去處。落基山國家公園和梅莎爾地國家公園是該州最受歡迎的景點。全美奧林匹克集訓中心在科羅拉多州，主要報紙有《丹佛郵報》和《落基山新聞》。

友好城市

1984年1月23日，科州與湖南省建立友好省州關係；科州的普韋布洛市與山東濰坊市建立友好城市關係；丹佛市與昆明市於1986年5月15日建立友好城市關係；博爾德與拉薩於1987年4月10日建立友好城市關係，美方於1989年11月14日無故中止。

交通情況

科羅拉多州發達的高速公路和鐵路系統使它成為了一個主要的商品分撥中心，科羅拉多州境內的公路總長9200英里，州際間高速公路954英里，最主要的25及40號州際公路與該州境內四通八達的聯邦和州道路構成綿密便利之交通網。丹佛附近的埃文斯山上的公路海拔3400米，是美國海拔最高的公路。鐵路設施方面，有五條主要鐵道連線美國各主要港口。丹佛國際機場是世界上最繁忙的機場之一（在全美各機場中排名第六位），每天約有1400架次的飛機起落，每年約有3800萬人次的旅客。

科羅拉多州

著名人物

埃里克·康奈爾（1961-）：物理學家，因在玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚方面的成就而獲諾貝爾物理獎

喬治·伽莫夫

約翰·Q·威爾森（James Q. Wilson ， 1931–2012）：政治科學學者，以公共管治方面的研究最為知名

尼古拉·特斯拉（1856–1943）：電機發明家、工程師

露絲·韓德爾（Ruth Handler，1916-2002）：芭比玩偶的發明人

威拉得·利比（1908－1980）：放射性碳定年法的發明人，諾貝爾化學獎

范朋克（1883－1939）：電影演員

傑克·丹姆西（Jack Dempsey，1895-1983）：世界重量級拳擊冠軍

約翰·丹佛（1943－1997）：民歌歌手

喬治·伽莫夫（1904－1968）：物理學家、宇宙學家、科普作家，熱大爆炸宇宙學模型的創立者

赫伯特·克勒默（1928－）：諾貝爾物理獎得主，以半導體的研究為主