國際科學家向全球青少年提出的10個問題1、羅伯特·戴西蒙 Robert Desmone 麻省理工腦研究院院長 President of MIT brain research institute Q: 你能否研發創造出一種可穿戴的腦電波感測器,可以用大腦來控制機器人手臂? Can you create a wearable brainwave sensor that the brain used to control a robotic arm? 2、李淼 Li Miao 中山大學天文與空間科學研究院院長 President of college of astronomy and space science in Sun Yat-Sen University Q: 未來人類因為探索的需要,可能要在地球附近建立巨大的太空站,例如在月球附近建立一個中轉站。 為了節約航天能源,就需要在太空站種植糧食,那么請問能夠保障100個人食物供應的太空站面積 最小是多大? In the future, humans may need to build huge space stations near the Earth for exploration, such as to build transfer stations near the Moon. In order to save space power energy, it is necessary to grow food in the space station. Then what is the minimum space station area that can guarantee food supply for 100 people? 3、楊培東 Yang Peidong 加州大學終身教授 UC tenured professor Q: 人類不遠的將來會第一次登入火星,但是火星沒有人類賴以生存的氧氣,科學家正在探索建造一個人類 可以長期生存的環境,其中有一種方式就是人工光合作用。那么假設第一批登入火星的有六個太空人, 他們要利用這種人工光合作用在火星上就地合成天然氣和氧氣,並長期生活在火星上。請問每天至少 需要生成多少氧氣來滿足太空人正常呼吸要求?在這一過程中同時能夠生成多少天然氣?要消耗多少 水以及二氧化碳? 另外,你認為理想的人類火星著陸點應該有哪些地理條件? Humans may land on Mars for the first time in the near future.But Mars doesn't have the oxygen that humans needs to survive. Scientists are exploring ways to build an environment where humans can long-term survive. One way of them is the artificial photosynthesis. Suppose that the first six astronauts land on Mars and use this artificial photosynthesis to synthesize natural gas and oxygen on the planet and live there for a long time. How much oxygen is needed to generate per day to maintain normal breathing? How much gas can be produced in the process? How much water and carbon dioxide does it take? In addition, what geographical conditions do you think would be ideal for a human landing site on Mars? 4、高從堦 Gao Congjie 中國工程院院士 CAE academician Q: 家庭廢水也是水污染問題之一,你是否可以研發一款家用裝置,能夠及時的對家庭廢水進行回收與利用? Domestic waste water is also one of the problems of water pollution. Can you develop a household device that can timely recycle and reuse domestic waste water? 6、魯白 Lu Bai 清華大學藥學院教授Tenured professor from college of pharmacy, Tsinghua University Q: 將來有沒有可能將人腦中特定的記憶從腦中導出,移植到電腦中?如果有可能,那么具體實現的途徑是什麼?如何將人腦中全部的人生體驗信息轉到電腦中,使其獲得永生? Is it possible in the future to export specific memories from the brain and transplant them into computers? If so, how? How to transfer all the life experience information of human brain to computer and make it immortal? 6、許田 Xu Tian 西湖大學副校長、耶魯大學兼職教授 Vice President, Westlake University Adjunct Professor, Yale University Q: 人類嬰兒什麼時候開始有自我意識?用什麼實驗能夠證明它? When do human babies become self-aware? What experiments can prove it? 7、漆遠 Qi Yuan 達摩院AI科學家AI scientist of Alibaba DAMO Academy Q: 人工智慧能否像牛頓和愛因斯坦一樣發現新的科學理論?人工智慧可能有自我意識嗎? Can AI discover new scientific theories like Newton and Einstein? Could AI be self-aware? 8、愛德華·莫瑟爾 Edvard Moser 2014獲諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎獲得者 Winner of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 2014 Q: 如果沒有提供地圖,而僅僅依靠個體在環境中移動來收集位置信息,那么如何建立一個定位系統來計算到達某一目的地的最優路線?在此基礎上,你們可以進一步思考,大腦的定位方式(基於神經元,如格線細胞等),和其他非神經系統的定位方式有什麼異同? If map is not provided and the location information is collected only by the individual moving in the environment, how can a positioning system be built to calculate the optimal route to a destination? On the basis, you can further think about how the brain locates(based on neurons, such as grid cells, etc.) and the differences of other non-neural systems locating. 9、崔屹 Cui Yi 史丹福大學教授 Stanford University professor Q: 動力電池決定了新能源汽車的未來,而動力電池的發展取決於電池的能量密度,怎樣合理提升電池的能量,是密度新能源汽車發展的關鍵所在。將來你可以研發出500Wh/kg的動力電池嗎? Power battery determines the future of new-energy vehicles, and the development of power battery depends on the energy density of the battery. How to reasonably improve the density is the key to the development of new energy vehicles. Can you develop a 500Wh/kg power battery in the future? 10、戴尅戎 Dai Kerong 中國工程院院士 CAE academician Q: 當人類會較長時間停留在飛船里遨遊太空,甚至在月球上著陸生活一段時間時,就會涉及如何更舒適 安全的生活,以及物件壞了進行維修等問題。人類是否能用3D列印技術為解決這些困難提供幫助, 甚至能否用3D列印在月球上列印居住場所和起居設施? When humans stay in spacecraft for a long time to travel in space, even land on the moon to live for a period of time, it will involve how to live a more comfortable and safe life, as well as the maintenance of broken objects and other issues. Can 3D printing technology be used to help solve these difficulties, even to print living places and living facilities on the moon?