後綴

後綴

後綴是一種重要的構詞法,通過後綴常常可以判斷出一個詞的詞性。一個英語單詞可以分為三個部分:前綴(prefix),詞根(stem)及後綴(suffix)。單詞中位於詞根前面的部分就是前綴。前綴,可以改變單詞的意思。在語言學裡,後綴,又稱詞尾,是一種後置於其他詞素後的詞綴

基本介紹

  • 中文名:後綴
  • 外文名:suffix
  • 解釋:一種重要的構詞法
  • 分類詞綴
  • 舉例:-ly,-ster,-eer
名詞解釋,後綴類型,名詞,動詞,形容詞,副詞,

名詞解釋

以英語為例:Verb(動詞)+-ment(後綴)—> Noun(名詞):藉由後綴-ment 的使用,使原本的動詞詞素轉為名詞,為語言的衍生,是後綴的一種用途
後綴是置於單詞或詞幹後用於構成新詞的一個或一組音節。也就是說,用作一種詞類的詞,例如名詞經添加後綴之後可以轉變為不同的詞類,例如形容詞。

後綴類型

名詞

常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
  1. -ster,-eer,-er(or) 意為:從事某種職業或參與某種活動的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例詞:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
  2. -let 意為:小或者不重要的東西(small,unimportant things)例詞:booklet,leaflet,starlet
  3. -ette 意為:1)小的東西(small)例詞:cigarette 2)假的東西(imitation)例詞:leatherette,usherette
  4. -ess 意為:女性(female)例詞:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
  5. -hood 意為:時期(status;etc.)例詞:boyhood,childhood,manhood
  6. -ship 意為:才能,狀態,資格,品質等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例詞:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
  7. -ful 意為:量(the amount which noun contains)例詞:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful
  8. -tion,-ion 意為:1)狀態,行動等(state;action;etc.)例詞:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)機構等(institution;etc.)例詞: organization,foundation
  9. -ment 意為:狀態,行動等(state; action;etc.)例詞:movement,enslavement,pavement
  10. -al 意為:動作(action)例詞:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
  11. -age 意為:程度,數量等(extent; amount;etc.)例詞:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
  12. -ness;-ity(ty) 意為:狀態,品質(state;quality;etc.)例詞:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
  13. -ism 意為:道義,主義,學說等(doctrine of,practice of)例詞:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism
  14. -ist 意為:擁護某種主義的人,某種學科專家等(the person who support the doctrine,the person who is good at the practice)例詞:idealist, impressionist,absenteeist,racist

動詞

使一個詞變為動詞的後綴。
常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
  1. -ify 意為:轉為,變為(to turn into,to make or become)例詞:beautify, diversify,simplify
  2. -ize;-en 意為:使……,變得……(to make or become ;to make into)例詞:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
  3. -ate 意為:增加,使……聽寫(give or add,make or become)例詞:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate

形容詞

常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
  1. -ful 意為:充滿,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例詞:useful,pitiful, hopeful,careful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
  2. -less 意為:沒有,無(without;not giving)例詞:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless ,homeless
  3. -ly 意為:有……品質的(having the qualities of)例詞:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
  4. -like 意為:像……的(like)例詞: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
  5. -y;-ish 意為:像……一般的(somewhat like)例詞:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
  6. -some 意為:像……一樣的;引起……的;有……品質的(like;causing; having the quality of)例詞:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
  7. -able(ible) 意為:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例詞: changeable,reliable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
  8. -ed 意為:有……的(having,etc.)例詞:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped
  9. -al 意為:有……屬性的,……類型的(nature of,typical of)例詞:cultural,personal,regional,musical
  10. -ary(ory) 意為:屬於……的,與……相連的(belonging to;connected with)例詞:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
  11. -ous 意為:富含……的;有……品質的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例詞:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious,dangerous
  12. -ic(ical) 意為:……類的;屬於……的(typical of;belonging to)例詞: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
  13. -ive 意為:有……屬性的;有某種傾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例詞:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive

副詞

常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
  1. -ly 意為:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例詞:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
  2. -ward(s) 意為:表示方式或動作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例詞:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
  3. -wise 意為:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例詞:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as...is concerned)例詞:weatherwise ,educationwise
  4. ly後綴結尾的副詞比較級都是+more,如more carefully,more usefully最高級+most 如most carefully,most usefully

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